quiz 1-4

5) Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. Therefore, chlorine has ________ electrons and ________ neutrons. A) 17; 18 B) 18; 17 C) 17; 35 D) 35; 17 E) 18; 18

A) 17; 18

9) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding active transport? A) Active transport requires the input of energy. B) Molecules are moved across a plasma membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. C) Active transport relies on the process of diffusion. D) Molecules to be transported attach to phospholipids in the plasma membrane; as the phospholipids change shape, the molecules are moved across the membrane. E) This mechanism allows a cell to equalize the concentration of molecules on either side of the plasma membrane.

A) Active transport requires the input of energy.

7) Which one of the following is a lipid? A) cholesterol B) alanine C) maltose D) glycogen E) cellulose

A) cholesterol

10) Different pitched (high- or low-toned) sounds are discriminated by the A) tympanic membrane. B) round and oval windows. C) malleus, incus, and stapes. D) hair cells in specific regions of the cochlea. E) auditory nerve.

D) hair cells in specific regions of the cochlea.

8) The type of muscle responsible for involuntary contractions of the stomach is ________ muscle. A) smooth B) cardiac C) intercalated D) striated E) skeletal

A) smooth

4) In which one of the following ways do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells? A) Prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane composed entirely of protein. B) Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membranous organelles. C) Prokaryotic cells lack DNA, RNA, and ribosomes. D) Prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm that is bounded by a cell membrane. E) Prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm but lack a cell membrane.

B) Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membranous organelles.

9) The malleus and incus function to A) channel sounds in the inner ear. B) amplify sound. C) convert a sound wave into an electrical impulse. D) convert a long wave light into an electrical impulse. E) sense static position.

B) amplify sound.

7) Which type of tissue is characteristic of ligaments and tendons? A) loose connective tissue B) dense connective tissue C) elastic connective tissue D) reticular connective tissue E) muscle tissue

B) dense connective tissue

6) All of the following are types of connective tissue EXCEPT which one? A) bone B) cartilage C) blood D) muscle E) adipose

D) muscle

3) What kind of cells make up the basement membrane? A) cuboidal epithelial cells B) squamous epithelial cells C) columnar epithelial cells D) connective tissue cells E) no cells, the basement membrane is an acellular structure, composed of protein

E) no cells, the basement membrane is an acellular structure, composed of protein

6) In the cell, proteins that are synthesized for immediate use by the cell are normally produced A) in the plasma membrane. B) in the nucleus. C) in the Golgi apparatus. D) on smooth endoplasmic reticulum. E) on free-floating ribosomes.

E) on free-floating ribosomes.

2) During which one of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron? A) depolarization B) reestablishment of resting potential C) saltatory propagation D) both depolarization and repolarization E) repolarization

E) repolarization

6) Which one of the following is a molecule? A) NaCl B) O C) C D) Lead E) N

A) NaCl

3) Which one of the following happens during repolarization of a neuron? A) Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential. B) Potassium channels close, preventing further loss of positive ions. C) The sodium-potassium pump is turned off. D) Sodium channels open to allow sodium ions to rush back out of the cell. E) The membrane potential is eliminated.

A) Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential.

1) The central nervous system is composed of which of the following? A) brain and spinal cord B) autonomic nervous system and brain C) somatic division and autonomic division D) sensory division and motor division E) somatic division and motor division

A) brain and spinal cord

7) The transparent covering of the front of the eye is the A) cornea. B) lens. C) iris. D) fovea centralis. E) pupil.

A) cornea.

5) Muscle cells require more energy than most other cells in order to function. Therefore, muscle cells would be expected to have more ________ and ________ than most other animal cells. A) glycogen; mitochondria B) peroxisomes; fat C) mitochondria; starch D) ribosomes; glycogen E) glucose; nuclei

A) glycogen; mitochondria

1) Most eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound ________ that contains the genetic material. A) nucleus B) cytoplasm C) lysosome D) plasma membrane E) cell wall

A) nucleus

8) The "blind spot" is associated with which one of the following? A) optic disk B) vitreous humor C) choroid D) fovea centralis E) lens

A) optic disk

1) Each of the following statements is TRUE regarding hydrogen bonds EXCEPT which one? A) Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of DNA together. B) Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the attraction of Na+ to Cl-. C) Hydrogen bonds are responsible for some aspects of the three-dimensional structure of proteins. D) Hydrogen bonds form between different water molecules.

B) Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the attraction of Na+ to Cl-.

2) Which one of the following types of junctions in an epithelium allows the tissue to stretch and bend, as in the epithelium of the skin? A) tight junction B) adhesion junction C) glandular junction D) stratified junction E) gap junction

B) adhesion junction

9) Which one of the following tissues can respond to the environment by generating electrical signals? A) dermis B) nervous C) muscle D) epithelial E) connective

B) nervous

2) Molecules such as water are referred to as ________ because they are electrically neutral overall but still have partially charged regions. A) electrolytes B) polar molecules C) ions D) covalently charged E) isotopes

B) polar molecules

4) A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ________ potential. A) action B) resting C) graded D) refractory E) depolarization

B) resting

1) A group of cells that are similar in structure and work together to perform a common function are referred to as a(n) A) organ system. B) tissue. C) organ. D) community. E) organism.

B) tissue.

9) Pancreatic cells make insulin, which is a type of protein. These cells use ________ in order to synthesize insulin by the process of ________. A) oligosaccharides; hydrolysis B) nucleotides; condensation C) amino acids; dehydration synthesis D) fatty acids and glycerol; hydrolysis E) monosaccharides; dehydration synthesis

C) amino acids; dehydration synthesis

10) Bulk movement of water across plasma membranes and the exchange of oxygen from blood into cells are similar in that the method of transport is by A) facilitated transport. B) endocytosis. C) diffusion. D) active transport. E) sodium-potassium pumps.

C) diffusion.

7) Which organelle is responsible for removal of other damaged organelles and cellular debris? A) ribosomes B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) lysosomes D) centrioles E) mitochondria

C) lysosomes

3) A mad scientist has ripped apart an atom and collected all the subatomic particles located in the nucleus of the atom. Which one of the following has he collected? A) electrons B) protons C) protons and neutrons D) electrons and protons E) neutrons and electrons

C) protons and neutrons

5) Which one of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential? A) Na+ leak channel B) K+ leak channel C) sodium-potassium pump D) depolarization E) repolarization

C) sodium-potassium pump

6) Olfactory receptors are located in which one of the following? A) taste buds B) muscles C) upper part of nasal passages D) skin surrounding nasal openings E) upper regions of mouth

C) upper part of nasal passages

4) Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the relationship between an atom and an element? A) An element is the fundamental unit of an atom. B) An element is composed of atoms that are joined together by ionic and covalent bonds. C) An atom is composed of different elements that are joined together by ionic and covalent bonds. D) An atom is the smallest unit of an element that demonstrates all of the properties of that element.

D) An atom is the smallest unit of an element that demonstrates all of the properties of that element.

2) Which one of the following structures is characteristic of BOTH eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? A) nucleus B) mitochondria C) endoplasmic reticulum D) cell membrane E) Golgi apparatus

D) cell membrane

10) Calcium levels in the body are maintained by hormones. If the blood calcium level rises above a set point, calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland and sets into motion responses to lower the blood calcium back to the set point. If the blood calcium level falls below a set point, the parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone that sets into motion responses to raise the blood calcium. These homeostatic responses are examples of A) positive feedback. B) effectors. C) sensors. D) negative feedback.

D) negative feedback.

8) Which one of the following forms a bilayer structure that is found in cell membranes? A) triglycerides B) amino acids C) cholesterol D) phospholipids E) saturated fats

D) phospholipids

5) In regions of the human body that must precisely control what enters or exits tissues, which one of the following is(are) present to ensure adjacent cells are packed close together? A) basement membrane B) adhesion junctions C) collagen D) tight junctions E) gap junctions

D) tight junctions

10) Sucrose is an oligosaccharide made up of which one of the following sugars? A) glucose and glucose B) deoxyribose and ribose C) starch and glycogen D) maltose and glucose E) glucose and fructose

E) glucose and fructose

8) Some of the enzymes stored in peroxisomes are used to break down A) a cell when it becomes damaged. B) bacteria and viruses. C) faulty proteins produced by the cell. D) the plasma membrane. E) hydrogen peroxide.

E) hydrogen peroxide.

4) A student in a histology class was asked to describe the structure of a stratified squamous epithelium. Which one of the following is the best description? A) tissue composed of protein fibers in a ground substance and a few cells B) tissue composed of one layer of flat cells located on a basement membrane C) tissue composed of contracting protein fibers enclosed by plasma membranes D) tissue composed of several layers of tall cells resting on a basement membrane E) tissue composed of several layers of flat cells resting on a basement membrane

E) tissue composed of several layers of flat cells resting on a basement membrane

3) All eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane composed of a _____________

phospholipid bilayer.