Q12

The action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis is to ____ and _____.

Extend the wrist (hand)., Abduct the wrist (hand).

Name the muscle that flexes and abducts the wrist (hand).

Flexor carpi radialis

This is an action of two muscles of the scapula. One of these muscles has the long thoracic nerve on its superficial surface.

Abducts (protracts) the scapula

Two muscles have this action. One is a rotator cuff muscle and the other is the deltoid muscle.

Abducts the arm (humerus)

The human clavicle is able to brace the scapula through its articulation with the ____ distally and the ____ proximally.

Acromion process of scapula, Manubrium

This is an action that only the trapezius muscle and the rhomboid muscles perform.

Adducts (retracts) the scapula

Four of the muscles that move the arm have this action. no other muscles that we study perform this action.

Adducts the arm (humerus)

The ____ nerve serves the trees minor and deltoid muscles.

Axillary nerve

This nerve is a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus containing neurons from anterior rami of C5 and C6. It can be seen in the axilla adjacent to the caudal humeral circumflex artery. it runs between the subscapularis and trees major muscles. It reappears on the lateral surface of the arm where it serves the deltoids (deltoid in humans) and the trees minor. It also has cutaneous branches to the shoulder joint and the skin that covers the distal half of the deltoid muscle in humans.

Axillary nerve

This muscle flexes the forearm and supinates the forearm and wrist. It is served by the musculocutaneous nerve. it has its origin on the supraglenoid tubercle and the coracoid process of the scapula. It inserts on the radial tuberosity of the radius and on the bicipital aponeurosis.

Biceps brachii muscle

This muscle flexes the forearm. It is served by the musculocutaneous nerve. It originates on the anterior surface of the humerus and inserts on the ulna.

Brachialis muscle

The ____ is the only flexor muscle served by the radial nerve.

Brachioradialis

This muscle originates on the coracoid process of the scapula, specifically on the tip of the coracoid process. It inserts on the humerus, specifically the middle third of the anteromedial humerus (opposite the deltoid tuberosity).

Coracobrachialis muscle

Midway between the shoulder and the elbow the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are the ______, ______, and _____ muscles.

Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii, Brachialis

Besides the subscapularis muscle, there are four other medial rotators of the arm; they are the _____, _____, _____, and the _____.

Deltoid, Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, Teres major

This is an action of the trapezius and pectorals minor muscles, but not the rhomboids and serattus anterior muscles.

Depresses the scapula

The pectorals minor ______, ______, and ______ the scapula.

Depresses, Protracts, Rotates.

The insertion of a muscle is usually ______ to the insertion and _______.

Distal, moveable

This muscle is the most lateral of the flexor muscles in the forearm. It is served by the median nerve. It abducts and flexes the wrist. Its origin is the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Its insertion is on the carpals or digits, and specifically on the bases of the second and third metacarpals.

Flexor carpi radialis muscle

All the flexors in the forearm originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus except ______.

Flexor digitorum profundus (originates on proximal 75% of ulna)

All of the muscles that move the arm insert on the _____ bone.

Humerus

This is one of the rotator cuff muscles. It is a lateral rotator of the arm and is served by the supra scapular nerve. It inserts on the humerus, specifically on the posterior aspect of the greater tubercle. It originates on the infraspinous fossa of the scapula.

Infraspinatus muscle

The two rotator cuff muscles that are lateral rotators of the arm are the ____ and _____.

Infraspinatus, Teres minor

The origin for the extensor muscles in the forearm is the ____.

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

This muscle has the same actions as trees major. That is, it extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm. It is served by the thoracodorsal nerve. Its origin is the iliac crest, T7 to T12, and the lumbar fascia. It inserts on the humerus, specifically on the medial lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus, anterior and parallel with the tendon from pectorals major.

Latissimus dorsi muscle

_______ elevates the scapula and flexes the neck laterally. It is a muscle of the scapula.

Levator scapulae ventralis

The _____, _____, _____, _____, and ______ are muscles that insert on the scapula.

Levator scapulae ventralis, Pectoralis major, Serratus anterior, Rhombodieus muscles (major, minor), Trapezius

The dorsal scapular nerve serves the ______ and ________.

Rhomboideus muscles, Part of the levitator scapulae ventral is muscle

All of the muscles of the scapula insert on the ______.

Scapula

The only rotator cuff muscle that is a medial rotator of the arm is ___.

Subscapularis

The only rotator cuff muscle that abducts the shoulder is the ____.

Supraspinatus

This nerve is found on the deep side of the latissimus dorsi at the humeral end. It serves that muscle and runs with an artery of the same name.

Thoracodorsal nerve

The supinator muscle and the two pronator muscles have their origin on the ______ and their insertion on the _______.

Ulna, Radius

This muscle flexes the forearm. it is the only flexor muscle that we study that is served by the radial nerve. Its origin is the supracondyloid ridge of the humerus, specifically on the proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and lateral inter muscular septum. It inserts on the radius, specifically on the lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the radius.

brachioradialis muscle

This is the action of the extensor digitorum laterals and one of the actions of extensor digitorum communes.

extends the digits

This is the description of general function for five muscles. Some authors say they stabilize the scapula. They include trapezius, levitator scapulae ventral is, rhomboids, pectorals minor, and serratus anterior.

mooring the scapula

Two muscles in the forearm have this action and they are the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle.

Adducts the wrist (hand)

The brachialis muscle has the same actions as the _______.

Brachioradialis

This is the nerve that serves the rhomboid muscles and part of the levitator scapulae ventral is muscle.

Dorsal scapular nerve

We can contract different divisions of the trapezius muscle at different times. This allows it to be its own antagonist as it can both ____ and _____ the ____.

Elevate, Depress, Scapula

Only three muscles of the group known as the muscles of the scapula do this to the scapula.

Elevates the scapula

Teres major and latissimus dorsi have the same three actions; they _______, ________, and ________.

Extend, Adduct, Medially rotate the shoulder (arm)

The only muscles that we study that have this action are three muscles from the group that move the arm. One of them is latissimus dorsi.

Extends the arm (humerus)

This function is performed by the triceps brachii and anconeus muscles.

Extends the forearm

Four of the five muscles that we study in the posterior compartment of the forearm that move the wrist or the digits have this action.

Extends the wrist (hand)

This muscle is found in the posterior compartment of the forearm. As with all the other mucles of this compartment, it is served by the radial nerve and originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. It inserts on the carpals or digits, specifically the base of the third metacarpal. It extends and abducts the wrist.

Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle

The _______ extends and adducts the wrist (hand).

Extensor carpi ulnaris

This muscle is in the posterior compartment of the forearm. It is served by the radial nerve. It originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and more specifically one head from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and the second head from the middle third of posterior ridge of the ulna. it inserts on the carpals or digits, and more specifically on the posterior surface of the base of the fifth metacarpal. It extends and adducts the wrist.

Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle

The ______ muscle extends the wrist and digits in a human.

Extensor digitorum (communis)

This muscle is in the posterior compartment of the forearm. It is served by the radial nerve. It originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. It inserts on the digits, specifically by four tendons, one to each digit except the thumb. It extends the wrist and digits. This muscle is found in cats and humans.

Extensor digitorum communis muscle

The _____ muscle is found in the posterior compartment of the forearm of cats but not humans.

Extensor digitorum lateralis

Three of the muscles that move the arm have this action. One of them is the coracobrachialis muscle.

Flexes the arm (humerus)

Only two muscles have this action. They are the flexor digitorum superficial is and the flexor digitorum profundus.

Flexes the digits

Three muscles that we have studied are capable of this action. They are the biceps brachia, brachial is, and brachioradialis.

Flexes the forearm

This is one action of the levitator scapula ventral is, and it is the only muscle from the group that stabilizes the scapula that has this action.

Flexes the neck laterally

All five of the muscles we study in the anterior compartment of the forearm that move the wrist or the digits have this action.

Flexes the wrist (hand)

This muscle is in the anterior compartment of the forearm and as with most of the muscles we studied in that compartment, it is served by the median nerve. It has its origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. It inserts on the carpals or digits, and more specifically on the bases of the second and third metacarpals. It is the only muscle in the anterior compartment that abducts the wrist.

Flexor carpi radialis muscle

As with most of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm, this muscle originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and more specifically it has two heads that originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus at the common flexor tendon and from the medial border of olecranon process of the ulna. It inserts on the carpals or digits, and more specifically on the palmar surface of the pisiform, the hook of the hamate, and the base of the fifth metacarpal. It is served by the ulnar nerve, making it unusual for this compartment of the forearm. It flexes and adducts the wrist.

Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

This muscle is in the anterior compartment of the forearm. It is unusual when compared with the other muscles of this compartment for two reasons. First, it is the only muscle of this compartment served by two nerves, half by the median nerve and half by the ulnar nerve. Second, it originates on the proximal 75 percent of the ulna, while most of the other muscles of this compartment originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. it inserts on the digits. It flexes the wrist and the digits.

Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

The ______ and _____ flex the digits and the wrist (hand).

Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor digitorum superficialis

Loss of control of the trees minor and the deltoid muscles results in ______.

Head waiter's syndrome

This describes the generic insertion of the group of ten muscles that move the wrist or the digits.

Inserts on the carpals or digits

This is the generic insertion for the rotator cuff muscles and the muscles that move the arm. What a wussy clue! no challenge here :o(

Inserts on the humerus

The muscles that pronate the forearm and wrist and the muscles that supinate the forearm and wrist all have this as their insertion.

Inserts on the radius

Three of the muscles that move the forearm have this for an insertion. Generally muscles that insert on this bone do not pronate or supinate the forearm and wrist.

Inserts on the ulna

This muscle is served by a branch of the dorsal scapular nerve as well as lateral branches of C3 and C4 anterior rami. Its origin is on the transverse processes of C1 to C4 vertebrae. It inserts on th scapula, and specifically on the vertebral border of the scapula between the superior angle and the spine of the scapula. It is a muscle that stabilizes the scapula. It elevates the scapula and may also flex the neck laterally.

Levator scapulae (ventralis) muscle

This nerve serves serratus anterior (ventralis). It is found on the superficial side of this muscle. It is a lateral branch of the anterior rami of C5, C6, and C7.

Long Thoracic Nerve

This is the nerve that serves the pectorals minor.

Medial pectoral nerve

This nerve runs with the brachial artery in the arm. It passes through the supracondyloid foramen of the cat with the brachial artery, and then in the forearm it runs with the radial artery. It passes through the carpal tunnel into the hand. This nerve is formed from branches of the medial and lateral cords. it contains nerves from the anterior rami of C6, C7, C8, and T1 that come directly from the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus as well as the anterior rams of C5 from communication with the musculocutaneous nerve. It primarily serves the anterior compartment of the forearm by controlling the two pronator muscles and all the flexor muscles except 1 .5. It controls most muscles of the thumb. It also receives sensory input from the anterolateral cutaneous area of the hand, the lateral half of the ring finger, and the middle and index fingers. Because it runs deep to the flexor retinaculum, inflammation deep to the flexor retinaculum results in carpal tunnel syndrome. When damaged, it results in the clinical condition called "ape hand."

Median Nerve

Inflammation in the carpal tunnel causes dysfunction of the _____ nerve, resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Median nerve

Cats do not have the clavicle-scapular articulation to stabilize the scapula as humans do. They rely on ______ to stabilize their scapulae.

Muscles

_____________ pull; They do not push.

Muscles

The pronator quadratus muscle has its _____ (distal 1/4) and its insertion on the radius (distal 1/4).

Origin on ulna

The ______ muscle flexes the wrist in humans, but is not found in the cat.

Palmaris longus

The tendon of the _______ muscle is sometimes used for tendon transplants.

Palmaris longus

This muscle is in the anterior compartment of the human forearm, but not in the cat's. It is served by the median nerve. it flexes the wrist, but does not move the digits. Its tendon is normally the only tendon for the anterior compartment muscles that is superficial to the flexor retinaculum. About 10 % of the human population does not have this muscle. Occasionally doctors harvest the tendon for tendon transplants.

Palmaris longus muscle (humans only)

This muscle is one of the five muscles that move the arm, but it is not one of the four rotator cuff muscles. This muscle originates on the sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1 through 6 (or 7), clavicle, and the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle. It inserts on the humerus, specifically on the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus. It is served by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves. It adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the arm (humerus).

Pectoralis Major muscle

This muscle has its origin on the ribs 3 through 5, specifically on the anterior surface of the ribs near the costal cartilage. Its insertion is on the scapula, specifically the coracoid process of the scapula. It is served by the medial pectoral nerve. Its action is to depress and rotate the scapula. It is one of the five muscle that stabilize (moor) the scapula.

Pectoralis minor muscle

This muscle has its origin on the ulna and its insertion on the radius. Both the origin and insertion are at the distal third of the forearm. it is served by the median nerve and pronates the forearm and wrist.

Pronator quadratus muscles

This muscle has its origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and on the ulna, specifically the medial side of the coronoid process of the ulna. It inserts on the radius, specifically on the middle third of the lateral surface of the radius. it is served by the median nerve and pronates the forearm and wrist.

Pronator teres muscle

The two pronator muscles are the _____ and _____. They medially rotate the forearm and hand.

Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus

The origin of a muscle is usually the attachment that is ____ and usually ____.

Proximal, does not move

This nerve is a branch of the posterior cord containing neurons from the anterior rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1. It serves the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm, as well as the brachioradialis muscle. It controls all the extensor muscles found in the arm and forearm and the supinator muscle. It also receives sensory input from the posterolateral cutaneous area of the hand. When damaged it results in the clinical condition called wrist drop.

Radial nerve

There are two of these muscles and they are grouped with four other muscles that stabilize (moor) the scapula. They have an origin from C7 to T5 and they insert on the scapula, specifically along the medial border of the scapula. They are served by the dorsal scapular nerve. They adduct, elevate, and rotate the scapula.

Rhomboideus muscles

The _____ are two muscles of the scapula that adduct, elevate, and rotate the scapula.

Rhomboids

The serratus anterior has a "serrated" appearance due to its attachment to the ______.

Ribs

All five of the muscles that stabilize (moor) the scapula have this action.

Rotates the scapula

This is the name of a group of four muscles that move the arm. They all attach very close to the shoulder joint, around the head of the humerus. The insertion of a muscle close to the joint results in greater speed, but less power than insertions that are farther from the joint. These muscles are often injured in sports activities.

Rotator cuff

The origin of ____ is ribs 1 through 9.

Serratus anterior

The muscles of the scapula act to _____ the scapula so that other bones can move relative to it while it stays in place.

Stabilize

The origin of pectorals major includes________.

Sternum, Ribs 1-6 (cat), clavicle, aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle.

This muscle is one of the four rotator cuff muscles. Its origin is on the entire surface of the sub scapular fossa of the scapula. Its insertion is the humerus, specifically the lesser tubercle. It is the only medial rotator of the arm that is a rotator cuff muscle. It is served by the upper and lower sub scapular nerves.

Subscapularis muscle

This muscle is served by the radial nerve. Its origin is on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the ulna. Its insertion is the radius. it has one action in common with the biceps brachia and the brachioradialis muscles.

Supinator muscle

The ____ and _____ are supinators of the forearm and wrist (hand).

Supinator, Biceps brachii

This nerve serves the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles and the shoulder joint. These are both rotator cuff muscles. The origin of this nerve is from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (including the anterior rami from spinal nerves C5 and C6). It runs through the supra scapular notch with the supra scapular artery.

Suprascapular nerve

This is one of the rotator cuff muscles. It is the only one that abducts the arm. its origin is on the supraspinous fossa of the scapula, specifically on the medial 66.7 % of supraspinous fossa of the scapula. Its insertion is on the humerus, specifically on the greater tubercle of humerus. It is served by the supra scapular nerve.

Supraspinatus muscle

The mnemonic for the rotator cuff muscles is SITS. It stands for ________.

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis

This muscle is one of the five muscles that move the arm, but it is not one of the four rotator cuff muscles. Its origin is on the lateral border of the scapula (the inferior third). Its insertion is on the humerus, specifically on the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus, medial to the tendon of latissimus dorsi and fused with that tendon. It is served by the lower sub scapular nerve. it has the same actions as the latissimus dorsi: it extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

Teres major

This muscle is one of the rotator cuff muscles. Its origin is on the scapula, specifically the lateral border of scapula (the superior two thirds). Its insertion is on the humerus, specifically on the inferior facet on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus (inferior facet on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus (inferior to insertion of the infraspinatus). It has the same action as he infraspinatus muscle. This muscle is served by the axillary nerve. Injury to the axillary nerve may cause this muscle and the deltoids to stop functioning, leading to the condition known as head water's syndrome.

Teres minor muscle

The ____ muscle is one of the muscles of the scapula. It is served by the spinal accessory nerve (XI).

Trapezius

This muscle has its origin on the ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of C7 to T12. It inserts on the scapula, specifically on the lateral third of clavicle and the acromnion process, the superior border of the spine of the scapula, and on the medial third of the spine of the scapula. It is served by the spinal accessory nerve (XI). It elevates, retracts (adducts), rotates, and depresses the scapula.

Trapezius muscle

This is one of the five muscles that move the forearm that we study. Its origin is on the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and the shaft of the humerus, specifically two places on the shaft of the humerus. It inserts on the ulna, specifically on the olecranon process of the ulna. It is served by the radial nerve. It has the same action as the anconeus muscle.

Triceps brachii muscle

The medial cord gives rise to this nerve in the axilla. It contains nerves from the anterior rami of C8 and T1 that comes directly from the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus, as well as the anterior rams of C7 from communication with the median nerve. We find it first running by itself on the medial surface of the arm. In the forearm it joins the ulnar artery and runs along the ulna bone. It passes into the hand on the anterior medial portion of the wrist just deep to the skin and superficial to the flexor retinaculum. Because of that it is often damaged when the wrist is cut. Although this nerve does not innervate any muscles in the arm, it innervates 1.5 muscles in the forearm (flexor carpi ulnaris and half of flexor digitorum profundus) and fifteen out of twenty muscles of the hand (except most of those controlling the thumb). It also receives sensory input from the posterior and anterior medial cutaneous area of the hand, the little finger, and the medial half of the ring finger. Damage to this nerve results in the clinical condition called "claw hand."

Ulnar nerve

Half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is innervated by the ______ nerve and the other half by the ______ nerve.

Ulnar nerve, Median nerve

The flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the ______ and the _______ nerves.

Ulnar nerve, Median nerve

This is the nerve supply for the only rotator cuff muscle that medially rotates the arm.

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

The origin of this muscle is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, specifically the posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle. Its insertion is the ulna, specifically the lateral aspect of the olecranon process and the posterior surface of the proximal portion of the ulna. It is served by the radial nerve. its most important action is extension of the forearm, so it is a synergyst of the triceps brachia.

anconeus muscle

This muscle is included in the group described as muscles that move the arm. Its origin is on the lateral half of the clavicle, the acromion, and the spine of the scapula. It inserts on the humerus, specifically on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. It is served by the axillary nerve. It is the prime flexor, prime abductor, and extensor of the arm (humerus). It also laterally and medially rotates the arm (humerus).

deltoid muscle