Public Speaking Final
Breathing for speech
1. Lie flat on back 2. Place a moderately heavy hardbound book on stomach over navel 3. Begin breathing through mouth. Book should move. 4. Take book away and replace it with a hand. Stomach should continue to move up and down. 5. Try breathing the same way standing or sitting 6. Add sound.
Advantages of Extemporaneous Delivery
Allows more prep time that impromptu delivery Seems spontaneous, but it actually well prepared Enhanced speaker's ability to monitor and adapt to audience feedback Allows more eye contact and audience interaction than manuscript delivery Generates positive audience response
Advantages of Manuscript Delivery
Allows speaker to pay careful attention to all of the basic principles of effective speaking Facilitates choosing concise and eloquent language Eases speaker anxiety by having a "script" Allows speaker to rehearse the same presentation over and over Ensures accurate reporting of speech content
Disadvantages of Manuscript Delivery
Creates the potential for stilted and dull delivery Makes it difficult to maintain sufficient eye contact Allows limited gestures and movement May cause overly-formal language choices and may hinder oral style Makes it difficult to modify or adapt to the audience or situation
Components of physical delivery
Eye contact Facial expression Gestures Postures and movement
Advantage of Memorized Delivery
Incorporates the prep advantages of manuscript delivery and the delivery advantages of impromptu speaking Maximizes eye contact and freedom of movement
Disadvantages of Extemporaneous Delivery
Increases speaker anxiety in sections of the speech that are not covered by notes May cause language to be poorly chosen or ineloquent Makes speaking time difficult to estimate
Benefits of eye contact
Initiates and controls communication Enhances speaker credibility Provides feedback
Eye scan
Involves training your eyes to glance at a specific section of your notes or manuscript, to focus on a phrase or sentence, to look back up at your audience, and to speak.
Spice up speech
Repetition of words and sounds Alliteration- refers to beginning words placed close together with the same sound Resemblances- similes, metaphors, and analogies.
Disadvantages of Memorized Delivery
Requires extensive time to memorize May cause disaster if memory fails May sound stilted and insincere Makes it difficult to modify or adapt to the audience or situation
Vocal delivery tips for ESL speakers
Study and practice Slow down Substitute Listen to good speakers Ask for feedback Practice
Build oral language power
Use an oral style Use more personal pronouns Spice up your speech Strive for eloquence
Fluency
ability to speak smoothly without tripping over words or pausing at awkward moments.
Gestures
body movement that conveys or reinforces a thought, an intention, or an emotion. Can clarify and support words, help relieve nervous tension, and arouse audience attention
Analogies
compare similar things or dissimilar things
Articulation
describes how clearly you make the sounds in the words of a language.
Strive for eloquence
eloquence- the ability to phrase thoughts or feelings in a way that makes them crystal clear and memorable.
Eye contact
establishing and maintaining direct visual links with individual members of your audience
Posture and movement
how you stand and move and whether your movements add to or detract from your presentation.
Use more personal pronouns
put the word "you" in presentation and that helps establish connection with audience "I", "me", and "my" can enhance credibility "We", "us", and "ours" intensify the connection between speaker and audience
Pronunciation
refers to whether or not you say a word correctly
Facial expression
smile! audience will pay attention to the expressions on your face.
Accents and dialects
sound of one language imposed on another
Use an oral style
speak the way you talk uses shorter words and sentences less formal than written style and can include incomplete sentences and colloquial expressions
