Public Speaking Final
In general, how many main points should be identified, and why should a speaker limit the number of main points?
two-three. Because the audience would have trouble sorting them out
What must a speaker do to be audience-centered?
Ask 'To whom am I speaking?' 'What do I want them to know?' and 'What is the most affective delivery?'
What criteria should be used when evaluating the reliability of internet research?
Authorship Sponsorship Recency
What are the benefits of using visual aids in a speech?
People find speaker's message more interesting, grasp it more easily, and retain it longer. An average speaker will come across as better prepared, more credible, and more professional than another speaker who does not use a visual aid. Visual aids can help you combat stage fright. They heighten audience interest, shift attention away from the speaker, and give the speaker more confidence.
What are the aspects of the body which a speaker can control, and what meanings are conveyed by these aspects?
Personal appearance Movement Gestures Eye contact
How is public speaking similar, and how is public speaking different from conversation?
*Similar* 1. Organizing your thoughts logically. 2.Tailoring your message to your audience. 3. Telling a story for maximum impact 4. Adapting to listener feedback *Different* 1. Public speaking is more highly structured 2.Public speaking requires more formal language 3.Public speaking requires a different method of delivery
Understand the 5 steps of Monroe's Motivated Sequence, persuasive speech organization pattern.
1. Attention 2. Need 3. Satisfaction (Solution) 4.Visualization 5. Action
How can a speaker enhance credibility?
1. Explain your competence 2. Establish common ground with your audience 3.Deliver your speeches fluently, expressively, and with conviction
Understand the four main objectives of a speech introduction.
1. Get the attention and interest of your audience 2.Reveal the topic of your speech 3.Establish your credibility and goodwill 4.Preview the body of the speech
Understand the two main functions of the conclusion.
1. Let the audience know you are ending speech 2.to reinforce audiences understanding of the topic
What guidelines must a speaker follow for ethical speaking?
1. Make sure your goals are ethically sound 2.Be fully prepared for each speech 3. Be honest in what you say 4. Avoid name calling and other forms of abusive language 5. Put ethical principles into practice
What are the guidelines which will assist in designing and using visual aids effectively?
1. Prepare visual aids well in advance 2. Keep visual aids simple 3.Make sure visual aids are large enough 4. Use a limited amount of text 5. Use fonts effectively 6. Use color effectively 7. Use images strategically
Understand the 4 basic methods of speech delivery.
1. Reading verbatim 2. Reciting a memorized text 3. Speaking impromptu 4. Speaking extemporaneously
What techniques may be used to gain the audience's attention in the introduction?
1. Relate the topic to the audience 2. State the importance of your topic 3. Startle the audience 4. Arouse the curiosity of the audience 5. Question the audience 6. Begin with a quotation 7. Tell a story
What techniques may be used to provide closure in the speech conclusion?
1. Signal the end of the speech 2. Reinforce the central idea 3. Summarize your speech 4. End with a quotation 5. Make a dramatic Statement
What is a speech central idea?
A one sentence statement that sums up or encloses major ideas of the speech
What is a speech specific purpose statement?
A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech
What are examples and why are they useful in a speech?
A specific cause used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like. With examples, ideas become specific, personal, and lively.
What is the goal of an informative speech, and what are four types of informative speeches?
A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding. 1. Speeches about objects 2. Speeches about processes 3.Speeches about events 4. Speeches about concepts
Feeling nervous prior to a presentation is normal, however what should a speaker do manage nerves so they do not have a negative impact?
Acquire speaking experience Prepare Think Positively Visualization Know that nervousness is not visible Don't expect perfection
What characteristics of an audience must be considered when creating a presentation which best meets their needs and interests?
Age Gender Religion Sexual Orientation Racial, ethnic, and cultural background Group Membership
When organizing an informative speech, what are the 3 main parts?
An introduction, Body, and Conclusion
What are oral citations and what is the benefit of using them in a speech?
Citing where you found your information orally. It shows the audience that the information is credible/up to date.
What does it mean to use language that is clear, use language that is vivid, language that is appropriate, and language that is inclusive?
Clear language- immediately comprehensible, no vhance of misunderstanding Vivid language- interesting/animated language (imagery + rhythm) Appropriate language- language that fits the occasion Inclusive language- Language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, and sexual orientation
What are the 2 main factors of credibility?
Competence - how an audience regards a speaker's intelligence Character- how an audience regards a speaker's sincerity or trustworthiness
What is the goal of a persuasive speech?
Creating, reinforcing, or changing a persons beliefs or actions
What are the advantages of using PowerPoint in a presentation?
Enhance your ideas + same answer as number 35
What is expert and peer testimony, and how can they be used effectively in a speech?
Expert-testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields. (Citing the views of people who are experts will lead to credibility In your speech) Peer-testimony from ordinary people with first hand experience or insight on a topic. (gives more personal viewpoint to your speech
What is the first thing a speaker needs to do in the introduction?
Get the attention and interest of the audience
What are the two tasks to accomplish in the conclusion of your speech?
Let the audience know you are about to finish and reinforce your central idea
What are the causes of poor listening?
Not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivery and personal appearance
What is recommended for rehearsing your speech?
Speaking it out loud, even if you mess up keep going. Rehearse with live audience
What are statistics and how can they be effectively used in a speech?
Statistics are numerical data. To clarify and support ideas
How can you improve your listening skills?
Take listening seriously Be an active listener Resist distractions Don't be diverted by appearance or delivery Suspend judgement Focus on listening Listen for main points Listen for evidence Listen for technique Develop note taking skills
What does it mean to speak extemporaneously?
The careful preparation and structure of a manuscript presentation with the spontaneity and enthusiasm of an unrehearsed talk
What are supporting points?
The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.
What is the purpose of a preparation outline, and what are the guidelines for an effective preparation outline?
To help you prepare a speech 1. State the specific purpose of your speech 2. Identify the central idea 3. Label the introduction, Body, and Conclusion 4. Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation 5. State main points and subpoints in full sentences 6. Label transitions, Internal summaries, and Internal Previews 7. Attach a Bibliography 8. Give your speech a title, if one is desired
What is plagiarism? And, what is the difference between global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, and incremental plagiarism?
To present another person's language or ideas as your own . Global plagiarism is stealing your speech entirely from another source and passing it off as your own. Patchwork plagiarism- Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing it off as your own
What does it mean to paraphrase ideas?
To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words
What is the purpose of a speech transition?
To show the audience of the thought just completed, as well as reveal the thought about to be developed
What is the purpose of a speaking outline, and what are the guidelines for an effective speaking outline?
Used to jog speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech. 1. Follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline 2. Make sure the outline is legible 3. Keep the outline as brief as possible 4.Give yourself cues for delivering the speech
Understand the aspects of voice which a speaker can control?
Volume Pitch Rate Pauses Vocal Variety Pronunciation Articulation Dialect