Public Speaking Final

T/F A public speaker should avoid using transitions and internal previews together

False

T/F It is seldom acceptable to use peer testimony in a speech.

False

. __________ testimony is especially valuable in a speech because it adds the personal insight of people with firsthand experience on a topic.

Peer

In his speech about natural disasters, Paul included the following statement: Floods are psychologically as well as physically devastating. As one local flood victim told me, "It is a helpless feeling to see the water continue to rise—to see it wash away your home, to see it wash away your life. I just feel like giving up." What kind of supporting material did Paul use?

Peer Testimony

Problem-Solution order is most appropriate for organizing____

Persuasive

T/F Statistics are the most effective type of supporting material because they are difficult to manipulate or distort.

False

T/F The final step in practicing your speech delivery is to prepare your speaking outline.

False

When main ideas follow a directional pattern, they are in

Spatial Order

T/F Peer testimony is valuable because it gives a more personal and emotional viewpoint than can be gained from expert testimony.

True

T/F One of the main reasons to use examples in a speech is that they put abstract ideas into concrete terms that listeners can easily understand.

True

T/F Over the years linguists have concluded that no dialect is inherently better or worse than another dialect.

True

T/F The major advantage of statistics is that they give your ideas numerical precision

True

T/F The three basic types of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.

True

T/F The three major criteria against which to test documents located on the Internet are authorship, sponsorship, and recency.

True

T/F To be most effective in a speech, statistics need to be interpreted and explained in terms that are meaningful to the audience

True

T/F Using your own knowledge and experience in a speech can help bring the speech to life.

True

T/F When a speaker's body language is inconsistent with her or his words, listeners might believe the body language rather than the words.

True

T/F When conducting an Internet Search, you make your search terms as specific as possible

True

To paraphrase is to

Use someone else's words so you don't have to credit them

A speech that is fully prepared in advance but that is delivered from a brief set of notes or a speaking outline is called a(n) ______speech

extemporaneous

Nonverbal communication includes a speaker's

gestures. eye contact. rate of speech.

Good speech delivery

has a conversational quality does not call attention to itself

Saying "pas-ghetti" instead of "spaghetti" is an error in

pronunciation

The___ is the group that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the Internet.

Sponsoring Organization

Which of the following are recommended as tips for doing research?

Think about your materials as you research. Start researching your speech early.

T/F If you cannot identify the author of a document on the Web, you should try to determine the sponsoring organization for the document.

True

The search engine that makes it easy to find high-quality Web resources by combining internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data is known as a

Virtual Library

Using expert testimony is an excellent way to lend __________ to your speeches.

Credibility

T/F A faster rate of speech is usually called for when a speaker is explaining complex information.

False

T/F A speaker should almost always use words such as "quote" and "unquote" to let the audience know when the speaker is making a direct quotation.

False

Changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice are called

Inflections

Which of the following is an advantage of extemporaneous delivery?

It encourages a conversational quality in a speaker's delivery. It allows greater spontaneity than does speaking from a manuscript.

Which is recommended for preparing main points?

Keep main points clearly separate from one another

The library catalogue

Lists all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by the library. Provides abstracts of magazine, and newspaper articles. Allows a researcher to look for books by author, title, or subject.

Encyclopedias, yearbooks, biographical aids, and quotation books are all examples of

Reference Works

Here are the main points for an informative speech about the book To Kill a Mockingbird. I. To Kill a mockingbird was the first, and only, novel written by Harper Lee. II. To Kill a mocking bird won a Publitzer Prize for literature and became a modern classic. III. To kill a mocking bird has been banned by some public schools because of its themes

Topical

T/F Examples are particularly effective as supporting materials because they help get the audience involved in a speech.

True

T/F Experts advise that you use Internet research to supplement, not to replace, library research.

True

T/F How well a speech is organized affects how listeners view the speaker's competence and trustworthiness

True

T/F The impact of a speaker's words is strongly influence by her or his nonverbal communication

True

T/F When you reach the end of your speech, you should maintain eye contact with the audience for a moment after you finish talking.

True

T/F You need to make sure that the statistics you use in your speeches come from reliable sources

True

T/F Your most important task before conducting a research interview is to work out the questions you will asking during the interview.

True

When citing Internet documents during a speech, a speaker should usually identify the

author or sponsoring organization responsible for the document. Date on which the document was published, posted or updated

When you use statistics in a speech, you should

cite the source of your statistics. Get statistics from a reliable source

The study of bodily motion and gestures is part of a subject called

kinesics.

Communication based on a speaker's body and voice, rather than on the use of words, is called

nonverbal communication

If you hoped to convey to your audience the excitement of steering a kayak through a river rapids, you should probably

speak at a faster rate

The best rate of speech depends on the

vocal attributes of the speaker. mood the speaker is trying to create. composition of the audience.

T/F One of the advantages of speaking from a manuscript is that it frees a speaker from the need to establish eye contact with the audience

False

T/F Peer testimony is highly credible in a speech because it comes from people who are recognized experts on the topic

False

T/F Research has shown that examples have little effect on listeners' beliefs and actions.

False

T/F Research has shown that the more statistics you use, the more effective your speech is likely to be.

False

T/F When you locate an abstract of a magazine article, you should feel free to cite the article in your speech on the basis of the abstract alone.

False

T/F A manuscript speech is written out word for word and read to the audience.

True

T/F A virtual library is a search engine that combines Internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data.

True

T/F A well-timed pause is an effective way to give dramatic impact to a statement.

True

T/F An extemporaneous speech is carefully prepared and practiced in advance.

True

T/F Trying to memorize a speech is a good way to ensure that you'll communicate with your audience with conversational directness and sincerity.

False

T/F Unlike testimony, which can easily be quoted out of context, statistics are difficult to manipulate for biased purposes

False

T/F When citing information from an Internet document, it is usually sufficient for a speaker to say, "I found the following information on the Web."

False

T/F When conducting an interview, you are likely to offend the interviewee if you ask for clarification of an answer you don't understand.

False

T/F You should avoid using personal experience when writing a speech.

False

What is most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech?

It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many points

T/F A hypothetical example describes an imaginary or fictitious situation

True

T/F An impromptu speech is delivered with little or no immediate preparation.

True

T/F Audiences find well-organized speakers to be more credible than poorly organized

True

T/F Because they tell a story vividly and dramatically, extended examples are a good way to pull listeners into a speech.

True

T/F Hypothetical examples can be especially powerful as supporting materials when they create scenarios that involve the audience.

True

T/F If you can't find the date on which a Web document was created or last modified, you are better off looking for a different source.

True

T/F Pitch is the relative highness or lowness of the speaker's voice.

True

T/F Reference works include such items as encyclopedias, yearbooks, quotation books, and biographical aids

True

T/F Whenever you use a hypothetical example in a speech, it is usually a good idea to follow it with statistics or testimony to show that the example is realistic.

True

Forming particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly is called

articulation

Saying "dunno" instead of "don't know" is an error in

articulation

T/F The first step in rehearsing a speech is to practice in front of a mirror.

False

The ____ is the longest and most important part of the speech.

Body

Good speech delivery

sounds conversational even though it has been rehearsed

It is the ______ of your voice that reveals whether you are asking a question or making a statement, whether you are being sincere or sarcastic.

Inflection

Which of the following is recommended as a way to enhance the effectiveness of your examples?

Practice the delivery of your extended examples Make your examples vivid and richly textured

A soccer player herself, Jeannine is very concerned about the growing number of serious injuries at all levels of the sport. When the time came for her persuasive speech, she presented a speech with the following main points: I. In the past ten years serious soccer injuries have risen dramatically around players of all ages and skill levels. II. The best way to control this problem is through changes in rules and training. Jennine's main points were arranged in _____________ order.

Problem-Solution

The more __________ your examples, the greater impact they are likely to have.

Vivid

As part of the research for his informative speech, Malik needs brief life and career facts about German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The best kind of library reference source for him to consult would be a

Biographical Aid

Here are the main points for an informative speech about the history of chocolate I. Chocolate was originally used in Mexico as a drink by the Aztecs. II. Chocolate was introduced to Europe after the Spanish conquered the Aztecs III. Chocolate was first made into candy during the 1800s IV. Chocolate's popularity and uses continue to expand today. These main topics are arranged in _______________ order.

Chronological

When the main points of a speech follow a time pattern, they are organized in

Chronological Order

The most important task when preparing to conduct a research interview is

Devising questions to ask during the interview.

T/F A speech explaining steps involved in making bread from beginning to end would be arranged in spatial order

False

T/F Celebrities are especially qualified as sources for testimony because they are so well known.

False

T/F Documents on the Internet are carefully evaluated for accuracy and reliability before they are allowed to be posted.

False

T/F Good speech delivery should call attention to itself.

False

T/F If you say the "s" in Illinois or the "p" in pneumonia, you are making a mistake in articulation.

False

T/F If you use a tape recorder or a digital recorder in research interview, you should keep it secret from the person being interviewed.

False

T/F In the absence of a full magazine or journal article, you should cite the abstract of the article instead.

False

T/F It is seldom necessary to cite the source of statistics in a speech

False

T/F Speaking impromptu and speaking extemporaneously are essential alike.

False

T/F Speeches arranged in spatial order follow a time sequence

False

T/F The two basic types of supporting materials are facts and opinions.

False

Sandra is giving a presentation in her physics class and is worried about what she should do with her hands. Which of the following recommendations should she follow?

Focus on communicating, and your gestures will usually take care of themselves.

Which of the following is recommended for using hypothetical examples?

Follow them with statistics or testimony to show that they are not atypical.

What is advised regarding the use of gestures in a speech?

Gestures should be suited to the audience and occasion Gestures should appear natural and spontaneous.

How well a speech is organized likely will influence.

How clearly the audience understands the speech. How the audience views competence of the speaker. How confident the speaker feels about his or her delivery.

During her speech on malpractice insurance, the head of the local branch of the American Medical Association consistently avoided making eye contact with her audience. The audience was likely to perceive her as

Insincre

Which of the following questions should you ask about the sponsoring organization of an Internet documentation

Is the organization economically unbiased with respect to the issue? Is the organization objective in its research and fair-minded in its statements? Does the organization have a history of accuracy and nonpartisanship?

When is it appropriate to cite an abstract of a magazine or journal article in your speech rather than locating and reading the full article?

Never

The relative highness or lowness of sounds produced by the human voice is called

Pitch

Here are main points for a persuasive speech on low adult literacy. I. Low adult literacy has reached crisis proportions in the United States. II. Solving the problem requires action by government and individual citizens alike. These main points are arranged in ______ order.

Problem-Solution

Here are the main points for an informative speech about the anatomy of the human ear. I. The outer ear includes the ear flap and the ear canal. II. The middle ear includes the eardrum and three tiny, interconnected bones. III. The inner ear includes the cochlea, the semicircular canals, and the auditory nerve. These main points are arranged in _______ order

Spatial

Which Organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points. I. Caused by the bitter of infected mosquitoes, West Nile Virus has spread throughout the United States. II. The effects of West Nile virus include flu-like symptoms, convulsions, swelling of the brain, and, in some cases, death

Spatial

T/F Academic database are particularly useful for finding articles in scholarly journals

True

T/F In the United States, public speakers who establish strong eye contact are usually perceived as more credible than speakers who have weak eye contact.

True

T/F Most library catalogues allow a researcher to look for books by author, title, subject, or keyword.

True

T/F Most speeches should contain two to four main points

True

T/F No two people have exactly the same vocal characteristics

True

T/F Nonverbal communication is based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words.

True

T/F One advantage of using virtual libraries for speech research is that they contain only material that has been screened for quality and reliability.

True

T/F Pauses usually work best in a speech when they are planned in advance.

True

T/F Peer testimony is made up of opinions from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.

True

T/F Research has shown that the effect of examples is enhanced when they are combined with statistics that show the examples to be typical.

True

T/F Research shows that personal appearance affects the audience's perception of the speaker.

True

T/F Speeches arranged in chronological order follow a time pattern

True

T/F The following statement is an example of a transition: "Now that we've seen that binge drinking is. a serious problem for many student's Let's look at some ways to help curb the problem."

True

T/F Use visual aids to make statistics easier for listeners to comprehend

True

T/F When developing a speech, you should try to roughly balance the amount of time devoted to each main point

True

T/F You can articulate a word sharply and still mispronounce it.

True

T/F You can find a great deal of information on the Internet, but you cannot always find the same depth of research materials as in a good library.

True

"Uh", "er", "um" and similar expressions in a public speech are referred to as

disfluencies

Changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume are referred to as

vocal variety

Which of the following would probably be the most reliable source of testimony in a speech about successful dieting strategies?

A scientist studying weight-loss methods at the U.S. National Institutes of Health

A______ is a summary of a magazine or research article, written by someone other than the original author

Abstract

Colin wants to find scholarly research on eating disorders. The best place for him to look is in

Academic Databases

The library's catalogue allows you to search for books by

Author, Title, Keyword