pysc exam 3

On average, an infant can build a tower of two cubes by:

14 months of age.

Which statement about motivation and sexual behavior is TRUE?

As one moves up the evolutionary scale, sexual behavior is more subject to learning and environmental influences.

_____ proposed the social cognitive perspective.

Bandura

Finkel described eight lovehacks, some of which address weaknesses in a relationship and some of which build on existing relationship strengths. Which of these lovehacks is one that both addresses a weakness and builds on strength?

change your attributions

When Nikola's wife does something nice, Nikola makes an effort to think how nice she is, instead of assuming she must be trying to get something from him. Which lovehack is Nikola using?

change your attributions

Six-month-old Riley will be maximally sensitive to influences in her environment during _____ periods in her development.

critical

Jameson is a psychology major and is applying to graduate school. His primary interest has to do with the behavior of children from birth to high school. He would like to study how children change through their interactions with their parents. Jameson should consider applying to graduate programs in:

developmental psychology.

Marjorie is a psychology major and is applying to graduate programs. Her primary interest has to do with lifespan growth, including all the biological, environmental, social, cultural, and behavioral factors involved in the trajectory of the lifespan. Marjorie should apply to graduate programs in:

developmental psychology.

According to psychologist _____, many modern partnerships reflect an "all-or-nothing marriage."

Eli Finkel

The new field of study that focuses on the mechanisms that regulate gene expression is called "_____."

Epigenetics

Which of these is an accurate statement about the motivation of sexual behavior?

In most animals, it is biologically determined and triggered by hormonal changes in the female.

When asked to describe her children, Ms. Myers replies that Pat is very "nurturing" and Lee is very "assertive." Based on research on demonstrated gender differences, it is MOST likely that:

Pat is a girl and Lee is a boy.

Which of these statements is MOST accurate regarding tolerance of gender diversity in today's society?

Today's culture is more tolerant than it used to be.

In considering personality, humanistic psychologists emphasized:

a positive and optimistic view that highlights inherent goodness and personal growth.

Malik, who attends college in Indiana, is participating in a summer program in Spain. Although he has taken several years of Spanish in high school and college he notices after a month in Spain that he is no longer cognitively translating Spanish to English but he is now thinking is Spanish. According to Piaget, Malik is demonstrating:

accommodation.

Jabilo is a man who is sexually and romantically attracted to both men and women. Jabilo is:

bisexual

It is now six weeks since Jennifer conceived. The human organism she is carrying is called a(n) "_____"; by the third month, it will be called a(n) "_____."

embryo; fetus

Psychologists refer to attachment as:

emotional bonds, usually between an infant and a caretaker.

New insight into how _____ affects gene expression and phenotype has come from the field of _____.

environment; epigenetics

The sequence of the stages of the human sexual response cycle is:

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

A pregnant mother's use of alcohol can cause _____ alcohol spectrum disorders.

fetal

Due to complications from diabetes, Molly's pregnancy had to be terminated during the third month in order to save her life. In what stage of prenatal development did she have the termination?

fetal

Extensive research on the human sexual response has revealed that there are _____ stages.

four

Which couples has research shown are MORE likely to naturally use the tactics promoted by Finkel's lovehacks?

gay and lesbian couples

_____ is the dimension of masculinity and femininity based on social, cultural, and psychological characteristics.

gender

Monica is presenting a paper to her class on the behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as either masculine or feminine in a given culture. The topic of Monica's paper is:

gender roles

Catherine and Elijah are playing together when Catherine starts playing with one of Elijah's trucks. Elijah says to Catherine, "Give me my truck back. Trucks are for boys!" Elijah's statement reflects the "gender lenses" through which he sees the world. Sandra Bem called this "_____."

gender schema theory

Tanya expresses that she is sexually attracted to women. What about herself is Tanya sharing?

her sexual orientation

Research by Jerome Kagan (2004) suggests that an infant who tends to frighten easily, is tense, and is inhibited when faced with new experiences can be characterized as a _____ infant.

high-reactive

The humanistic perspective fails to appreciate:

human capacity for evil

Maria is doing research on _____ personality theories and finds that they strongly oppose Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory. She also discovers that it emphasizes patients' conscious understanding of themselves and that Carl Rogers was a leading proponent of this perspective.

humanistic

Harriett describes her gender identity as female but with a sexual orientation toward other women. This example illustrates that these two concepts are:

independent of one another.

The idea that cognitive development involves continuous change over the lifespan, rather than the series of distinct stages that Piaget proposed, is called the "_____ model" of cognitive development.

information-processing

Faith is typically very shy and does not like to be the center of attention. A therapist who takes the humanistic approach to personality might suggest that Faith is introverted because she:

is struggling with her self-concept and finding her path toward personal growth.

The most immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of:

locating the source of nourishment.

Gina is transgender, which means she:

may be either homosexual or heterosexual

Bethany is a two-year-old girl, and she seems to enjoy acting like she is washing dishes while her mother does the same. According to social learning theory of gender-role development, Bethany is learning gender-appropriate behavior through:

modeling

Dr. Wiley studies the interaction between heredity and environment, which he calls the "_____ issue" when he lectures to his students.

nature-nurture

The structure that will eventually become a brain and is about a quarter-inch long at seven weeks into a pregnancy is called the "_____."

neural tube

When Finn's mother took his stuffed monkey and put it in his bedroom, Finn went to search for it, suggesting that he has developed:

object permanence.

During the shortest phase of the sexual response cycle, _____, blood pressure and heart rate reach their peak.

orgasm

Xiomara had surgery last year and has since noticed a marked decrease in sexual interest. Her doctor notices that her testosterone levels are very low and attributes this to the surgery, in which her _____ was(were) removed.

ovaries

Unlike the behavioral approach, social cognitive personality researchers believe that _____ the environment influence(s) personality.

perceptions of

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments, which BEST illustrates:

reciprocal determinism.

Shelly was often rejected by her parents. As a result, she mistrusts other people and treats them with hostility, which leads to their rejection of her. This cycle of rejection, mistrust, hostility, and further rejection illustrates what Bandura called:

reciprocal determinism.

Ms. Thomas's baby turns his left cheek toward his mother and opens his mouth every time Ms. Thomas touches that cheek. This reflex that Ms. Thomas has triggered is known as the "_____ reflex."

rooting

A mental framework for organizing information about gender is called a "gender _____."

schema

Three-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room while his mother is in the room. However, if she briefly leaves the room and then returns, he will return periodically to her side for brief moments. Adam MOST clearly displays signs of:

secure attachment.

When Geri is asked how she would describe herself, she replies, "gentle, generous, and sometimes impatient." According to Carl Rogers, the set of perceptions and beliefs that Geri has about herself are part of her:

self concept

The humanistic perspective is to the social cognitive perspective as _____ is to _____.

self-actualization; reciprocal determinism

Infants who explore their environment using their eyes, mouths, and fingers are in which stage of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget?

sensorimotor

Biology is to culture as _____ is to _____.

sex, gender

David is sexually aroused by members of the opposite sex. This preference would indicate that David's _____ is heterosexual.

sexual orientation

It has become apparent to Mr. and Ms. Tsu that their baby has a low-activity level, tends to withdraw from new situations and people, and adapts to new experiences very gradually. Their baby would be classified as a(n) _____ baby.

slow-to-warm-up

Kelly is five years old and has a good imagination. Recently, for example, she used a discarded box as a make-believe castle and made up a very interesting dialogue between the king and queen of her castle. Kelly is using:

symbolic thought.

Your neighbor is five months pregnant and still smoking about a pack a day. She may be unaware that nicotine is a(n) _____ for her fetus.

teratogen

At two days old, infants preferred _____ than of women they did not know.

their mother's smell

Geraldo and Jennifer are having a play date. Of the toys presented to them, Geraldo shows preference for the balls and blocks. Jennifer shows preference for the dolls and art activities. It is likely that Geraldo and Jennifer have reached age:

three.

It is usually between the ages of _____ and _____ that children can identify themselves and other children as boys or girls.

two; three

The basic sequence of motor skill development:

universal