Public speaking exam 2
In order for a speaker to avoid reading from their slides during a presentation, they should: memorize their speech. time themselves while practicing with their slides. include visual cues in their notes. insert blank slides into their presentation.
include visual cues in their notes.
Indignation may be a shared emotion, but social movements strive to create something else.
indignation
Aristotle believed that public speaking often concerns two things: the use of examples and: informal logic. statistical data. anecdotes. common knowledge.
informal logic.
Internal previews are a type of transition that is used in the body of the speech.
internal preview
An internal summary is a more detailed form of transition that summarizes points that have been said.
internal summaries.
Adelle is preparing a presentation on how children learn to read in the digital age. Which statement from her presentation would be classified as a fact? "Early childhood educators need to provide more opportunities for young students to use digital technology." "I can see evidence of children assigning meaning to symbols in my own children when they interact with technology." "Learning to read in the twenty-first century is more complex and challenging that it was previously." "In her experiment examining how children interact with digital media, Levy conducted interviews with students, teachers, and parents."
"In her experiment examining how children interact with digital media, Levy conducted interviews with students, teachers, and parents."
Rhetorical theorist Kenneth Burke dedicated one of his books on speech and persuasion with the Latin phrase ad bellum purificandum, which means:
"toward the purification of war."
Oliver is giving a speech in an auditorium and knows he will have to use a microphone. He seeks out advice from his friend Chad. What advice should Chad give Oliver? Stay behind the podium to avoid creating feedback. When moving around the stage, don't spend too much time on one side or the other; quickly move back and forth from side to side. Be mindful of your visual aids if you walk around on stage. If you walk around, always move side to side, but avoid moving toward or away from the audience.
Be mindful of your visual aids if you walk around on stage.
Chap 6 page 117
Bias
Nicole is giving a speech using presentation aids and asks a friend for advice. What advice should her friend give her? Spend plenty of time showing each presentation aid. Don't look at your presentation aids for too long during your speech. Read your aids to the audience to make sure they process all the information. Share handouts with your audience before the speech so they can follow along.
Don't look at your presentation aids for too long during your speech.
Pete is giving a speech using presentation aids and asks a friend for advice. What advice should his friend give him? Spend plenty of time showing the presentation aid. Avoid using color in your presentation aids, as some individuals can't see certain colors. Face the audience, not your presentation. Leave key points up on the screen, even when not directly discussing them.
Face the audience, not your presentation.
Which is an example of a signpost used in enumeration? I will talk about how to log on to your computer. I have provided details on the forms you need to enroll in health insurance. Finally, I will describe how to dice cucumbers. "You miss 100% of the shots you don't take."
Finally, I will describe how to dice cucumbers.
What does international gesture expert Jürgen Streeck say about gestures? Gestures are just as significant to individuals' social world as speech. Gestures are more important than speech. Gestures simply convey a symbolic meaning. The important thing is for gestures to correspond with what is being said.
Gestures are just as significant to individuals' social world as speech.
What is the benefit of forming coalitions to achieve change? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The groups in a coalition gain benefits similar to those that individuals gain by networking. Groups that care about the same causes can form temporary collective power. It ensures that an invitational approach to civility is used. When groups are too big, they cannot produce social change.
Groups that care about the same causes can form temporary collective power.
Consider the following statements as a potential part of a speech. Which could be considered controversial and thus would warrant further investigation? The United States was an Allied power in WWII. George Washington was the first president of the United States. Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States. Gun control would prevent gun death.
Gun control would prevent gun death.
Which is recommended when using presentation aids? Provide the audience with a handout that includes all visual aids. When discussing the aid, face it so that the audience also focuses on it. Hide or remove visual aids when they are no longer relevant. Use only one presentation aid per main point.
Hide or remove visual aids when they are no longer relevant.
Which fact is likely common knowledge for the vast majority of people? The best time to prune an oak tree is in the winter. Humans need to breathe oxygen. Chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis in plants. It is illegal to leave a car running unattended in Florida.
Humans need to breathe oxygen.
Which statement about attention getters is true? Speakers should use caution when citing startling statistics because audiences tend to be turned off by numbers. Visualizations and rhetorical questions are the same thing. Quotations should be avoided because they are overused. Humor can be used to help draw the audience into the speech.
Humor can be used to help draw the audience into the speech.
Amelia is nervous about speaking with a microphone for the first time and asks a friend for advice. What advice should the friend give her? Be sure to speak slightly louder than you normally would. If you are unsure if those in the back can hear you, turn up the volume during your speech. To ensure everyone can hear you, turn the speakers to full volume. If you have to clear your throat or burp, be sure to step away from the microphone.
If you have to clear your throat or burp, be sure to step away from the microphone.
What does making eye contact with an audience do for a speaker? It enhances the speaker's credibility. It primarily makes the speaker more nervous. It creates the impression that the speaker is sociable. It allows the speaker to use the "head-top" method.
It enhances the speaker's credibility.
false or inaccurate information, especially that which is deliberately intended to deceive. Thông tin sai lệch (how to do it ... chap5 page 99)
Misinformation
Opinions are views that someone adopts that can be based on facts or simply educated guesses, and they will vary in degree of conviction. Opinions can be valued forms of speech support when the person holding or sharing them is trusted or considered an expert.
Opinion
What is the relationship between opinion and facts? Opinions are the opposite of facts. Opinions are conclusions that have been drawn from facts. Opinions and facts differ only in that opinions can be verified. Opinions are a specific type of fact.
Opinions are conclusions that have been drawn from facts.
Which is a relatively undisputed fact about presentation software? Presentation software is an integral part of North American speaking culture. Presentation software is overused. Presentation software has lost popularity since the turn of the century. Presentation software should be used during speeches in most cases.
Presentation software is an integral part of North American speaking culture.
Page 98.
Research in the digital domain · Databases vs. General Internet research
What phrase functions as a commonly accepted cue to the audience that the speech is over? You've been great That's all Thank you The end
Thank you
What is the difference between the celebratory and persuasive aspects of political advocacy and social protest speaking? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The celebratory aspect is secondary in importance to the more substantial persuasive arguments. The celebratory aspect functions to counterbalance the seriousness of the persuasive aspect. The celebratory aspect is for members of the movement; the persuasive aspect is for those who disagree. The celebratory focus is present oriented, whereas the persuasive focus is future oriented.
The celebratory focus is present oriented, whereas the persuasive focus is future oriented.
Kalinda is trying to determine whether an article she found online is a reliable source for her speech about how chronic stress affects the immune system. In evaluating the source, she sees that the author is a medical doctor who specializes in disorders of the immune system. What can be concluded from this information? The information in the article is accurate. The source is credible. The article is balanced and objective. The article is well researched.
The source is credible.
Which statement is an example of common knowledge for a large, diverse audience? The eastern bluebird is the state bird of Missouri. 19 is a prime number. Boris Yeltsin was the first popularly elected president of Russia. The sun rises in the east.
The sun rises in the east.
Who the heck wrote it? Who the heck paid for it? When the heck was it published?
The three "hecks"
What ethical concern is associated with using statistics? They can stir up powerful emotions. They are not based in fact. They can be manipulated and misused. They predominantly focus on extreme views.
They can be manipulated and misused.
What is the BEST way for a speaker to become more aware of what their body is doing while they are speaking and make sure that their expressions and gestures match up? Watch a video recording of themselves. Ask their instructor for feedback. Ask a friend to watch them rehearse the speech and provide feedback. Rehearse in front of a mirror.
Watch a video recording of themselves.
Damian found this statistic while doing research for an upcoming presentation: "According to the survey, 77 percent of the public favor incremental increases to the Medicare program." What question should he find the answer to before including this statistic in his presentation? Is the data likely to change in the next few years? Does the statistic support or contradict his position? Will the audience already be familiar with this information? Who was the survey sent to?
Who was the survey sent to?
Margo is reading an online story about the potential health benefits of multivitamins. What key question should she ask in order to determine whether it is from a reliable source? How many people contributed to the story? Who wrote the story? Where was the story published? Does the story appear on the first page of Google's search results?
Who wrote the story?
What question should a speaker ask themselves when deciding whether to use a prop as a presentation aid? Can my presentation software handle this presentation aid? Will the audience be able to see it? Will this show the relationship between facts? Will I have Internet access during my presentation?
Will the audience be able to see it?
Clifton gives an informative speech for his speech class. He speaks more slowly during serious portions, modulates his voice, pauses frequently between points, and avoids the use of verbal fillers. What feedback is his speech professor MOST likely to give about Clifton's speech? Work in the occasional verbal filler to help connect with the audience. Try to increase your rate when discussing serious points to drive home the seriousness of the situation. Avoid modulating your voice when you speak. Work to reduce the number of pauses in your speaking.
Work to reduce the number of pauses in your speaking.
Hiro plans to give a short speech at a going-away party for a friend. He begins by thanking everyone for coming to send off their dear friend. Which attention getter has Hiro used? quotation visualization rhetorical question acknowledgment of the speaking situation
acknowledgment of the speaking situation
Speeches that make claims beyond the reach of common knowledge are more credible when they: are accompanied by visual aids. appear to have been researched. use technical language. are short and to the point.
appear to have been researched.
Much like laugh tracks on sitcoms, presentation aids should: be unobtrusive. be continually present. demand the audience's focus. offset poorly developed content.
be unobtrusive.
Establishing credibility in the introduction is meant to either directly or indirectly say that the speaker: has a positive disposition toward the audience. can be trusted. understand the speaking situation. acknowledge the speaking situation.
can be trusted.
Techniques and tips on what type of speaking apply more directly to social and political advocacy than do the techniques of persuasion?
celebratory
In saying that social movements are often characterized as "uninstitutionalized," Herbert W. Simons means that social movements are: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. characterized as "outside the mainstream." not supported by those associated with formal institutions. led by individuals who are not part of any formal institution. lacking in power because they are not part of any institution with real power.
characterized as "outside the mainstream."
When a speaker knowingly points to a specific statistic that confirms their position while ignoring data that contradicts it, they are "cherry-picking"
cherry-picking
Some scholars have linked a decline in voting behavior to a larger erosion of:
civility.
Which type of transitions should a speaker use when giving any speech? clear subtle enumerated laborious
clear
Speaker preparation is one of the best ways to: communicate goodwill to the audience. demonstrate credibility. avoid the need for attention getters. develop a positive disposition toward the audience.
communicate goodwill to the audience.
These meetings are designed to inform, so they are not usually characterized by conflict.
conflict resolution skills
A preference for something, including characteristics, beliefs, ideas, and values, that benefits the speaker or others unequally is called: testimony. contextual reasoning. hypothetical thinking. conscious bias.
conscious bias.
Davis shares a draft of his speech with his professor. The speech topic is rather controversial and makes claims beyond the reach of common knowledge. Additionally, the speech is based on a single source. What advice is the professor likely to give to help Davis improve the credibility of his speech? select a less controversial topic use a more conversational tone consult and reference more sources avoid making any claims beyond common knowledge
consult and reference more sources
The key to understanding what kind of supporting material is appropriate for a speech is knowing the context, a process that we will describe as contextual reasoning in this chapter
contextual reasoning
The primary function of an example is to: disclose potential bias to the audience. clearly articulate the speaker's main claim. create a mental image in the minds of audiences. provide concrete numerical data to support a claim.
create a mental image in the minds of audiences.
Creating handouts of slides can help a speaker: deal with technical failure. avoid turning their back on the audience. keep their audience from becoming distracted. establish rhythm in their presentation.
deal with technical failure.
Advocacy is almost always directed at which group?
decision-makers
Typically, the problem-solution pattern starts by: defining the solution. providing examples of failed solutions. describing the effects of the problem. defining the problem.
defining the problem.
Civilly disobedient forms of speech are permitted, and even encouraged, in most societies that are:
democratic.
Samantha is giving an informative speech that explains the process of making a potato battery. Which presentation aid would be MOST appropriate for her speech? pie charts line graphs diagrams audio clips
diagrams
Isaac is giving a speech at a formal fund-raising event for an animal shelter. He considers himself somewhat zany and wants to express his personality in how he dresses for the event. Which clothing or accessory choice would be appropriate? dress shoes with rhinestones on the top a tie with killer clowns on it a headband that creates the appearance of having cat ears a novelty baseball cap
dress shoes with rhinestones on the top
Enumeration concerns composing transitions for oral delivery and the creation of mental signposts, which are verbal indications of the direction the speech will take.
enumeration.
According to Aristotle, what is the key to engaging an audience? impression formation eunoia ethos visualization
eunoia
Examples are illustrations of a claim of fact or an opinion.
examples
Someone who is using descriptive representations to illustrate claims is using: graphs. examples. visual aids. charts.
examples.
Paulina periodically reviews videos of herself giving speeches to see how her gestures and expressions match up to her verbal message. Based on research, it would be expected that Paulina would: make fewer pronunciation errors compared with other speakers. experience reduced anxiety as a speaker. use more verbal fillers than those who do not do this. be prone to using forced gestures as a speaker.
experience reduced anxiety as a speaker.
Which testimony comes from a person who claims to be, or is widely acknowledged as, an authority on a particular topic? eyewitness expert lay declarations of faith
expert
Dennis is preparing to present an informative speech for his psychology class on bipolar disorder. What form of support is Dennis likely to depend on MOST? statistics testimony stories and narratives facts
facts
Marco is preparing a speech on music therapy. On which type of speech support should he focus? facts testimony statistics stories or narratives
facts
Which is NOT a type of testimony commonly used in speeches? hypothetical personal expert lay
hypothetical
A speaker who describes an imaginary scenario as part of a speech is using which type of speech support? personal experience hypothetical example lay testimony visual data
hypothetical example
These groups are leaderless, although leadership skills are necessary in every functioning group.
leadership skills
Speeches that include presentation aids are often: professional. monotonous. lively. factually accurate.
lively.
If meeting the eyes of a listener in the audience makes a speaker nervous, they can give the illusion of eye contact by: looking at the tops of people's heads. identifying a few people in the room who seem to be interested and making eye contact only with them. scanning. looking at the wall behind the audience.
looking at the tops of people's heads.
chap7 page 136
magical number
The final note of any speech is often the most: persuasive. repetitious. complex. memorable.
memorable.
Using an attention getter in the conclusion may make a speech: more memorable. unpleasantly repetitious. less persuasive. more understandable.
more memorable.
Dondrea decides to eliminate a certain presentation aid from her speech because she learned that the speaking location does not have the technology to display her computer screen onto a larger screen or monitor. What type of presentation aid did Dondrea eliminate? pictures data multimedia a prop
multimedia
If a speaker is giving a persuasive speech on the acting abilities of Chris Hemsworth, which would be the MOST effective aid? props pictures multimedia organizational chart
multimedia
Consciousness raising is about information; negotiation is not likely to occur in these meetings.
negotiation skills
It is always recommended to investigate a topic if the general speech purpose is to: persuade or inform. celebrate or entertain. inform or celebrate. persuade or celebrate
persuade or inform.
Advocacy primarily concerns a speaker's attempt to do what?
persuade others to care about an idea or issue
There is a cultural expectation that speeches should be: researched. pleasurable. controversial. brief.
researched.
What is one of the most effective ways for a speaker to reduce anxiety and cultivate goodwill with the audience? establishing credibility planning what to say employing persuasive speaking strategies choosing topics that are interesting to the audience
planning what to say
The final component of a speech introduction is the place or moment in which the speaker tells the audience what they will hear in the speech. This is called the: preview. thesis statement. internal summary. speech outline.
preview
One of the major reasons people speak publicly is in response to "problems"; therefore, this pattern of speechmaking is one of the primary patterns speakers use to persuade.
problem-solution
Which organizational pattern is associated with trying to convince audiences to do or think things they wouldn't otherwise do or think? historical arrangement temporal problem-solution rambling
problem-solution
Which organizational speech pattern is commonly used in persuasive speeches? temporal problem-solution spatial topical
problem-solution
Dale brings in a motorcycle helmet for his classroom speech on motorcycles. Which type of presentation aid is the helmet? prop data picture multimedia
prop
A speaker begins a speech on poetry by reciting a line from Robert Frost's famous poem, "The Road Not Taken." Which attention getter have they used? rhetorical question quotation acknowledgment of the speaking situation visualization
quotation
Nate attended a seminar that discussed multiple strategies for managing anxiety. Although he was attentive throughout the seminar, the next day, he remembers the last two strategies presented but can't recall the first few strategies presented. What explains the discrepancy in his memory? recency effect enumeration selective attention primacy effect
recency effect
In small meetings focused on consciousness raising, what communication principles and skills are MOST important?
small group discussion guidelines
Which term refers to a feeling of agreement or unity in a community about a belief, a cause, an event, or a proposed action? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. civility solidarity civil obedience cooperation
solidarity
Ideally, social movements aim to create a renewed sense of:
solidarity.
Which description applies to the topical speech pattern? first, next, last problem, effects, solution somewhat interchangeable order of topics cause, effect
somewhat interchangeable order of topics
When a speaker organizes the main points of a speech this way, they are attempting to help their audience visualize moving through a place (e.g., a building) or over an object.
spatial
Which organizational speech pattern will try to paint a mental picture of a specific object or space in the mind of an audience? topical cause and effect problem-solution spatial
spatial
Which describes what the speech will accomplish, such as "to persuade the audience"? main points outline thesis statement speech purpose
speech purpose
Which form of supporting material is always numbers based? examples testimony facts statistics
statistics
Which type of supporting data provides numerical facts or measurements about a large group or collection? personal experience expert testimony narratives statistics
statistics
Which are extended examples with a beginning, a middle, and an end? outlines stories timelines hypotheticals
stories
Temporal describes the arrangement of a series of events in the order in which they occurred.
temporal
In most parts of people's lives, the most common speech pattern is either spatial or: cause and effect. rambling. problem-solution. temporal.
temporal.
Testimony refers to the sharing of an individual's viewpoints, perspectives, or opinions.
testimony
A call to action asks the audience to do something specific.
the call to action.
In her speech, Laura plans to use the problem-solution organizational pattern to discuss why people should invest in a UV phone sanitizer to clean their cell phones and prevent the spread of germs. What should Laura discuss first? the fact that people can get sick from touching contaminated surfaces, such as their phones the fact that phones are infrequently cleaned and are often covered with germs the claim that a UV phone sanitizer is easy to use and effective at killing germs the claim that other solutions to clean phones are cumbersome or less effective
the fact that phones are infrequently cleaned and are often covered with germs
Which speech element helps frame how the audience will feel about the speaker? the conclusion the attention getter the body of the speech the introduction
the introduction
Before using a picture as a presentation aid, a speaker should determine whether: their presentation software can handle it. the picture is large enough for the audience to see. the picture shows the relationship between facts. Internet access will be available.
the picture is large enough for the audience to see.
The most efficient delivery device for the speech topic is the thesis statement, which is an expression of what the topic is and why the speaker is speaking about it.
the thesis
The speech topic is MOST efficiently delivered to the audience via: the call to action. internal summaries. enumeration. the thesis.
the thesis
In the speech introduction, which helps express to the audience the speaker's reason for speaking? thesis statement internal preview call to action attention getter
thesis statement
Which is the MOST efficient delivery device for a speech topic? thesis statement enumeration visualization quotation
thesis statement
With the introduction, the audience learns both why the speaker is speaking, as expressed in the thesis statement, and how they will speak toward this purpose, through a preview of the main points.
thesis statement
At what point in the problem-solution organizational pattern is the solution put forth? third fourth second first
third
Lataya is an aerospace engineer who plans to use the problem-solution organizational pattern to persuade her boss that they should change the wing design of their planes to fix the problem of limited speed. When should Lataya describe the different types of wing designs? first second third fourth
third
How many levels of abstraction should a speaker expect an audience to be able to understand? nine seven five three
three
According to communication studies professor and activist Bryan McCann, the way to continually motivate a group and reinforce its commitment is:
through public speaking.
When a speaker patterns a speech topically, they present their main points in respect to a series of topics, characteristics, parts, or types. This pattern can be used for a variety of speech purposes.
topical
One way to engage audiences and help them retain information from a speech is to: repeat all information in both verbal and visual form. make the aids the focus of the speech. use artistic language, such as rhyming. use a combination of audio and visual information.
use a combination of audio and visual information.
Seth is preparing text-based visual aids to use in his speech about the difference between critical thinking and creative thinking. When selecting a font for his aids, what is the BEST choice? using Calibri 36-point font for all of his visual aids using a mix of Helvetica, Arial, Calibri, and Gill Sans for different visual aids using Helvetica for aids about critical thinking and using a highly stylized font for aids related to creative thinking using Helvetica for all of his visual aids
using Helvetica for all of his visual aids
According to activist Bryan McCann, when trying to effect social change, it is important to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. avoid speaking to the media. vary the strategies of public engagement. target outsiders early. use civil disobedience frequently.
vary the strategies of public engagement.
Eunoia literally translates to mean what in the original Greek? community well mind others impression formation
well mind
A speaker is giving a speech about the style of music created by classical composer Antonín Dvořák. What part of the speech would be BEST supported with an audio clip? when discussing his childhood when discussing what his music sounds like when discussing his career as a composer when discussing his popularity over time
when discussing what his music sounds like
Lola is giving a speech about the need to preserve the beauty of Australian beaches. Which part of her speech would be BEST supported with pictures? when discussing the anticipated increase in water pollution over the next several decades when discussing the percentage of beachgoers who are tourists when defining how much money would be needed to address this issue when explaining the existing beauty of the beaches
when explaining the existing beauty of the beaches
In which scenario would a speaker need to complete in-depth research before giving a speech? when speaking to large groups when giving a toast at a wedding when presenting information that is controversial when accepting an award
when presenting information that is controversial
