Quantitative Analysis Ch. 18

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Single beam spectrophotometer process

Only look at top half of image. light source --> monochromator --> sample --> light detector.

Transmittance equation

P = original light Po = sample

What are light particles called?

Photon

Which waves have wavelengths between 10nm and 400nm?

Ultraviolet waves

Which waves can be seen by the naked eye?

Visible waves

What does the lambda (λ) symbol mean.

Wavelength

Spectrophotometric titration definition

Which absorption or emission of light is used to monitor the progress of the titration reaction and to find the equivalence point.

Which waves can be created by colliding high velocity electrons with a metal plate?

X-ray waves

Positive deviation from Beer's law

chemical effects

Negative deviations from Beer's law

chemical effects polychromatic light Stray light

Absorbance is so important because it is _____ proportional to the concentration

directly

atomic absorption experimental schematic

draw and label

blackbody radiation

emission of light from hot objects

Definition of a molecule in an excited state.

Any state of an atom or a molecule having more than the minimum possible energy.

What does (c) mean in the Relation between frequency and wavelength formula?

(C) is the speed of light

Corrected absorbance formula

(total volume / initial volume) (observed absorbance)

When light is absorbed by a sample, the irradiance of the beam of light is _____.

Decreased

components of the hollow-cathode lamp

Draw and label

luminescence experimental setup

Draw the boxes and label

Energy is proportional to frequency equation

E = (hc/λ) = hc (1/λ)

Relationship between energy and a photon equation

E = hu u: photon

Beer's Law definition

explains the relationship between absorbance, at a given wavelength and concentration

Irradiance (P)

is the energy per second per unit area of the light beam

It is convenient to describe light in terms of both _____ and ____.

particles and waves.

Which waves have the longest wavelength?

radio waves

If a molecule emits a photon, the energy of the molecule is _____.

Lowered.

Which waves have frequencies between 300MHz and 300GHz?

Microwaves

Hertz definition

One oscillation per second

True/False energy is proportional to frequency.

True

How many Hertz are in one frequency?

1 Hz = 1 frequency

What is the number for the speed of light (c)?

2.998 * 10^8 m/s

What is the number for Planck's constant?

6.626 * 10^-34 J*s

luminescence definition

Emission of light from an excited state of a molecule.

Each photon carries what?

Energy (E).

Relation between energy and frequency formula.

Energy = (Planck's constant)(frequency)

What does the nu (ν) symbol mean.

Frequency

Which waves have the highest frequency?

Gamma ray waves

high frequency --> high energy is what?

Gamma rays

What natural effect is an example of blackbody radiation

Green House effect

When a molecule absorbs a photon, the energy of the molecule ____.

Increases

Which waves are used for night vision?

Infrared waves

Low frequency --> low energy is what?

Radio waves

Definition of a molecule in a ground state.

State of an atom or a molecule with the minimum possible energy.

Absorbance definition

The amount of light absorbed by a sample

chromophore definition

The part of a molecule responsible for light absorption

Transmittance (T)

The passing of light through a sample

What does (1/λ) mean?

This is a wavelength number and it is the reciprocal of the wavelength.

The relation between frequency and wavelength is is done by what formula?

speed of light = (wavelength)(frequency)

Equation that shows the energy it takes for a molecule to go from ground state to excited state.

ΔE = E1 - Eo ΔE: difference in energy between two states E1: excited state Eo: ground state


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