Quality

If data are obtained from samples and some of the sample means of the measurements are outside the control limits, the process is said to be A) in control and the control limits need to be recalculated B) in control with only natural causes of variation C) out of control but with random variation D) out of control and it should be investigated for assignable variation

10.

A firm using a 3-sigma statistical quality control program would expect to find an average of how many defects per million samples? Take the area within +- 3 sigma as 0.9973 of the normal curve. A) 3 times the standard deviation of the number of defects B) 6 times the mean number of defects C) 3 D) 2,700 (1-.9973=0.0027 0.0027 * 1000000 pieces = 2700)

11.

Which statistical quality control chart would be used to determine if the proportion of DVD's defective is in control in a DVD manufacturing plant is performing according to specifications? A) X-bar chart B) r-chart C) p-chart D) c-chart

12.

Which of the following statements is true about the p-chart? A) It can use only variable type data. B) It can use only attribute type data. C) It can use both variable and attribute type data. D) None of the above statements are correct.

13.

After numerous complaints, the operations manager at the production line says it's not sufficient for the process to be within the control limits but it should be much closer to the sample mean. The operations manager is practicing which quality control technique? A) Six Sigma - tightening the variation (std deviation) of the process such that all (all meaning the area within+- 6 std deviations) output falls within the desired limits. B) ISO 14000 C) brainstorming D) cause-and-effect analysis

14.

The process of comparing your organization to other best-in-class performers is known as A) copyrighting B) quality control C) benchmarking D) continuous improvement

15.

Quality improvement outcomes do not always meet expectations because A) It is a difficult statistical process to understand. B) It requires a visible and consistent commitment of resources by management. C) The quality attributes that the customer actually prizes are usually obvious. D) Workers and managers do not have adjoining office spaces.

16.

Due to recent innovations in technology, quality initiatives can be now found in a wide cross-section of industries such as A) health care B) automobile manufacturing C) computer manufacturing D) all of the above

17.

All of the following can be used to describe product quality except A) reliability B) durability C) empathy D) conformance to specifications

2.c) empathy

Which of the four major categories of quality costs is the highest and most difficult to estimate? A) prevention costs B) external failure costs C) appraisal costs D) internal failure costs

4.prevention cost

A cause-and-effect diagram is also known as a(n) A) Pareto diagram B) Ishikawa diagram C) wishbone diagram D) affinity diagram

5.

Pareto charts are used to A) engage in an in-depth root cause analysis using a structured approach B) organize brainstorming ideas for statistical analysis C) identify the few, most important defects or causes of defects in a process D) none of the above

6.

Georgetown Hospital might use which of the following nonstatistical data-based quality tools to keep track of patient complaints? A) Pareto charts B) cause-and-effect diagrams C) run charts D) checksheets

7.

What type of data needs to be collected to determine the mean bottle volume in a bottling plant process? A) binomial B) variable C) attribute D) none of the above

8.

Which of the following statements regarding control charts is false? A) Control charts have a center line that represents an average of the process. B) Control charts have upper and lower limits that indicate the range of acceptable values. C) Data points above the upper control limits mean that the product's quality is beyond expectations.

9.

Hiring more inspectors is an ___________ cost

Appraisal

What are the tools to apply and the sequence of their application given a toolset comprising of Fishbone chart(cause and effect diagram), Pareto chart,and Checksheet, in a situation where we do have a good idea of the quality problem and its root causes?

Checksheet and Pareto

Which of the following is not one of the major categories of costs associated with quality? A) appraisal costs B) prevention costs C) internal failures D) These are all major categories of costs associated with quality.

D) These are all major categories of costs associated with quality

An iPhone being associated with the definition of a quality product is based on its A) performance B) features C) aesthetics D) all of the above

D) all of the above

A negative Yelp review is a ___________ cost

External Failure

Re-inspection is a ___________ cost

Internal Failure

Rework on a defective unit is an ___________ cost

Internal Failure

Scrap is a ___________ cost

Internal Failure

"The Central Limit Theorem is the basis for using sampling to estimate the population mean, in general, stating that, conditional to the samples being of adequate size and enough number: * A sample means plot would follow a normal distribution * The mean of the sampling means normal distribution (the grand mean) would approximate the population mean * No matter what the population looks like, the sampling means distribution would follow a normal distribution"

True

Managers spend less on prevention costs because managers are typically evaluated on a short term basis, while investments on prevention may experience long gestation periods to returns and their ROIs may be uncertain.

True

Pareto (of Pareto Chart fame) was an economist in Italy, who found that 80% of Italy's wealth at that time, was held by 20% of its inhabitants

True

Some costs can be "sticky" because of their relatively fixed nature, such as union rules, mandatory inspections, and strategic goals

True

The use of a cause-and-effect (fishbone/Ishikawa) diagram is most appropriate when the nature of the problem and/or its root causes is not clear

True

I draw samples of vodka, of adequate size and number, from a vodka making process and find that the grand mean of the samples is 99 proof. Can I reasonably assert that the average proof of the vodka for the entire process is 99 proof? (warning: drinking alcohol is injurious to your health and grades :-)

Yes

We hire more cops --- reported crime increases! What's going on?

additional cops catch and record more crimes of the crimes that are being committed. Nothing significant as occurred to improve quality

Regular inspection of product quality in a long running, established manufacturing process (regular consumer goods), using the same amount of resources every inspection, can most likely be considered to be:

either business value added or non value added

Working with suppliers to improve their quality is a ___________ cost

prevention

Go to any Starbucks for a skim milk Latte and you'll find that the beverage is pretty consistent in terms of taste and temperature. What definition of quality would be most appropriate?

quality as relability

What is the purpose of a Pareto chart?

to identify and prioritize the vital few causes that drive a large part of outcome

What is the purpose of a check sheet?

to organize data on the frequency and sequence of defects in order to identify patterns, relationships, and possible immediate remedies.