pysch 10
Stressors that are ______ tend to have the greatest impact on health. a. unpredictable and uncontrollable b. predictable and controllable c. unpredictable and ambiguous d. predictable and uncontrollable
a. unpredictable and uncontrollable
Which life event is associated with the highest stress rating on the College Life Stress Inventory? a. flunking a class b. death of a family member c. being raped d. concerns about being pregnant or your partner being pregnant
a. flunking a class
All of the following sexually transmitted diseases can be treated with antibiotics EXCEPT a. genital warts. b. gonorrhea. c. syphilis. d. nongonococcal urethritis.
a. genital warts.
Compared to people with low self-efficacy, people with high self-efficacy a. have a tendency to view stressful situations more as challenges than as obstacles. b. are able to ignore stress. c. are more vulnerable to stress-related physical illness. d. are more susceptible to stress-related psychological illness.
a. have a tendency to view stressful situations more as challenges than as obstacles.
Todd has been "stressed-out" for so long that he has developed an ulcer. Todd must be in the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. a. exhaustion b. degeneration c. alarm d. resistance
a. exhaustion
Todd has been "stressed-out" for so long that he has developed an ulcer. Todd must be in the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. a. exhaustion b. degeneration c. resistance d. alarm
a. exhaustion
The most prominent risk factor for coronary heart disease is age. At which age does the risk of CHD begin to increase? a. 40 b. 25 c. 50 d. 20
a. 40
Melanoma accounts for ______ percent of skin cancers, and it claims approximately ______ lives in the United States every year. a. 5; 8,000 b. 5; 100,000 c. 75; 8,000 d. 5; 19,000
a. 5; 8,000
Regarding sexually transmitted diseases, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Approximately 20 times as many people are infected with HIV than HPV. b. HIV/AIDS is the most threatening sexually transmitted disease. c. Genital herpes is caused by a virus. d. Genital warts are caused by the human papilloma virus.
a. Approximately 20 times as many people are infected with HIV than HPV.
Courtney has a sexually transmitted disease that causes frequent and painful urination, as well as lower abdominal pain. She contracted the disease from an infected sexual partner. It is among the most common form of bacterial STD. Based on this case description, which STD does Courtney likely have? a. Chlamydia b. Gonorrhea c. Syphilis d. Genital herpes
a. Chlamydia
Other factors being equal, which person is MOST likely to suffer from the effects of stress? a. Claire, who has a type A personality. b. David, who has a strong social support network. c. Vanessa, who experiences stress that is controllable. d. Ruth, who experiences stress that is predictable.
a. Claire, who has a type A personality.
Dr. Judah Levine is a health psychologist. Thus, he might do which of the following? a. Help a mayor design a campaign to reduce teen smoking in his city. b. Research the effects of air pollution on people's lungs. c. Work in a school serving emotionally disturbed students. d. Consult with a corporation about which desk chairs would be least likely to cause backaches.
a. Help a mayor design a campaign to reduce teen smoking in his city.
Kendra takes the test of Type A personality in your text. Responding "yes" to which statement will increase her score on "Type A"? a. I tend to interrupt other people when they are talking. b. I am patient with people who are late for appointments with me. c. I tend to direct conversation to things that interest other people. d. I ignore work when I go on vacation.
a. I tend to interrupt other people when they are talking.
______ are specialized white blood cells that protect the body against disease-causing organisms. a. Lymphocytes b. Immunozoids c. Antigens d. Antibodies
a. Lymphocytes
Regarding psychological factors that buffer the effects of stress, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients. b. The mechanism through which social networks and sociability affect vulnerability to illness remains to be determined. c. Psychological hardiness among undergraduates is linked to higher academic achievement. d. Psychologists believe that optimism can be learned.
a. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients.
Regarding psychological factors that buffer the effects of stress, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients. b. The mechanism through which social networks and sociability affect vulnerability to illness remains to be determined. c. Psychologists believe that optimism can be learned. d. Psychological hardiness among undergraduates is linked to higher academic achievement.
a. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients.
According to a survey by the APA reported in your text, what percentage of adult Americans suffer adverse health effects due to stress? a. Over 40% b. Under 5% c. 10 to 15% d. 20 to 25%
a. Over 40%
Which life event is associated with the highest stress rating on the College Life Stress Inventory? a. flunking a class b. concerns about being pregnant or your partner being pregnant c. being raped d. death of a family member
a. flunking a class
Regarding post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which of the following statements is FALSE? a. PTSD is found almost entirely in Western cultures. b. Social support can help bolster a person's ability to cope with stress. c. People with PTSD experience lingering problems, often for years after the traumatic event. d. PTSD is quite common among trauma survivors.
a. PTSD is found almost entirely in Western cultures.
Regarding the relationship between life events and stress, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The findings from a recent study discussed in the text show that life events clearly do have a causal effect on psychological and physical functioning. b. Both positive and negative life events have the potential to increase a person's experience of stress. c. Compared to life events, hassles occur more regularly and less unexpectedly. d. People who encounter a relatively greater number of life events are more likely to suffer psychological health problems.
a. The findings from a recent study discussed in the text show that life events clearly do have a causal effect on psychological and physical functioning.
Regarding the relationship between life events and stress, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The findings from a recent study discussed in the text show that life events clearly do have a causal effect on psychological and physical functioning. b. Both positive and negative life events have the potential to increase a person's experience of stress. c. Compared to life events, hassles occur more regularly and less unexpectedly. d. People who encounter a relatively greater number of life events are more likely to suffer psychological health problems
a. The findings from a recent study discussed in the text show that life events clearly do have a causal effect on psychological and physical functioning.
Regarding the relationship between life events and stress, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The findings from a recent study discussed in the text show that life events clearly do have a causal effect on psychological and physical functioning. b. People who encounter a relatively greater number of life events are more likely to suffer psychological health problems. c. Both positive and negative life events have the potential to increase a person's experience of stress. d. Compared to life events, hassles occur more regularly and less unexpectedly.
a. The findings from a recent study discussed in the text show that life events clearly do have a causal effect on psychological and physical functioning.
Which of the following statements is the best description of the relationship between life events and health problems? a. There is a small relationship between life events and health problems. b. Health problems cause life events. c. Life events increase health problems. d. There is no relationship between life events and health problems
a. There is a small relationship between life events and health problems.
Molly goes to live in Italy for three years. Molly feels a lot of pressure to adapt to the values, linguistic preferences, and customs of the Italian people. Molly may be described as at risk to experience a. acculturative stress. b. immigration stress. c. Type A behavior. d. multiple approach-avoidance conflict.
a. acculturative stress.
Molly goes to live in Italy for three years. Molly feels a lot of pressure to adapt to the values, linguistic preferences, and customs of the Italian people. Molly may be described as at risk to experience a. acculturative stress. b. multiple approach-avoidance conflict. c. Type A behavior. d. immigration stress.
a. acculturative stress.
Molly goes to live in Italy for three years. Molly feels a lot of pressure to adapt to the values, linguistic preferences, and customs of the Italian people. Molly may be described as at risk to experience a. acculturative stress. b. multiple approach-avoidance conflict. c. immigration stress. d. Type A behavior.
a. acculturative stress.
Henri has the opportunity to go to a party. His best friend from high school, whom Henri has not seen for five years, will be there. However, Henri's former girlfriend will also be there. They had a big fight recently and Henri still gets upset when he sees her. He is facing what sort of conflict? a. approach-avoidance b. multiple approach-avoidance c. avoidance-avoidance d. approach-approach
a. approach-avoidance
Which type of conflict will most likely cause feelings of ambivalence? a. approach-avoidance b. approach-approach c. frustration d. avoidance-avoidance
a. approach-avoidance
Which type of conflict will most likely cause feelings of ambivalence? a. approach-avoidance b. frustration c. avoidance-avoidance d. approach-approach
a. approach-avoidance
Seventy-five-year-old Louella tells her family she's been diagnosed with "hardening of the arteries." What is the scientific name for Luella's condition? a. arteriosclerosis b. artherosclerosis c. myocardial infarction d. diabetes
a. arteriosclerosis
Which life event is associated with the highest stress rating on the College Life Stress Inventory? a. being raped b. concerns about being pregnant or your partner being pregnant c. flunking a class d. death of a family member
a. being raped c. flunking a class
Roger is a heavy user of alcohol. Roger's alcohol consumption raises his risk for which type of cancer? a. cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus b. esophageal cancer c. cancer of the mouth d. cancer of the pharynx
a. cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus
Stress and physical illness are linked through the actions of a. corticosteroids. b. insulin. c. corticotrophin-releasing hormones. d. antigens.
a. corticosteroids.
Chan experiences emotional distress. Which psychological disorders might Chan most likely be experiencing? a. depression and anxiety b. anxiety and schizophrenia c. personality disorder and depression d. schizophrenia and personality disorder
a. depression and anxiety
Chan experiences emotional distress. Which psychological disorders might Chan most likely be experiencing? a. depression and anxiety b. personality disorder and depression c. schizophrenia and personality disorder d. anxiety and schizophrenia
a. depression and anxiety
Frankie is trying to maintain a tolerable level of stress. Your textbook states that he can do so by taking all of the following steps EXCEPT _____. a. have one or two drinks after dinner to aid relaxation and reduce the impact of daily hassles b. take frequent breaks c. follow a reasonable schedule d. develop more effective time management skills
a. have one or two drinks after dinner to aid relaxation and reduce the impact of daily hassles
Which option is most helpful for coping with stress? a. having a big social support network b. raising the level of cortisol in your bloodstream c. experiencing a positive major life event d. adopting a type A behavior pattern
a. having a big social support network
What is the branch of psychology that investigates the relationships between psychological variables and health? a. health psychology b. positive psychology c. clinical psychology d. biopsychology
a. health psychology
As discussed in the text, hostility is linked to increased risk of coronary heart disease because _____. a. hostile people are frequently angry, and chronic anger increases the risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease b. hostile people frequently vent their anger and frustration, and yelling or arguing with others increases blood pressure and the stress placed on the circulatory system c. hostile people frequently over-exert themselves in an effort to come out on top or to prove that their ideas and efforts are superior to those of others d. hostile people sometimes bottle their emotions and stifle emotional expressions, thereby causing an increase in heart rate and blood pressure
a. hostile people are frequently angry, and chronic anger increases the risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease
Which part of the brain coordinates the endocrine's system response to stress? a. hypothalamus b. medulla c. pituitary gland d. pineal gland
a. hypothalamus
In the stress response, _______ is to corticotrophin-releasing hormone as ______ is to adrenocorticotrophic hormone. a. hypothalamus; pituitary gland b. adrenal gland; pituitary gland c. pituitary gland; hypothalamus d. adrenal gland; hypothalamus
a. hypothalamus; pituitary gland
Based on your reading of the text, all but which of the following behaviors is recommended for cancer prevention? a. if using alcohol, limit consumption to 3 drinks per day for women and 4 drinks per day for men b. avoid use of tobacco c. get regular medical exams and follow cancer screening protocols d. limit unprotected exposure to the sun
a. if using alcohol, limit consumption to 3 drinks per day for women and 4 drinks per day for men
Basal cell carcinoma is the ______ common type of skin cancer, and it is ______ dangerous. a. most; the least b. most; the most c. least; the least d. least; the most
a. most; the least
Matilda is at a reception. The dinner choices are chicken and beef, her two favorite entrees. However, chicken sometimes upsets her stomach and the beef has a lot of saturated fat, which Matilda is trying to avoid for health reasons. She is facing what sort of conflict? a. multiple approach-avoidance b. approach-avoidance c. avoidance-avoidance d. approach-approach
a. multiple approach-avoidance
People with an external locus of control are _______ at coping with stress because they believe _______. a. poorer; there is nothing they can do about it b. better; they can control stressors c. better; there is nothing they can do about it d. poorer; they have to control everything
a. poorer; there is nothing they can do about it
High consumption of saturated fat is linked to what types of cancer? a. prostate and colorectal b. colorectal and breast c. skin and brain d. breast and skin
a. prostate and colorectal
Wynona is a Type A personality, and she is starting to experience physical problems as a result of stress. According to the text, Wynona should try all but which of the following? a. read career-related books for enjoyment b. set realistic daily goals c. engage in enjoyable activities d. do not take her computer on her vacation
a. read career-related books for enjoyment
All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT a. reduced arousal. b. impaired functioning. c. emotional numbing. d. reexperiencing the traumatic event.
a. reduced arousal.
All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT a. reduced arousal. b. impaired functioning. c. reexperiencing the traumatic event. d. emotional numbing.
a. reduced arousal.
As cited in the text, which of the following behavioral patterns doubles the risk of heart disease? a. sedentary lifestyle b. overwork c. diet d. Type A behavior pattern
a. sedentary lifestyle
According to data presented in your text, which factor(s) contributes to the highest number of deaths annually in the United States? a. smoking b. alcohol use c. poor diet and physical inactivity d. illicit drug use
a. smoking
Which of the following factor(s) contribute to more than half of all cancer diagnoses every year? a. smoking and diet b. heredity c. exposure to chemicals and viruses d. radiation
a. smoking and diet
Antibodies are ______ produced by the immune system. a. specialized protein molecules b. foreign agents in the body c. specialized white blood cells d. specialized red blood cells
a. specialized protein molecules
Sources of stress are called a. stressors. b. distress. c. anxieties. d. pressures.
a. stressors.
All but which of the following are sexually transmitted diseases caused by viruses? a. syphilis b. genital herpes c. genital warts d. hepatitis
a. syphilis
All but which of the following are considered psychological moderators of stress? a. type A behavior patterns b. self-efficacy c. optimism d. psychological hardiness
a. type A behavior patterns
Todd has been "stressed-out" for so long that he has developed an ulcer. Todd must be in the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. a. resistance b. exhaustion c. alarm d. degeneration
b. exhaustion
Psychological hardiness has ______ key traits, and they are ______. a. 2; predictability and control b. 3; commitment, openness to challenge, and internal locus of control c. 2; approach toward the positive and avoidance of the negative d. 2; social support and self-efficacy
b. 3; commitment, openness to challenge, and internal locus of control
The most prominent risk factor for coronary heart disease is age. At which age does the risk of CHD begin to increase? a. 25 b. 40 c. 20 d. 50
b. 40
Men are at greater risk than women for developing coronary heart disease until about what age? a. 80 b. 65 c. 40 d. 50
b. 65
Which of the following definitions best describes frustration? a. A state of tension resulting from the presence of multiple competing goals b. A negative emotional state that results when efforts to pursue a goal are blocked c. Pressure or demands placed upon an organism d. An internal state of psychological or physical pain
b. A negative emotional state that results when efforts to pursue a goal are blocked
Regarding sexually transmitted diseases, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. HIV/AIDS is the most threatening sexually transmitted disease. b. Approximately 20 times as many people are infected with HIV than HPV. c. Genital warts are caused by the human papilloma virus. d. Genital herpes is caused by a virus.
b. Approximately 20 times as many people are infected with HIV than HPV.
_____ is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion resulting from excessive job demands, caregiving, or other stress-laden commitments. a. Conflict b. Burnout c. Type A behavior pattern d. General adaptation syndrome
b. Burnout
_____ is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion resulting from excessive job demands, caregiving, or other stress-laden commitments. a. Type A behavior pattern b. Burnout c. General adaptation syndrome d. Conflict
b. Burnout
______ is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion resulting from excessive job demands, caregiving, or other stress-laden commitments. a. General adaptation syndrome b. Burnout c. Type A behavior pattern d. Conflict
b. Burnout
Courtney has a sexually transmitted disease that causes frequent and painful urination, as well as lower abdominal pain. She contracted the disease from an infected sexual partner. It is among the most common form of bacterial STD. Based on this case description, which STD does Courtney likely have? a. Genital herpes b. Chlamydia c. Syphilis d. Gonorrhea
b. Chlamydia
Which of the following best describes the role of social support in coping with stress? a. It is irrelevant to coping with stress. b. It has primarily positive effects in coping with stress. c. It has not been studied with regard to stress. d. It has positive and negative effects on response to stress.
b. It has primarily positive effects in coping with stress.
Regarding skin cancer, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Basal cell carcinomas account for about 5% of skin cancers. b. Melanoma is the least common type of skin cancer. c. Melanoma typically appears on the face. d. Despite the common belief, severe sunburns early in life are not linked to the risk of developing melanoma.
b. Melanoma is the least common type of skin cancer.
According to a survey by the APA reported in your text, what percentage of adult Americans suffer adverse health effects due to stress? a. 20 to 25% b. Over 40% c. 10 to 15% d. Under 5%
b. Over 40%
According to a survey by the APA reported in your text, what percentage of adult Americans suffer adverse health effects due to stress? a. 10 to 15% b. Over 40% c. 20 to 25% d. Under 5%
b. Over 40%
Regarding the relationship between life events and stress, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Compared to life events, hassles occur more regularly and less unexpectedly. b. The findings from a recent study discussed in the text show that life events clearly do have a causal effect on psychological and physical functioning. c. Both positive and negative life events have the potential to increase a person's experience of stress. d. People who encounter a relatively greater number of life events are more likely to suffer psychological health problems.
b. The findings from a recent study discussed in the text show that life events clearly do have a causal effect on psychological and physical functioning.
Regarding the relationship between life events and stress, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Both positive and negative life events have the potential to increase a person's experience of stress. b. The findings from a recent study discussed in the text show that life events clearly do have a causal effect on psychological and physical functioning. c. Compared to life events, hassles occur more regularly and less unexpectedly. d. People who encounter a relatively greater number of life events are more likely to suffer psychological health problems.
b. The findings from a recent study discussed in the text show that life events clearly do have a causal effect on psychological and physical functioning.
An approach-avoidance conflict is when someone faces a. two equally attractive goals that are mutually exclusive. b. a goal that is simultaneously attractive yet unpleasant. c. a goal with multiple unpleasant qualities. d. two equally unpleasant goals.
b. a goal that is simultaneously attractive yet unpleasant.
Persephone experiences the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome. What term best characterizes this experience? a. anticipation b. alarm c. frustration d. conflict
b. alarm
Seventy-five-year-old Louella tells her family she's been diagnosed with "hardening of the arteries." What is the scientific name for Luella's condition? a. myocardial infarction b. arteriosclerosis c. artherosclerosis d. diabetes
b. arteriosclerosis
Lisa is afraid of contracting an STD. Therefore, when having sex for the first time with her new partner, Bradley, she took several steps to protect herself. Unfortunately, she placed herself at risk when she a. inspected Bradley's sex organ for sores and blisters. b. asked Bradley to wear a natural condom. c. questioned Bradley about his personal background. d. asked Bradley to promise that theirs would be an exclusive relationship.
b. asked Bradley to wear a natural condom.
Narrowing of arteries due to a buildup of fatty deposits is called _____, while hardening of the arteries is called ______. a. myocardial infarction; heart attack b. atherosclerosis; arteriosclerosis c. coronary heart disease; myocardial infarction d. arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis
b. atherosclerosis; arteriosclerosis
Sarah is trying to learn how to relax. One approach she might try is a deep breathing exercise reported in your textbook. To apply this technique, Sarah needs to _____. a. use a biofeedback machine to monitor her breathing b. breathe only through her nose and take the same amount of time inhaling as exhaling c. talk with her doctor about possible side effects of deep relaxation d. take a class in Yoga and meditation
b. breathe only through her nose and take the same amount of time inhaling as exhaling
Joan is a nurse who also helps provide care for her aging parents. Lately Joan has been feeling apathetic toward her job. In addition, she has been having more headaches and sleep difficulties. Joan's condition is best described as a. conflict. b. burnout. c. psychological hardiness. d. hassles.
b. burnout.
Roger is a heavy user of alcohol. Roger's alcohol consumption raises his risk for which type of cancer? a. cancer of the mouth b. cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus c. cancer of the pharynx d. esophageal cancer
b. cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus
Roger is a heavy user of alcohol. Roger's alcohol consumption raises his risk for which type of cancer? a. cancer of the pharynx b. cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus c. cancer of the mouth d. esophageal cancer
b. cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus
Psychological hardiness is a a. cluster of personality traits associated with reduced resilience to stress. b. cluster of personality traits associated with increased resilience to stress. c. personality style susceptible to coronary heart disease. d. personality style characterized by hostility and impatience.
b. cluster of personality traits associated with increased resilience to stress.
People with Type A behavior are at greater risk of developing a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. coronary heart disease. c. diabetes. d. depression.
b. coronary heart disease.
People with Type A behavior are at greater risk of developing a. depression. b. coronary heart disease. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. diabetes.
b. coronary heart disease.
Xavier is under the demands of several stressors. Which hormones will help Xavier's body resist stress by making stored nutrients more available to meet the demands of his stressors? a. corticotrophin-releasing hormone b. corticosteroids c. norephinephrine and epinephrine d. adrenocorticotropic hormone
b. corticosteroids
Xavier is under the demands of several stressors. Which hormones will help Xavier's body resist stress by making stored nutrients more available to meet the demands of his stressors? a. norephinephrine and epinephrine b. corticosteroids c. corticotrophin-releasing hormone d. adrenocorticotropic hormone
b. corticosteroids
During a stress response, the adrenal cortex secretes a. norepinephrine. b. corticosteroids. c. the adrenocorticotrophic hormone. d. the corticotrophin-releasing hormone.
b. corticosteroids.
During a stress response, the adrenal cortex secretes a. the corticotrophin-releasing hormone. b. corticosteroids. c. norepinephrine. d. the adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
b. corticosteroids.
Benita was just in a car accident. Although her physical injuries are minor, her body mobilized for the stress response. Benita's adrenal glands have just released hormones known as the "stress hormones." Based on this description, what are these hormones? a. androgens b. epinephrine and norepinephrine c. corticotrophin-releasing hormones d. adrenocorticotrophic hormones
b. epinephrine and norepinephrine
All but which of the following factors help moderate the effects of acculturative stress? a. being proficient in the language b. experiencing fewer life events c. economic opportunities d. having a social network
b. experiencing fewer life events
All but which of the following serve as buffers against stress? a. social support b. external locus of control c. hardiness d. self-efficacy
b. external locus of control
All but which of the following would be considered hassles? a. coping with inclement weather b. flunking a class c. having a bunch of household chores to complete d. being stuck in a traffic jam
b. flunking a class
Which life event is associated with the highest stress rating on the College Life Stress Inventory? a. being raped b. flunking a class c. death of a family member d. concerns about being pregnant or your partner being pregnant
b. flunking a class
Psychologist Dr. James works in a field of psychology that studies the interrelationships between psychology and physical health. What is Dr. James's specialty? a. clinical psychology b. health psychology c. developmental psychology d. psychiatry
b. health psychology
What is the branch of psychology that investigates the relationships between psychological variables and health? a. clinical psychology b. health psychology c. biopsychology d. positive psychology
b. health psychology
Matilda is at a reception. The dinner choices are chicken and beef, her two favorite entrees. However, chicken sometimes upsets her stomach and the beef has a lot of saturated fat, which Matilda is trying to avoid for health reasons. She is facing what sort of conflict? a. avoidance-avoidance b. multiple approach-avoidance c. approach-approach d. approach-avoidance
b. multiple approach-avoidance
Which of the following best describes the psychological concept of self-efficacy? a. the ease with which one develops social support relationships b. one's belief that one is capable of accomplishing desired goals c. one's ideal self-image d. self-assessment of one's general abilities
b. one's belief that one is capable of accomplishing desired goals
During stress, corticotrophin-releasing hormone targets the ______, while adrenocorticotrophic hormone targets the _______. a. adrenal cortex; adrenal medulla b. pituitary gland; adrenal glands c. adrenal medulla; adrenal cortex d. hypothalamus; pituitary gland
b. pituitary gland; adrenal glands
People with an external locus of control are _______ at coping with stress because they believe _______. a. better; they can control stressors b. poorer; there is nothing they can do about it c. better; there is nothing they can do about it d. poorer; they have to control everything
b. poorer; there is nothing they can do about it
After being raped, Clarita develops a psychological disorder. Her symptoms include impaired functioning, heightened arousal, and nightmares of the rape. Based on this description, what is Clarita's disorder most likely to be? a. bipolar disorder b. post-traumatic stress disorder c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. generalized anxiety disorder
b. post-traumatic stress disorder
A psychological disorder characterized by maladaptive reactions to traumatic events or stressors is a. antisocial personality disorder. b. post-traumatic stress disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b. post-traumatic stress disorder.
Harriet was the recent victim of a mugging. Right now, her body is attempting to return to a normal biological state. Arousal is somewhat high, and Harriet exhibits anger and fatigue. Based on this description, in which stage of the GAS is Harriet? a. mobilization b. resistance c. recovery d. exhaustion
b. resistance
As cited in the text, which of the following behavioral patterns doubles the risk of heart disease? a. diet b. sedentary lifestyle c. Type A behavior pattern d. overwork
b. sedentary lifestyle
According to data presented in your text, which factor(s) contributes to the highest number of deaths annually in the United States? a. alcohol use b. smoking c. illicit drug use d. poor diet and physical inactivity
b. smoking
Which of the following factor(s) contribute to more than half of all cancer diagnoses every year? a. exposure to chemicals and viruses b. smoking and diet c. heredity d. radiation
b. smoking and diet
Pressures or demands placed on an organism to adjust or adapt to its environment describes a. sublimation. b. stress. c. disease. d. anxiety.
b. stress.
What is the response to stress that is possibly more characteristic of females than males? a. the SAM system b. tend and befriend c. fight or flight d. low lick groom
b. tend and befriend
The stress response is also known as a. posttraumatic stress disorder. b. the general adaptation syndrome. c. the Selye syndrome. d. the conflict conundrum.
b. the general adaptation syndrome.
Antonio is faced with a multiple approach-avoidance conflict. This means Antonio is facing a. two equally attractive goals that are mutually exclusive. b. two or more goals, each of which is simultaneously attractive yet unpleasant. c. a goal that is simultaneously attractive yet unpleasant. d. two equally unpleasant goals.
b. two or more goals, each of which is simultaneously attractive yet unpleasant.
All but which of the following are considered psychological moderators of stress? a. self-efficacy b. type A behavior patterns c. psychological hardiness d. optimism
b. type A behavior patterns
Generalizing from the College Life Stress Inventory, which college student is predicted to be experiencing the highest amount of stress? a. Carrie, who just got married b. Elaine, who just flunked a class c. Erin, who has just contracted genital herpes d. Jordan, who just started a new job
c. Erin, who has just contracted genital herpes
Psychological hardiness has ______ key traits, and they are ______. a. 2; approach toward the positive and avoidance of the negative b. 2; social support and self-efficacy c. 3; commitment, openness to challenge, and internal locus of control d. 2; predictability and control
c. 3; commitment, openness to challenge, and internal locus of control
Psychological hardiness has ______ key traits, and they are ______. a. 2; predictability and control b. 2; social support and self-efficacy c. 3; commitment, openness to challenge, and internal locus of control d. 2; approach toward the positive and avoidance of the negative
c. 3; commitment, openness to challenge, and internal locus of control
Psychological hardiness has ______ key traits, and they are ______. a. 2; social support and self-efficacy b. 2; approach toward the positive and avoidance of the negative c. 3; commitment, openness to challenge, and internal locus of control d. 2; predictability and control
c. 3; commitment, openness to challenge, and internal locus of control
Psychologists have identified ______ types of conflict, and they are called ______. a. 3; alarm, resistance, and exhaustion b. 2; frustration and aggression c. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance d. 3; stressors, hassles, and life events
c. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance
Psychologists have identified ______ types of conflict, and they are called ______. a. 3; alarm, resistance, and exhaustion b. 3; stressors, hassles, and life events c. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance d. 2; frustration and aggression
c. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance
Psychologists have identified ______ types of conflict, and they are called ______. a. 3; alarm, resistance, and exhaustion b. 2; frustration and aggression c. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance d. 3; stressors, hassles, and life events
c. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance
Psychologists have identified ______ types of conflict, and they are called ______. a. 3; stressors, hassles, and life events b. 3; alarm, resistance, and exhaustion c. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance d. 2; frustration and aggression
c. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance
______ is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion resulting from excessive job demands, caregiving, or other stress-laden commitments. a. Conflict b. General adaptation syndrome c. Burnout d. Type A behavior pattern
c. Burnout
Other factors being equal, which person is MOST likely to suffer from the effects of stress? a. Ruth experiences stress that is predictable. b. Vanessa experiences stress that is controllable. c. Claire has a low level of self-efficacy. d. David has a strong social support network.
c. Claire has a low level of self-efficacy.
Other factors being equal, which person is MOST likely to suffer from the effects of stress? a. Ruth experiences stress that is predictable. b. Vanessa experiences stress that is controllable. c. Claire has a low level of self-efficacy. d. David has a strong social support network.
c. Claire has a low level of self-efficacy.
Joan is a nurse who also helps provide care for her aging parents. Lately Joan has been feeling apathetic toward her job. In addition, she has been having more headaches and sleep difficulties. Joan's condition is best described as a. conflict. b. psychological hardiness. c. burnout. d. hassles.
c. burnout.
Answering "strongly agree" to which of the following statements will increase your score on the optimism quiz presented in your text? a. I hardly ever expect things to go my way. b. I rarely count on good things happening to me. c. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best. d. If something can go wrong for me, it will.
c. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best.
Answering "strongly agree" to which of the following statements will increase your score on the optimism quiz presented in your text? a. If something can go wrong for me, it will. b. I rarely count on good things happening to me. c. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best. d. I hardly ever expect things to go my way.
c. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best.
Which of the following best describes the role of social support in coping with stress? a. It is irrelevant to coping with stress. b. It has positive and negative effects on response to stress. c. It has primarily positive effects in coping with stress. d. It has not been studied with regard to stress.
c. It has primarily positive effects in coping with stress.
Regarding skin cancer, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Despite the common belief, severe sunburns early in life are not linked to the risk of developing melanoma. b. Melanoma typically appears on the face. c. Melanoma is the least common type of skin cancer. d. Basal cell carcinomas account for about 5% of skin cancers.
c. Melanoma is the least common type of skin cancer.
Regarding psychological factors that buffer the effects of stress, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Psychological hardiness among undergraduates is linked to higher academic achievement. b. The mechanism through which social networks and sociability affect vulnerability to illness remains to be determined. c. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients. d. Psychologists believe that optimism can be learned.
c. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients.
Regarding psychological factors that buffer the effects of stress, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Psychologists believe that optimism can be learned. b. Psychological hardiness among undergraduates is linked to higher academic achievement. c. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients. d. The mechanism through which social networks and sociability affect vulnerability to illness remains to be determined.
c. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients.
Regarding psychological factors that buffer the effects of stress, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The mechanism through which social networks and sociability affect vulnerability to illness remains to be determined. b. Psychologists believe that optimism can be learned. c. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients. d. Psychological hardiness among undergraduates is linked to higher academic achievement.
c. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients.
Regarding psychological hardiness, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. People with psychological hardiness have a strong commitment to their work and a belief that their work is important. b. Those with psychological hardiness have an internal locus of control. c. People with psychological hardiness try to avoid change. d. Psychological hardiness is characterized by openness to challenges.
c. People with psychological hardiness try to avoid change.
______ are caused by infectious agents spread by sexual contact. a. Basal cell carcinomas b. Melanomas c. Sexually transmitted diseases d. Sexual dysfunctions
c. Sexually transmitted diseases
Which of the following statements is the best description of the relationship between life events and health problems? a. Health problems cause life events. b. There is no relationship between life events and health problems. c. There is a small relationship between life events and health problems. d. Life events increase health problems.
c. There is a small relationship between life events and health problems.
Which of the following statements is the best description of the relationship between life events and health problems? a. There is no relationship between life events and health problems. b. Health problems cause life events. c. There is a small relationship between life events and health problems. d. Life events increase health problems.
c. There is a small relationship between life events and health problems.
Evelyn has been sharing laundry and clothing with her roommate Kate. Now, Kate has discovered that she has genital warts. Evelyn is afraid that she may contract this STD if the roommates continue sharing clothing and laundry. Is Evelyn's concern reasonable? a. Probably not. Genital warts cannot easily be spread through casual contact with clothing, but it's not impossible. b. No. Genital warts can only be spread through contact with bodily fluids. c. Yes. Genital warts can be spread through contact with contaminated clothing or towels. d. Maybe. The exact mechanisms by which genital warts are spread is not known.
c. Yes. Genital warts can be spread through contact with contaminated clothing or towels.
Another name for the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome is a. mobilization. b. exhaustion. c. adaptation. d. alarm.
c. adaptation.
Another name for the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome is a. exhaustion. b. mobilization. c. adaptation. d. alarm.
c. adaptation.
Which type of conflict is generally considered the least stressful? a. approach-avoidance b. avoidance-avoidance c. approach-approach d. multiple approach-avoidance
c. approach-approach
Which type of conflict is generally considered the least stressful? a. avoidance-avoidance b. approach-avoidance c. approach-approach d. multiple approach-avoidance
c. approach-approach
Roger is a heavy user of alcohol. Roger's alcohol consumption raises his risk for which type of cancer? a. cancer of the mouth b. cancer of the pharynx c. cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus d. esophageal cancer
c. cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus
Roger is a heavy user of alcohol. Roger's alcohol consumption raises his risk for which type of cancer? a. cancer of the mouth b. esophageal cancer c. cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus d. cancer of the pharynx
c. cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus
Pauline would like to be a full-time college student. However, she also would like to work full-time. She is a single mother and would prefer to not have her child in day care. The state of tension that Pauline feels is most accurately labeled a. aggression. b. frustration. c. conflict. d. neurosis.
c. conflict.
Pauline would like to be a full-time college student. However, she also would like to work full-time. She is a single mother and would prefer to not have her child in day care. The state of tension that Pauline feels is most accurately labeled a. neurosis. b. frustration. c. conflict. d. aggression.
c. conflict.
People with Type A behavior are at greater risk of developing a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. depression. c. coronary heart disease. d. diabetes.
c. coronary heart disease.
During a stress response, the adrenal cortex secretes a. norepinephrine. b. the corticotrophin-releasing hormone. c. corticosteroids. d. the adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
c. corticosteroids.
During a stress response, the adrenal cortex secretes a. the corticotrophin-releasing hormone. b. the adrenocorticotrophic hormone. c. corticosteroids. d. norepinephrine.
c. corticosteroids.
Chan experiences emotional distress. Which psychological disorders might Chan most likely be experiencing? a. personality disorder and depression b. anxiety and schizophrenia c. depression and anxiety d. schizophrenia and personality disorder
c. depression and anxiety
Benita was just in a car accident. Although her physical injuries are minor, her body mobilized for the stress response. Benita's adrenal glands have just released hormones known as the "stress hormones." Based on this description, what are these hormones? a. androgens b. corticotrophin-releasing hormones c. epinephrine and norepinephrine d. adrenocorticotrophic hormones
c. epinephrine and norepinephrine
During a stress response, Lorna's heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure all increase. These changes describe the effects of increased amounts of a. adrenocorticotrophic hormone. b. corticosteroids. c. epinephrine and norepinephrine. d. corticotrophin-releasing hormone.
c. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
All but which of the following factors help moderate the effects of acculturative stress? a. being proficient in the language b. having a social network c. experiencing fewer life events d. economic opportunities
c. experiencing fewer life events
All but which of the following factors help moderate the effects of acculturative stress? a. having a social network b. economic opportunities c. experiencing fewer life events d. being proficient in the language
c. experiencing fewer life events
All but which of the following serve as buffers against stress? a. self-efficacy b. hardiness c. external locus of control d. social support
c. external locus of control
All but which of the following would be considered hassles? a. being stuck in a traffic jam b. having a bunch of household chores to complete c. flunking a class d. coping with inclement weather
c. flunking a class
All but which of the following would be considered hassles? a. having a bunch of household chores to complete b. coping with inclement weather c. flunking a class d. being stuck in a traffic jam
c. flunking a class
Which life event is associated with the highest stress rating on the College Life Stress Inventory? a. death of a family member b. concerns about being pregnant or your partner being pregnant c. flunking a class d. being raped
c. flunking a class
Eduardo is stressed because he aspires to join the full-time faculty at a local university, but the university will only hire him as a temporary instructor because he does not have 5 years of teaching experience. In Eduardo's case, the source of stress is a. conflict. b. distress. c. frustration. d. stress.
c. frustration.
Eduardo is stressed because he aspires to join the full-time faculty at a local university, but the university will only hire him as a temporary instructor because he does not have 5 years of teaching experience. In Eduardo's case, the source of stress is a. stress. b. distress. c. frustration. d. conflict.
c. frustration.
All of the following sexually transmitted diseases can be treated with antibiotics EXCEPT a. gonorrhea. b. nongonococcal urethritis. c. genital warts. d. syphilis.
c. genital warts.
All of the following sexually transmitted diseases can be treated with antibiotics EXCEPT a. syphilis. b. nongonococcal urethritis. c. genital warts. d. gonorrhea.
c. genital warts.
Compared to people with low self-efficacy, people with high self-efficacy a. are able to ignore stress. b. are more susceptible to stress-related psychological illness. c. have a tendency to view stressful situations more as challenges than as obstacles. d. are more vulnerable to stress-related physical illness.
c. have a tendency to view stressful situations more as challenges than as obstacles.
Compared to people with low self-efficacy, people with high self-efficacy a. are more susceptible to stress-related psychological illness. b. are able to ignore stress. c. have a tendency to view stressful situations more as challenges than as obstacles. d. are more vulnerable to stress-related physical illness.
c. have a tendency to view stressful situations more as challenges than as obstacles.
Frankie is trying to maintain a tolerable level of stress. Your textbook states that he can do so by taking all of the following steps EXCEPT _____. a. follow a reasonable schedule b. take frequent breaks c. have one or two drinks after dinner to aid relaxation and reduce the impact of daily hassles d. develop more effective time management skills
c. have one or two drinks after dinner to aid relaxation and reduce the impact of daily hassles
All but which of the following emotional difficulties are thought to have damaging effects on the cardiovascular system? a. being chronically angry b. having depression c. having borderline personality disorder d. experiencing chronic stress
c. having borderline personality disorder
Psychologist Dr. James works in a field of psychology that studies the interrelationships between psychology and physical health. What is Dr. James's specialty? a. psychiatry b. clinical psychology c. health psychology d. developmental psychology
c. health psychology
Michael has an internal locus of control, so he believes that a. he must control everything. b. he can accomplish whatever he attempts. c. his rewards are a direct consequence of his actions. d. his outcomes are controlled by fate.
c. his rewards are a direct consequence of his actions.
Michael has an internal locus of control, so he believes that a. he can accomplish whatever he attempts. b. he must control everything. c. his rewards are a direct consequence of his actions. d. his outcomes are controlled by fate.
c. his rewards are a direct consequence of his actions.
As discussed in the text, hostility is linked to increased risk of coronary heart disease because _____. a. hostile people frequently over-exert themselves in an effort to come out on top or to prove that their ideas and efforts are superior to those of others b. hostile people frequently vent their anger and frustration, and yelling or arguing with others increases blood pressure and the stress placed on the circulatory system c. hostile people are frequently angry, and chronic anger increases the risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease d. hostile people sometimes bottle their emotions and stifle emotional expressions, thereby causing an increase in heart rate and blood pressure
c. hostile people are frequently angry, and chronic anger increases the risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease
Which component of the Type A behavior pattern best explains the connections between the Type A profile and heart disease? a. impatience. b. competitiveness. c. hostility. d. corticosteroids.
c. hostility.
Which component of the Type A behavior pattern best explains the connections between the Type A profile and heart disease? a. competitiveness. b. corticosteroids. c. hostility. d. impatience.
c. hostility.
In the stress response, _______ is to corticotrophin-releasing hormone as ______ is to adrenocorticotrophic hormone. a. adrenal gland; pituitary gland b. pituitary gland; hypothalamus c. hypothalamus; pituitary gland d. adrenal gland; hypothalamus
c. hypothalamus; pituitary gland
Based on your reading of the text, all but which of the following behaviors is recommended for cancer prevention? a. get regular medical exams and follow cancer screening protocols b. limit unprotected exposure to the sun c. if using alcohol, limit consumption to 3 drinks per day for women and 4 drinks per day for men d. avoid use of tobacco
c. if using alcohol, limit consumption to 3 drinks per day for women and 4 drinks per day for men
Major changes in life circumstances are called a. life markers. b. hassles. c. life events. d. chronic stressors.
c. life events.
During stress, corticotrophin-releasing hormone targets the ______, while adrenocorticotrophic hormone targets the _______. a. adrenal medulla; adrenal cortex b. adrenal cortex; adrenal medulla c. pituitary gland; adrenal glands d. hypothalamus; pituitary gland
c. pituitary gland; adrenal glands
Fatty deposits that build up along artery walls, narrowing the walls, are called a. lymphocytes. b. antigens. c. plaque. d. arteriosteroids.
c. plaque.
Fatty deposits that build up along artery walls, narrowing the walls, are called a. antigens. b. lymphocytes. c. plaque. d. arteriosteroids.
c. plaque.
Fatty deposits that build up along artery walls, narrowing the walls, are called a. arteriosteroids. b. lymphocytes. c. plaque. d. antigens.
c. plaque.
After being raped, Clarita develops a psychological disorder. Her symptoms include impaired functioning, heightened arousal, and nightmares of the rape. Based on this description, what is Clarita's disorder most likely to be? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. bipolar disorder c. post-traumatic stress disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. post-traumatic stress disorder
A psychological disorder characterized by maladaptive reactions to traumatic events or stressors is a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. post-traumatic stress disorder. d. generalized anxiety disorder.
c. post-traumatic stress disorder.
Health psychology is the study of the interrelationships between ____. a. drugs and health b. physical health and mental illness c. psychological factors and physical health d. mental illness and drugs
c. psychological factors and physical health
LeRoy is listening to a story about a great American hero. This hero overcame incredible odds and endured tremendous stress. Knowing what you do about stress, what personality trait did this hero undoubtedly possess that protected him from the harmful effects of stress? a. extroversion b. autonomy c. psychological hardiness d. external locus of control
c. psychological hardiness
Wynona is a Type A personality, and she is starting to experience physical problems as a result of stress. According to the text, Wynona should try all but which of the following? a. engage in enjoyable activities b. do not take her computer on her vacation c. read career-related books for enjoyment d. set realistic daily goals
c. read career-related books for enjoyment
All but which of the following are suggestions in the text for successfully quitting smoking? a. increase exposure to nonsmoking environments b. mentally rehearse the benefits of not smoking c. set a date and try to quit all at once d. practice competing responses when tempted to smoke
c. set a date and try to quit all at once
Which of the following psychological factors is not clearly linked to the development of cancer? a. smoking b. diet c. stress d. sun exposure
c. stress
Which of the following psychological factors is not clearly linked to the development of cancer? a. smoking b. sun exposure c. stress d. diet
c. stress
Which of the following psychological factors is not clearly linked to the development of cancer? a. sun exposure b. diet c. stress d. smoking
c. stress
Pressures or demands placed on an organism to adjust or adapt to its environment describes a. disease. b. sublimation. c. stress. d. anxiety.
c. stress.
Sources of stress are called a. distress. b. pressures. c. stressors. d. anxieties.
c. stressors.
Sources of stress are called a. pressures. b. distress. c. stressors. d. anxieties.
c. stressors.
All but which of the following are sexually transmitted diseases caused by viruses? a. hepatitis b. genital warts c. syphilis d. genital herpes
c. syphilis
Katherine has just discovered a hard, round painless sore on her genitals. She should immediately see her doctor to be tested for _____. a. chlamydia b. genital herpes c. syphilis d. gonorrhea
c. syphilis
Antonio is faced with a multiple approach-avoidance conflict. This means Antonio is facing a. two equally unpleasant goals. b. a goal that is simultaneously attractive yet unpleasant. c. two or more goals, each of which is simultaneously attractive yet unpleasant. d. two equally attractive goals that are mutually exclusive.
c. two or more goals, each of which is simultaneously attractive yet unpleasant.
The most prominent risk factor for coronary heart disease is age. At which age does the risk of CHD begin to increase? a. 25 b. 20 c. 50 d. 40
d. 40
Psychologists have identified ______ types of conflict, and they are called ______. a. 3; alarm, resistance, and exhaustion b. 2; frustration and aggression c. 3; stressors, hassles, and life events d. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance
d. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance
Psychologists have identified ______ types of conflict, and they are called ______. a. 3; alarm, resistance, and exhaustion b. 2; frustration and aggression c. 3; stressors, hassles, and life events d. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance
d. 4; approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance
Melanoma accounts for ______ percent of skin cancers, and it claims approximately ______ lives in the United States every year. a. 5; 19,000 b. 75; 8,000 c. 5; 100,000 d. 5; 8,000
d. 5; 8,000
Melanoma accounts for ______ percent of skin cancers, and it claims approximately ______ lives in the United States every year. a. 5; 19,000 b. 75; 8,000 c. 5; 100,000 d. 5; 8,000
d. 5; 8,000
Which of the following people is experiencing stress because of frustration? a. Nanette gets married, has a baby, and buys a new house all within the same year. b. Katie wants to ask her colleague Mark on a date, but she fears that he will turn her down and tell their co-workers. c. Marcus experiences PTSD after serving in the military in Iraq for a year. d. Andor wants to attend Harvard, but does not have the grades or money to achieve his goal. He attends the local community college instead, but is angry about it.
d. Andor wants to attend Harvard, but does not have the grades or money to achieve his goal. He attends the local community college instead, but is angry about it.
Which of the following people is experiencing stress because of frustration? a. Nanette gets married, has a baby, and buys a new house all within the same year. b. Marcus experiences PTSD after serving in the military in Iraq for a year. c. Katie wants to ask her colleague Mark on a date, but she fears that he will turn her down and tell their co-workers. d. Andor wants to attend Harvard, but does not have the grades or money to achieve his goal. He attends the local community college instead, but is angry about it.
d. Andor wants to attend Harvard, but does not have the grades or money to achieve his goal. He attends the local community college instead, but is angry about it.
Regarding sexually transmitted diseases, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Genital herpes is caused by a virus. b. HIV/AIDS is the most threatening sexually transmitted disease. c. Genital warts are caused by the human papilloma virus. d. Approximately 20 times as many people are infected with HIV than HPV.
d. Approximately 20 times as many people are infected with HIV than HPV.
Courtney has a sexually transmitted disease that causes frequent and painful urination, as well as lower abdominal pain. She contracted the disease from an infected sexual partner. It is among the most common form of bacterial STD. Based on this case description, which STD does Courtney likely have? a. Genital herpes b. Syphilis c. Gonorrhea d. Chlamydia
d. Chlamydia
Which researcher is nicknamed "Dr. Stress"? a. Martin Seligman b. Erik Erikson c. Suzanne Kobasa d. Hans Selye
d. Hans Selye
Which researcher is nicknamed "Dr. Stress"? a. Suzanne Kobasa b. Erik Erikson c. Martin Seligman d. Hans Selye
d. Hans Selye
Regarding health psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Health psychologists develop health promotion and disease prevention programs. b. One of the primary concerns of health psychologists is the effect of stress on physical health. c. Health psychology is the study of interrelationships between psychological factors and physical health. d. Health psychologists work mostly in universities, hospitals, and government agencies.
d. Health psychologists work mostly in universities, hospitals, and government agencies.
______ are specialized white blood cells that protect the body against disease-causing organisms. a. Antigens b. Immunozoids c. Antibodies d. Lymphocytes
d. Lymphocytes
______ are specialized white blood cells that protect the body against disease-causing organisms. a. Immunozoids b. Antibodies c. Antigens d. Lymphocytes
d. Lymphocytes
______ are caused by infectious agents spread by sexual contact. a. Sexual dysfunctions b. Basal cell carcinomas c. Melanomas d. Sexually transmitted diseases
d. Sexually transmitted diseases
Which of the following statements is true regarding prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases? a. Antiviral drugs are used to eliminate the viruses from the body. b. Natural condoms offer more reliable protection against HIV than latex condoms. c. HPV vaccine offers protection against viral STDs other than HPV. d. There is a vaccine against some types of HPV.
d. There is a vaccine against some types of HPV.
Which of the following statements is true regarding prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases? a. HPV vaccine offers protection against viral STDs other than HPV. b. Natural condoms offer more reliable protection against HIV than latex condoms. c. Antiviral drugs are used to eliminate the viruses from the body. d. There is a vaccine against some types of HPV.
d. There is a vaccine against some types of HPV.
In order to prevent STDs, the textbook mentions all of the following EXCEPT a. Abstain from sexual contact if you have doubts about potential harmful effects. b. Inspect your partner's sex organs before sexual contact. c. Avoid multiple partners. d. Use "natural" condoms, such as those made from lamb skin.
d. Use "natural" condoms, such as those made from lamb skin.
Evelyn has been sharing laundry and clothing with her roommate Kate. Now, Kate has discovered that she has genital warts. Evelyn is afraid that she may contract this STD if the roommates continue sharing clothing and laundry. Is Evelyn's concern reasonable? a. No. Genital warts can only be spread through contact with bodily fluids. b. Maybe. The exact mechanisms by which genital warts are spread is not known. c. Probably not. Genital warts cannot easily be spread through casual contact with clothing, but it's not impossible. d. Yes. Genital warts can be spread through contact with contaminated clothing or towels
d. Yes. Genital warts can be spread through contact with contaminated clothing or towels.
An approach-avoidance conflict is when someone faces a. two equally unpleasant goals. b. a goal with multiple unpleasant qualities. c. two equally attractive goals that are mutually exclusive. d. a goal that is simultaneously attractive yet unpleasant.
d. a goal that is simultaneously attractive yet unpleasant.
The fight-or-flight response occurs during which stage of the GAS? a. resistance b. exhaustion c. alert d. alarm
d. alarm
Which type of conflict is generally considered the least stressful? a. avoidance-avoidance b. approach-avoidance c. multiple approach-avoidance d. approach-approach
d. approach-approach
Which type of conflict will most likely cause feelings of ambivalence? a. avoidance-avoidance b. frustration c. approach-approach d. approach-avoidance
d. approach-avoidance
Henri has the opportunity to go to a party. His best friend from high school, whom Henri has not seen for five years, will be there. However, Henri's former girlfriend will also be there. They had a big fight recently and Henri still gets upset when he sees her. He is facing what sort of conflict? a. approach-approach b. avoidance-avoidance c. multiple approach-avoidance d. approach-avoidance
d. approach-avoidance
Lisa is afraid of contracting an STD. Therefore, when having sex for the first time with her new partner, Bradley, she took several steps to protect herself. Unfortunately, she placed herself at risk when she a. asked Bradley to promise that theirs would be an exclusive relationship. b. questioned Bradley about his personal background. c. inspected Bradley's sex organ for sores and blisters. d. asked Bradley to wear a natural condom.
d. asked Bradley to wear a natural condom.
Lisa is afraid of contracting an STD. Therefore, when having sex for the first time with her new partner, Bradley, she took several steps to protect herself. Unfortunately, she placed herself at risk when she a. questioned Bradley about his personal background. b. asked Bradley to promise that theirs would be an exclusive relationship. c. inspected Bradley's sex organ for sores and blisters. d. asked Bradley to wear a natural condom.
d. asked Bradley to wear a natural condom.
Narrowing of arteries due to a buildup of fatty deposits is called _____, while hardening of the arteries is called ______. a. myocardial infarction; heart attack b. arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis c. coronary heart disease; myocardial infarction d. atherosclerosis; arteriosclerosis
d. atherosclerosis; arteriosclerosis
All of the following may protect us against sexually transmitted diseases EXCEPT a. avoiding multiple partners. b. communicating concerns to one's partner. c. having regular medical checkups. d. avoiding sexual behavior that results in orgasm.
d. avoiding sexual behavior that results in orgasm.
All but which of the following behavioral factors is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease? a. avoiding smoking b. following a healthier diet c. regular exercise d. becoming more extroverted
d. becoming more extroverted
Psychological hardiness is a a. personality style susceptible to coronary heart disease. b. cluster of personality traits associated with reduced resilience to stress. c. personality style characterized by hostility and impatience. d. cluster of personality traits associated with increased resilience to stress.
d. cluster of personality traits associated with increased resilience to stress.
During a stress response, the adrenal cortex secretes a. norepinephrine. b. the adrenocorticotrophic hormone. c. the corticotrophin-releasing hormone. d. corticosteroids.
d. corticosteroids.
Chan experiences emotional distress. Which psychological disorders might Chan most likely be experiencing? a. schizophrenia and personality disorder b. anxiety and schizophrenia c. personality disorder and depression d. depression and anxiety
d. depression and anxiety
During a stress response, Lorna's heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure all increase. These changes describe the effects of increased amounts of a. corticotrophin-releasing hormone. b. corticosteroids. c. adrenocorticotrophic hormone. d. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
d. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
During a stress response, Lorna's heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure all increase. These changes describe the effects of increased amounts of a. corticosteroids. b. adrenocorticotrophic hormone. c. corticotrophin-releasing hormone. d. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
d. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Scientists suspect that persistent emotional arousal may damage the cardiovascular system due to the production of the stress hormones a. norepinephrine and insulin. b. insulin and corticosteroids. c. corticosteroids and epinephrine. d. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
d. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Compared to people with low self-efficacy, people with high self-efficacy a. are more susceptible to stress-related psychological illness. b. are more vulnerable to stress-related physical illness. c. are able to ignore stress. d. have a tendency to view stressful situations more as challenges than as obstacles.
d. have a tendency to view stressful situations more as challenges than as obstacles.
Which option is most helpful for coping with stress? a. experiencing a positive major life event b. raising the level of cortisol in your bloodstream c. adopting a type A behavior pattern d. having a big social support network
d. having a big social support network
Michael has an internal locus of control, so he believes that a. he must control everything. b. his outcomes are controlled by fate. c. he can accomplish whatever he attempts. d. his rewards are a direct consequence of his actions.
d. his rewards are a direct consequence of his actions.
As discussed in the text, hostility is linked to increased risk of coronary heart disease because _____. a. hostile people frequently vent their anger and frustration, and yelling or arguing with others increases blood pressure and the stress placed on the circulatory system b. hostile people sometimes bottle their emotions and stifle emotional expressions, thereby causing an increase in heart rate and blood pressure c. hostile people frequently over-exert themselves in an effort to come out on top or to prove that their ideas and efforts are superior to those of others d. hostile people are frequently angry, and chronic anger increases the risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease
d. hostile people are frequently angry, and chronic anger increases the risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease
As discussed in the text, hostility is linked to increased risk of coronary heart disease because _____. a. hostile people sometimes bottle their emotions and stifle emotional expressions, thereby causing an increase in heart rate and blood pressure b. hostile people frequently vent their anger and frustration, and yelling or arguing with others increases blood pressure and the stress placed on the circulatory system c. hostile people frequently over-exert themselves in an effort to come out on top or to prove that their ideas and efforts are superior to those of others d. hostile people are frequently angry, and chronic anger increases the risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease
d. hostile people are frequently angry, and chronic anger increases the risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease
The key element in Type A behavior pattern that appears to account for the increased risk for health problems is a. impatience. b. aggression. c. competitiveness. d. hostility.
d. hostility.
The key element in Type A behavior pattern that appears to account for the increased risk for health problems is a. impatience. b. competitiveness. c. aggression. d. hostility.
d. hostility.
Based on your reading of the text, all but which of the following behaviors is recommended for cancer prevention? a. avoid use of tobacco b. get regular medical exams and follow cancer screening protocols c. limit unprotected exposure to the sun d. if using alcohol, limit consumption to 3 drinks per day for women and 4 drinks per day for men
d. if using alcohol, limit consumption to 3 drinks per day for women and 4 drinks per day for men
Based on your reading of the text, all but which of the following behaviors is recommended for cancer prevention? a. get regular medical exams and follow cancer screening protocols b. avoid use of tobacco c. limit unprotected exposure to the sun d. if using alcohol, limit consumption to 3 drinks per day for women and 4 drinks per day for men
d. if using alcohol, limit consumption to 3 drinks per day for women and 4 drinks per day for men
After being raped, Clarita develops a psychological disorder. Her symptoms include impaired functioning, heightened arousal, and nightmares of the rape. Based on this description, what is Clarita's disorder most likely to be? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. bipolar disorder c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. post-traumatic stress disorder
d. post-traumatic stress disorder
A psychological disorder characterized by maladaptive reactions to traumatic events or stressors is a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. post-traumatic stress disorder.
d. post-traumatic stress disorder.
Harriet was the recent victim of a mugging. Right now, her body is attempting to return to a normal biological state. Arousal is somewhat high, and Harriet exhibits anger and fatigue. Based on this description, in which stage of the GAS is Harriet? a. exhaustion b. mobilization c. recovery d. resistance
d. resistance
Harriet was the recent victim of a mugging. Right now, her body is attempting to return to a normal biological state. Arousal is somewhat high, and Harriet exhibits anger and fatigue. Based on this description, in which stage of the GAS is Harriet? a. mobilization b. recovery c. exhaustion d. resistance
d. resistance
Pressures or demands placed on an organism to adjust or adapt to its environment describes a. sublimation. b. anxiety. c. disease. d. stress.
d. stress.
Sources of stress are called a. distress. b. anxieties. c. pressures. d. stressors.
d. stressors.
All but which of the following are sexually transmitted diseases caused by viruses? a. genital herpes b. genital warts c. hepatitis d. syphilis
d. syphilis
Stressors that are ______ tend to have the greatest impact on health. a. predictable and uncontrollable b. predictable and controllable c. unpredictable and ambiguous d. unpredictable and uncontrollable
d. unpredictable and uncontrollable
Richard contracted a sexually transmitted disease that has resulted in severe flu-like symptoms, including jaundiced skin, abdominal pain, and fever. Which STD has Richard contracted? a. syphilis b. genital herpes c. genital warts d. viral hepatitis
d. viral hepatitis
