Public Speaking Midterm

B. Specialized Research Resources

Virtual libraries government resources wikepedia

1. Virtual Libraries

a Virtual libraries are search engines that combine internet technology with traditional library methods of assessing data.

a. Best known collection of quotation books:

Bartlett's Familiar Quotations

b. Two of the most valuable yearbooks:

Facts on File and World Almanac and Book of Facts.

4. Decide Whether to Record the Interview

a. Advantage of recording the interview is that it gives you an exact record you can check back later for direct quotes and important facts. b. Even if you record it, you should still take notes. c. Never record a conversation without knowledge of the one being recorded. It is unethical.

D. Newspaper and Periodical Databases

a. Allow you to locate articles in publications like New York Times b. Type subject into search box and citations for articles on the subject will appear. c. May get abstract instead of full article. d. Abstract is only a summary. e. Never cite an article in your speech using abstract only.

2. Decide Whom to Interview

a. Best to go to the 'leaders' first. b. They can give you more specific information or point you in the right direction.

for doing research, Make A Preliminary Bibliography

a. Enter each item (magazine, article, website) you find in a preliminary bibliography even if you might not use it. b. Two major formats of citations: MLA (Modern Language Association, or APA, American Psychological Association.

2. Government Resources

a. Great strengths of internet is access to government documents and publications.

3. Recency

a. Internet usually has more recent information. c. Once you know the date, you can determine if it's good enough for your speech. e. If you can't find when the document was created or last modified, use a different more recent work.

3. Arrange the Interview

a. It is better to schedule an interview in person because it is easier to brush off a person on the telephone or by email.

E. Academic Databases

a. Make journals available to you from scientists and researchers.

3. Wikipedia

a. More than 4.5 million articles in English b. Biggest encyclopedia in human history. c. Reliability wasn't good several years ago, but is comparing favorably with printed encyclopedias now. d. It is a good place to start learning about a topic, but not a good place to end. e. Major articles are followed by extensive set of additional resources.

2. Sponsorship

a. Must judge whether the sponsoring organization is important enough to cite in speech. b. Don't let fancy sounding names make you believe in credibility c. If you can't find credentials or identity of an author don't use the document.

4. Biographical Aids

a. Need information about people in the news, use reference works that contain brief life and career facts.

2. Yearbooks

a. Published annually

5. Prepare Your Questions

a. Questions that you will ask should be sensible, intelligent, and meaningful. b. Avoid questions that you can answer without the interview from research. c. Avoid leading questions like opinions. d. Avoid hostile, loaded questions. e. Make sure to have a list with questions arranged on it for the interview.

A. Search Engines

a. The key to finding materials on the Internet. b. Develop a search strategy that will allow precise information for speech. c. Or try typing a question into the search box. d. You will have to adjust search terms depending on subject and material needed.

1. Encyclopedias

a. There are special encyclopedias that cover only a specific field.

f. Three major databases of most libraries:

ProQuest, LexisNexis Academic, World News Digest.

D. Think About Your Materials as You Research

a. When learning more about your topic, you will formulate a central idea, begin to sketch out main points and supporting points, and experiment with ways of organizing your thoughts. b. Speech preparation should give you new insights into your topic, but not necessarily reverse your opinion.

1. Authorship

a. You should not cite an electronic work without the author and the credentials of the author. b. If author is not found, look for author's homepage or another site for the author's credentials. c. If the author is an accepted authority on the subject, searching the name on Google will typically bring up credentials.

1. Define the Purpose of the Interview

a. You've done research about your topic, now the only way to get answers is to interview someone associated with the topic.

C. Evaluating Internet Documents

authorship sponsorship recency

3. Quotation Books

b. Indispensable source for speakers and writers

The catalogue let's you know if

book is available or checked out.

The catalogue lists all

books, periodicals, and other resources owned by the library.

Key to finding the book on the shelves is the

call number.

A. Before the Interview

define the purpose of the interview decide whom to interview arrange the interview decide whether to record the interview prepare your questions

b. Major kinds of reference work for speeches:

encyclopedias, yearbooks, quotation books, and biographical aids.

b. Librarians are experts in their field. Trained in

library use and research

b. Best way to determine recency on the internet is to

look for a copyright date, publication date, or date of last revision.

a. Reference works kept in

reference section

tips for doing research

start early make a preliminary bibliography take notes efficiently

d. Recency is especially important with

statistics.

B. During the Interview

1. Dress Appropriately and Be on Time a. Show up on time and dress appropriately to show that you regard the interview as important. 2. Repeat the Purpose of the Interview a. Before starting the questions, restate the purpose. 3. Set Up the Recorder, if You Are Using One a. The recorder should be as casual and inconspicuous as possible. 4. Keep the Interview on Track a. Goal is to get answers. b. Pursue new leads when they appear, but make sure to stay on track. 5. Listen Carefully a. When you don't understand an answer, ask for clarification. 6. Don't Overstay Your Welcome a. Keep within stipulated time period. b. Be sure to thank interviewee

C. After the Interview

1. Review Your Notes as Soon as Possible a. Make sure to review your notes so that they don't become hazy and not understandable. b. Concentrate on the main point and specific information. 2. Transcribe Your Notes a. Once most important ideas are settled, transcribe material in the same format as the rest of the research notes.

for doing research, C. Take Notes Efficiently

1. Take Plenty of Notes a. If there is a remote chance you might need a piece of information, make notes. 2. Record Notes in a Consistent Format a. Use the same format for all research notes. b. In each case, record the note, the source of the note, and a heading indicating the subject. c. Subject headings are important in note taking. 3. Make a Separate Entry for Each Note a. Don't try to put all your information on a single note; make separate notes for each bit of information you record. b. This allows you to keep better track of your research. 4. Distinguish Among Direct Quotations, Paraphrases, and Your Own Ideas a. Be sure to use quotation marks whenever you copy words exactly from the source. b. If you paraphrase don't forget to include the source. c. This will help to avoid inadvertent plagiarism.