Quiz 2

Prodigal son parable: younger son takes inheritance and blows it on crazy living, Father still celebrates him

-Father=God, shows emotion for his returning son, this is where idea of God comforting the emotions of ppl comes from -younger son=ppl of kingdom -Luke 15

Why is there no Syro-Phoenician account in Luke?

-Goes against major theme of Luke's that Christ is Universal because it can be argued he calls woman a dog

Mark Identifiers

-Jesus has rough edges -Disciples are idiots

41 As he came near and saw the city, he wept over it, 42 saying, "If you, even you, had only recognized on this day the things that make for peace! But now they are hidden from your eyes. 43 Indeed, the days will come upon you, when your enemies will set up ramparts around you and surround you, and hem you in on every side. 44 They will crush you to the ground, you and your children within you, and they will not leave within you one stone upon another; because you did not recognize the time of your visitation from God."[a]

-Luke 19:41-44 -allusion of falling of 2nd temple to Romans -ramparts--> how theyre being attacked -no stone left upon another

Since many have undertaken to set down an orderly account of the events that have been fulfilled among us, 2 just as they were handed on to us by those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word, 3 I too decided, after investigating everything carefully from the very first,[a] to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may know the truth concerning the things about which you have been instructed.

-Luke 1:1-4 -Luke's Preamble -acknowledges other accounts of Jesus' life, writer of luke is a non-eyewitness -Luke writing this for insiders who already know something about Jesus' life -believed that Luke and Acts were originally one book, both start with address to theophilus

Now every year his parents went to Jerusalem for the festival of the Passover. 42 And when he was twelve years old, they went up as usual for the festival. 43 When the festival was ended and they started to return, the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem, but his parents did not know it. 44 Assuming that he was in the group of travelers, they went a day's journey. Then they started to look for him among their relatives and friends. 45 When they did not find him, they returned to Jerusalem to search for him. 46 After three days they found him in the temple, sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions. 47 And all who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers. 48 When his parents[a] saw him they were astonished; and his mother said to him, "Child, why have you treated us like this? Look, your father and I have been searching for you in great anxiety." 49 He said to them, "Why were you searching for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father's house?"[b] 50 But they did not understand what he said to them. 51 Then he went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to them. His mother treasured all these things in her heart. 52 And Jesus increased in wisdom and in years,[c] and in divine and human favor.

-Luke 2:41-52 -only glimpse we have of Jesus as a child -his parents dont realize he's gone -by 12, Jesus seems to know his father isn't Joseph but God

Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit in the wilderness, 2 where for forty days he was tempted by the devil. He ate nothing at all during those days, and when they were over, he was famished. 3 The devil said to him, "If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become a loaf of bread." 4 Jesus answered him, "It is written, 'One does not live by bread alone.'" 5 Then the devil[a] led him up and showed him in an instant all the kingdoms of the world. 6 And the devil[b] said to him, "To you I will give their glory and all this authority; for it has been given over to me, and I give it to anyone I please. 7 If you, then, will worship me, it will all be yours." 8 Jesus answered him, "It is written, 'Worship the Lord your God, and serve only him.'" 9 Then the devil[c] took him to Jerusalem, and placed him on the pinnacle of the temple, saying to him, "If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here, 10 for it is written, 'He will command his angels concerning you, to protect you,' 11 and 'On their hands they will bear you up, so that you will not dash your foot against a stone.'" 12 Jesus answered him, "It is said, 'Do not put the Lord your God to the test.'" 13 When the devil had finished every test, he departed from him until an opportune time.

-Luke 4: 1-13 -luke order: bread, mountain, stone -shows jesus actively resisting temptation -more anecdotes in matt and luke than in mark -ends in Jerusalem

16 When he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, he went to the synagogue on the sabbath day, as was his custom. He stood up to read, 17 and the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him. He unrolled the scroll and found the place where it was written: 18 "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to let the oppressed go free, 19 to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor." 20 And he rolled up the scroll, gave it back to the attendant, and sat down. The eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on him. 21 Then he began to say to them, "Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing."

-Luke 4:16-21 -Jesus opens bible and turns to Isaiah, reads it. Connecting Jesus back to Jewish tradition and asserts that Jesus is literate, also bilingual (shows he could be a good teacher) -fulfilling prophecy -

One day, while he was teaching, Pharisees and teachers of the law were sitting near by (they had come from every village of Galilee and Judea and from Jerusalem); and the power of the Lord was with him to heal.[a] 18 Just then some men came, carrying a paralyzed man on a bed. They were trying to bring him in and lay him before Jesus;[b] 19 but finding no way to bring him in because of the crowd, they went up on the roof and let him down with his bed through the tiles into the middle of the crowd[c] in front of Jesus. 20 When he saw their faith, he said, "Friend,[d] your sins are forgiven you." 21 Then the scribes and the Pharisees began to question, "Who is this who is speaking blasphemies? Who can forgive sins but God alone?" 22 When Jesus perceived their questionings, he answered them, "Why do you raise such questions in your hearts? 23 Which is easier, to say, 'Your sins are forgiven you,' or to say, 'Stand up and walk'? 24 But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins"—he said to the one who was paralyzed—"I say to you, stand up and take your bed and go to your home." 25 Immediately he stood up before them, took what he had been lying on, and went to his home, glorifying God. 26 Amazement seized all of them, and they glorified God and were filled with awe, saying, "We have seen strange things today."

-Luke 5:17-26 -Jewish officials opposing Jesus even after he performs miracle of allowing paralytic to walk again

After this he went out and saw a tax collector named Levi, sitting at the tax booth; and he said to him, "Follow me." 28 And he got up, left everything, and followed him. 29 Then Levi gave a great banquet for him in his house; and there was a large crowd of tax collectors and others sitting at the table[a] with them. 30 The Pharisees and their scribes were complaining to his disciples, saying, "Why do you eat and drink with tax collectors and sinners?" 31 Jesus answered, "Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick; 32 I have come to call not the righteous but sinners to repentance."

-Luke 5:27-32 -dispute over table fellowship, Lukes argument of universality because Jesus has dinner with those who seem unworthy

One sabbath[a] while Jesus[b] was going through the grainfields, his disciples plucked some heads of grain, rubbed them in their hands, and ate them. 2 But some of the Pharisees said, "Why are you doing what is not lawful[c] on the sabbath?" 3 Jesus answered, "Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? 4 He entered the house of God and took and ate the bread of the Presence, which it is not lawful for any but the priests to eat, and gave some to his companions?" 5 Then he said to them, "The Son of Man is lord of the sabbath."

-Luke 6:1-5 -no temple or Abiathar mention

21 Now when all the people were baptized, and when Jesus also had been baptized and was praying, the heaven was opened, 22 and the Holy Spirit descended upon him in bodily form like a dove. And a voice came from heaven, "You are my Son, the Beloved;[a] with you I am well pleased."[b]

-Luke3:21-22 -Doesnt mention John the Baptist -mentions "the holy spirit", the others just say spirit

account of Jesus' birth

-Luke: idea of Mary's magnificat, her encounter with Elizabeth. When Luke describes birth of Christ he situates it with Roman empirial empire. Geneology goes back to Adam because he is literally the first human. Jesus is a second adam. (Adam is more universal than abraham). -Matt: Geneology only goes back to Abraham, for Matthew Jesus is Jewish.

Synoptic gospels

-Mark (written first), matthew, luke -focusing on their differences allows us to see how each community is trying to figure out who Jesus is

"But in those days, after that suffering, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, 25 and the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken. 26 Then they will see 'the Son of Man coming in clouds' with great power and glory. 27 Then he will send out the angels, and gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven.

-Mark 13:24-27 -"Son of Man" also seen in Daniel 7 -Son of man > Son of God -Son of man is that figure to which all of creation must answer -imminent eschatology

9 "As for yourselves, beware; for they will hand you over to councils; and you will be beaten in synagogues; and you will stand before governors and kings because of me, as a testimony to them. 10 And the good news[a] must first be proclaimed to all nations. 11 When they bring you to trial and hand you over, do not worry beforehand about what you are to say; but say whatever is given you at that time, for it is not you who speak, but the Holy Spirit. 12 Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child, and children will rise against parents and have them put to death; 13 and you will be hated by all because of my name. But the one who endures to the end will be saved.

-Mark 13:9-13 -defining moment for early church, following Jesus will always lead to persecution -Parting of the ways: at a certain point Christianity and Judaism flip into two religions - family members turning against each other--> ecclesiology, redefinition of family -alliance doesn't lie with who we share our blood but with who we share commitment

32 They went to a place called Gethsemane; and he said to his disciples, "Sit here while I pray." 33 He took with him Peter and James and John, and began to be distressed and agitated. 34 And he said to them, "I am deeply grieved, even to death; remain here, and keep awake." 35 And going a little farther, he threw himself on the ground and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass from him. 36 He said, "Abba,[a] Father, for you all things are possible; remove this cup from me; yet, not what I want, but what you want." 37 He came and found them sleeping; and he said to Peter, "Simon, are you asleep? Could you not keep awake one hour? 38 Keep awake and pray that you may not come into the time of trial;[b] the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak." 39 And again he went away and prayed, saying the same words. 40 And once more he came and found them sleeping, for their eyes were very heavy; and they did not know what to say to him. 41 He came a third time and said to them, "Are you still sleeping and taking your rest? Enough! The hour has come; the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. 42 Get up, let us be going. See, my betrayer is at hand."

-Mark 14:32-42 -all gospels take a turn at telling this story -12 men Jesus picks, one sells out Jesus, the other one falls asleep on him -Jesus is a suffering servant, Mark tries to show as real/intense

And the Spirit immediately drove him out into the wilderness. 13 He was in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan; and he was with the wild beasts; and the angels waited on him.

-Mark 1:12-13 -mark much more concise and not anecdotal -Jesus of Mark more passive "driven by wilderness" (more to the point)

23 One sabbath he was going through the grainfields; and as they made their way his disciples began to pluck heads of grain. 24 The Pharisees said to him, "Look, why are they doing what is not lawful on the sabbath?" 25 And he said to them, "Have you never read what David did when he and his companions were hungry and in need of food? 26 He entered the house of God, when Abiathar was high priest, and ate the bread of the Presence, which it is not lawful for any but the priests to eat, and he gave some to his companions." 27 Then he said to them, "The sabbath was made for humankind, and not humankind for the sabbath; 28 so the Son of Man is lord even of the sabbath."

-Mark 2:23-28 -Abiathar has high priest. This is actually not in Hebrew bible. Jesus has rough edges in Mark. Luke and Matt delete this because they don't want him to be wrong.

Immediately he made his disciples get into the boat and go on ahead to the other side, to Bethsaida, while he dismissed the crowd. 46 After saying farewell to them, he went up on the mountain to pray. 47 When evening came, the boat was out on the sea, and he was alone on the land. 48 When he saw that they were straining at the oars against an adverse wind, he came towards them early in the morning, walking on the sea. He intended to pass them by. 49 But when they saw him walking on the sea, they thought it was a ghost and cried out; 50 for they all saw him and were terrified. But immediately he spoke to them and said, "Take heart, it is I; do not be afraid." 51 Then he got into the boat with them and the wind ceased. And they were utterly astounded, 52 for they did not understand about the loaves, but their hearts were hardened.

-Mark 6:45-52 -Bethsaida

24 From there he set out and went away to the region of Tyre.[a] He entered a house and did not want anyone to know he was there. Yet he could not escape notice, 25 but a woman whose little daughter had an unclean spirit immediately heard about him, and she came and bowed down at his feet. 26 Now the woman was a Gentile, of Syrophoenician origin. She begged him to cast the demon out of her daughter. 27 He said to her, "Let the children be fed first, for it is not fair to take the children's food and throw it to the dogs." 28 But she answered him, "Sir,[b] even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs." 29 Then he said to her, "For saying that, you may go—the demon has left your daughter." 30 So she went home, found the child lying on the bed, and the demon gone.

-Mark 7:24-30 -disciples are there and discourage him from helping

27 Jesus went on with his disciples to the villages of Caesarea Philippi; and on the way he asked his disciples, "Who do people say that I am?" 28 And they answered him, "John the Baptist; and others, Elijah; and still others, one of the prophets." 29 He asked them, "But who do you say that I am?" Peter answered him, "You are the Messiah."[a] 30 And he sternly ordered them not to tell anyone about him.

-Mark 8:27-33 -Mark's account of Peter's confession -Peter tries to rebuke Jesus after he reveals he is God (gets it right, then immediately gets it wrong)

2 Six days later, Jesus took with him Peter and James and John, and led them up a high mountain apart, by themselves. And he was transfigured before them, 3 and his clothes became dazzling white, such as no one[a] on earth could bleach them. 4 And there appeared to them Elijah with Moses, who were talking with Jesus. 5 Then Peter said to Jesus, "Rabbi, it is good for us to be here; let us make three dwellings,[b] one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah." 6 He did not know what to say, for they were terrified. 7 Then a cloud overshadowed them, and from the cloud there came a voice, "This is my Son, the Beloved;[c] listen to him!" 8 Suddenly when they looked around, they saw no one with them any more, but only Jesus.

-Mark 9:2-8 -Transfiguration -Elijah and Moses appear to Jesus (Two Jewish heroes from Hebrew Bible). These guys endorse Jesus, prove that Jesus is qualified -Elijah and Moses dead 2000 years before Peter is born, and he still knows who they are -divide between life and death is permeable, and time travel happens

In those days Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan. 10 And just as he was coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens torn apart and the Spirit descending like a dove on him. 11 And a voice came from heaven, "You are my Son, the Beloved;[a] with you I am well pleased."

-Mark1:9-11 -matt and mark are more from Jesus' perspective -John the baptist not prominent character, no dialogue but IS mentioned

5 These twelve Jesus sent out with the following instructions: "Go nowhere among the Gentiles, and enter no town of the Samaritans, 6 but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7 As you go, proclaim the good news, 'The kingdom of heaven has come near.'[a] 8 Cure the sick, raise the dead, cleanse the lepers,[b] cast out demons. You received without payment; give without payment. 9 Take no gold, or silver, or copper in your belts, 10 no bag for your journey, or two tunics, or sandals, or a staff; for laborers deserve their food. 11 Whatever town or village you enter, find out who in it is worthy, and stay there until you leave. 12 As you enter the house, greet it. 13 If the house is worthy, let your peace come upon it; but if it is not worthy, let your peace return to you. 14 If anyone will not welcome you or listen to your words, shake off the dust from your feet as you leave that house or town. 15 Truly I tell you, it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that town.

-Matt 10:5-15 -Judgement is a result of rejecting Jesus and his message -excludes those who are not Jewish (gentiles and Samaritans_ -Israelite focus of initial mission

25 At that time Jesus said, "I thank[a] you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because you have hidden these things from the wise and the intelligent and have revealed them to infants; 26 yes, Father, for such was your gracious will.[b] 27 All things have been handed over to me by my Father; and no one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son chooses to reveal him. 28 "Come to me, all you that are weary and are carrying heavy burdens, and I will give you rest. 29 Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me; for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. 30 For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light."

-Matt 11:25-30 -Jesus as wisdom, speaking in Jewish-Hellenistic texts -

36 Then he left the crowds and went into the house. And his disciples approached him, saying, "Explain to us the parable of the weeds of the field." 37 He answered, "The one who sows the good seed is the Son of Man; 38 the field is the world, and the good seed are the children of the kingdom; the weeds are the children of the evil one, 39 and the enemy who sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the age, and the reapers are angels. 40 Just as the weeds are collected and burned up with fire, so will it be at the end of the age. 41 The Son of Man will send his angels, and they will collect out of his kingdom all causes of sin and all evildoers, 42 and they will throw them into the furnace of fire, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. 43 Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Let anyone with ears[a] listen!

-Matt 13:36-43 -glimpse into Matthew's eschatology -title for Jesus that is used, "Son of Man" also seen in Daniel -son of man comes back and the world can be easily divided -by the time we get to the gospel, the devil is the root of all evil -judgement by fire

Jesus left that place and went away to the district of Tyre and Sidon. 22 Just then a Canaanite woman from that region came out and started shouting, "Have mercy on me, Lord, Son of David; my daughter is tormented by a demon." 23 But he did not answer her at all. And his disciples came and urged him, saying, "Send her away, for she keeps shouting after us." 24 He answered, "I was sent only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." 25 But she came and knelt before him, saying, "Lord, help me." 26 He answered, "It is not fair to take the children's food and throw it to the dogs." 27 She said, "Yes, Lord, yet even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their masters' table." 28 Then Jesus answered her, "Woman, great is your faith! Let it be done for you as you wish." And her daughter was healed instantly.

-Matt 15:21-28 -"Son of David" is more formal -disciples discourage Jesus from helping

13 Now when Jesus came into the district of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, "Who do people say that the Son of Man is?" 14 And they said, "Some say John the Baptist, but others Elijah, and still others Jeremiah or one of the prophets." 15 He said to them, "But who do you say that I am?" 16 Simon Peter answered, "You are the Messiah,[a] the Son of the living God." 17 And Jesus answered him, "Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven. 18 And I tell you, you are Peter,[b] and on this rock[c] I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." 20 Then he sternly ordered the disciples not to tell anyone that he was[d] the Messiah.[e]

-Matt 16:13-20 -Peter's confession -only in Matt is Peter given a blessing -long litany of prophets to who Jesus may be related -Peter=small stone, play on words, one of reasons Peter deemed first pope. Also first place Jesus mentions the word church -God gives Peter keys to the Kingdom

29 "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you build the tombs of the prophets and decorate the graves of the righteous, 30 and you say, 'If we had lived in the days of our ancestors, we would not have taken part with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.' 31 Thus you testify against yourselves that you are descendants of those who murdered the prophets. 32 Fill up, then, the measure of your ancestors. 33 You snakes, you brood of vipers! How can you escape being sentenced to hell?[a] 34 Therefore I send you prophets, sages, and scribes, some of whom you will kill and crucify, and some you will flog in your synagogues and pursue from town to town, 35 so that upon you may come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Barachiah, whom you murdered between the sanctuary and the altar. 36 Truly I tell you, all this will come upon this generation. 37 "Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it! How often have I desired to gather your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing! 38 See, your house is left to you, desolate.[b] 39 For I tell you, you will not see me again until you say, 'Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord.'"

-Matt 23:29-39 -strongest condemnation of Jewish leaders and a prediction of Jesus' death -argument is that there is tension between Jesus and Jewish leaders, this his final pronouncement of judgement

"But about that day and hour no one knows, neither the angels of heaven, nor the Son,[a] but only the Father. 37 For as the days of Noah were, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. 38 For as in those days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day Noah entered the ark, 39 and they knew nothing until the flood came and swept them all away, so too will be the coming of the Son of Man. 40 Then two will be in the field; one will be taken and one will be left. 41 Two women will be grinding meal together; one will be taken and one will be left. 42 Keep awake therefore, for you do not know on what day[b] your Lord is coming. 43 But understand this: if the owner of the house had known in what part of the night the thief was coming, he would have stayed awake and would not have let his house be broken into. 44 Therefore you also must be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an unexpected hour.

-Matt 24:36-44 -Only God knows when the Son of Man is returning -Can Jesus be a God and not know something? -Return of Son of man not necessarily a pleasant thing -day of the lord could be day of darkness and suffering -eschatology and Christology

31 "When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then he will sit on the throne of his glory. 32 All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats, 33 and he will put the sheep at his right hand and the goats at the left. 34 Then the king will say to those at his right hand, 'Come, you that are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; 35 for I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me, 36 I was naked and you gave me clothing, I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me.' 37 Then the righteous will answer him, 'Lord, when was it that we saw you hungry and gave you food, or thirsty and gave you something to drink? 38 And when was it that we saw you a stranger and welcomed you, or naked and gave you clothing? 39 And when was it that we saw you sick or in prison and visited you?' 40 And the king will answer them, 'Truly I tell you, just as you did it to one of the least of these who are members of my family,[a] you did it to me.' 41 Then he will say to those at his left hand, 'You that are accursed, depart from me into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels; 42 for I was hungry and you gave me no food, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink, 43 I was a stranger and you did not welcome me, naked and you did not give me clothing, sick and in prison and you did not visit me.' 44 Then they also will answer, 'Lord, when was it that we saw you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and did not take care of you?' 45 Then he will answer them, 'Truly I tell you, just as you did not do it to one of the least of these, you did not do it to me.' 46 And these will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life."

-Matt 25:31-46 -Son of Man as cosmic judge and criteria for judgement -includes all nations, not just Jews -treatment of son of man's followers=family is criteria -conclusion of "Two ways" -association between Jesus as an actual person, and anyone who follows him -treatment of early church=treatment of God himself

11 While they were going, some of the guard went into the city and told the chief priests everything that had happened. 12 After the priests[a] had assembled with the elders, they devised a plan to give a large sum of money to the soldiers, 13 telling them, "You must say, 'His disciples came by night and stole him away while we were asleep.' 14 If this comes to the governor's ears, we will satisfy him and keep you out of trouble." 15 So they took the money and did as they were directed. And this story is still told among the Jews to this day. 16 Now the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain to which Jesus had directed them. 17 When they saw him, they worshiped him; but some doubted. 18 And Jesus came and said to them, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 and teaching them to obey everything that I have commanded you. And remember, I am with you always, to the end of the age."[b]

-Matt 28:11-20 -Bribing soldiers and commissioning -only in Matt, so M source -Mt explains conspiracy theory -baptised with father, son, and holy spirit, only in Matt -Matt apologetic, to give reason or a defense for something

17 "Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets; I have come not to abolish but to fulfill. 18 For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one letter,[a] not one stroke of a letter, will pass from the law until all is accomplished. 19 Therefore, whoever breaks[b] one of the least of these commandments, and teaches others to do the same, will be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does them and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20 For I tell you, unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.

-Matt 5:17-20 -sermon on the Mount (only in Matthew) -What is Jesus' relationship with the law? He wants to follow it -state of your heart matters as much as your conduct

21 "Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father in heaven. 22 On that day many will say to me, 'Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and cast out demons in your name, and do many deeds of power in your name?' 23 Then I will declare to them, 'I never knew you; go away from me, you evildoers.' 24 "Everyone then who hears these words of mine and acts on them will be like a wise man who built his house on rock. 25 The rain fell, the floods came, and the winds blew and beat on that house, but it did not fall, because it had been founded on rock. 26 And everyone who hears these words of mine and does not act on them will be like a foolish man who built his house on sand. 27 The rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell—and great was its fall!"

-Matt 7:21-27 -life consists of two paths -what does it mean to choose god? Just the fact that you call his name doesn't make you his follower -dualism: you can divide the world into two discrete categories: Light and good (choose Jesus) darkness and evil (all other choices) -Matthean internal division

5 When he entered Capernaum, a centurion came to him, appealing to him 6 and saying, "Lord, my servant is lying at home paralyzed, in terrible distress." 7 And he said to him, "I will come and cure him." 8 The centurion answered, "Lord, I am not worthy to have you come under my roof; but only speak the word, and my servant will be healed. 9 For I also am a man under authority, with soldiers under me; and I say to one, 'Go,' and he goes, and to another, 'Come,' and he comes, and to my slave, 'Do this,' and the slave does it." 10 When Jesus heard him, he was amazed and said to those who followed him, "Truly I tell you, in no one[a] in Israel have I found such faith. 11 I tell you, many will come from east and west and will eat with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven, 12 while the heirs of the kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth." 13 And to the centurion Jesus said, "Go; let it be done for you according to your faith." And the servant was healed in that hour.

-Matt 8:5-13 -healing of Centurian's servant: Jesus expanding who can be a part of the kingdom -Roman soldiers not Jewish -weeping and gnashing of teeth is Matthew

differences in Crucifixion

-Matt and mark similar: bandits taunt Jesus, psalm 22 (my god my god why have you forsaken me), thieves mock him, no discussion with them. -Matt: refers to Jesus as Son of God, bodies of saints who had fallen asleep, shakes the ground and kept. -Mark: Jesus=Messiah -Luke: Jesus prays for those who are torturing them (in one of most horrible ways to die, Jesus still prats for his killers. Emphasizes Jesus' innocence, private. Has conversation with one of thieves

Differences in Jesus in Gethsamane

-Matt makes Jesus seem weak, but also human. Jesus has less confidence in God's ability -Matt and mark kind of the same -Luke: an angel appears, doesn't talk about grief or Gethsemane

Comes first in canon

-Matt's gospel first in canon because it is the only gospel that mentions the word church -written after 70 CE, destruction of 2nd temple

Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil. 2 He fasted forty days and forty nights, and afterwards he was famished. 3 The tempter came and said to him, "If you are the Son of God, command these stones to become loaves of bread." 4 But he answered, "It is written, 'One does not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of God.'" 5 Then the devil took him to the holy city and placed him on the pinnacle of the temple, 6 saying to him, "If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down; for it is written, 'He will command his angels concerning you,' and 'On their hands they will bear you up, so that you will not dash your foot against a stone.'" 7 Jesus said to him, "Again it is written, 'Do not put the Lord your God to the test.'" 8 Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their splendor; 9 and he said to him, "All these I will give you, if you will fall down and worship me." 10 Jesus said to him, "Away with you, Satan! for it is written, 'Worship the Lord your God, and serve only him.'" 11 Then the devil left him, and suddenly angels came and waited on him.

-Matt4:1-11 -more anecdotes in matt and luke than in mark -matt order: bread, stone, mountain -shows Jesus actively resisting temptation

Judas' betrayal and passover

-Matt: Judas more active in betrayal, Judas gets paid 30 silvers to betray Jesus (only in Matt is there an exact price) -Luke: likes to make things private in the life of Jesus, edits out the name of the garden, trying to show divinity and ability/courage of Christ

differences in Jesus' tomb

-Matt: an angel -Mark: one man (in dazzling white) -Luke: two men (in dazzling white)

differences in Baptism of Jesus

-Matt: dialogue with John the Baptist, he was important -Mark: John the Baptist mentioned but not prominent -Luke: doesn't mention John the Baptist, mentions "Holy spirit"

At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the sabbath; his disciples were hungry, and they began to pluck heads of grain and to eat. 2 When the Pharisees saw it, they said to him, "Look, your disciples are doing what is not lawful to do on the sabbath." 3 He said to them, "Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? 4 He entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which it was not lawful for him or his companions to eat, but only for the priests. 5 Or have you not read in the law that on the sabbath the priests in the temple break the sabbath and yet are guiltless? 6 I tell you, something greater than the temple is here. 7 But if you had known what this means, 'I desire mercy and not sacrifice,' you would not have condemned the guiltless. 8 For the Son of Man is lord of the sabbath."

-Matthew 12:1-8 -More to life than the temple -Jesus = great teacher and master of the Torah

Then Jesus came from Galilee to John at the Jordan, to be baptized by him. 14 John would have prevented him, saying, "I need to be baptized by you, and do you come to me?" 15 But Jesus answered him, "Let it be so now; for it is proper for us in this way to fulfill all righteousness." Then he consented. 16 And when Jesus had been baptized, just as he came up from the water, suddenly the heavens were opened to him and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and alighting on him. 17 And a voice from heaven said, "This is my Son, the Beloved,[a] with whom I am well pleased."

-Matthew 3:13-17 -Matt and Mark more from Jesus' perspective -John the Baptist important, Dialogue with Jesus -Matt will always try to make Jesus powerful

22 Immediately he made the disciples get into the boat and go on ahead to the other side, while he dismissed the crowds. 23 And after he had dismissed the crowds, he went up the mountain by himself to pray. When evening came, he was there alone, 24 but by this time the boat, battered by the waves, was far from the land,[a] for the wind was against them. 25 And early in the morning he came walking toward them on the sea. 26 But when the disciples saw him walking on the sea, they were terrified, saying, "It is a ghost!" And they cried out in fear. 27 But immediately Jesus spoke to them and said, "Take heart, it is I; do not be afraid." 28 Peter answered him, "Lord, if it is you, command me to come to you on the water." 29 He said, "Come." So Peter got out of the boat, started walking on the water, and came toward Jesus. 30 But when he noticed the strong wind,[b] he became frightened, and beginning to sink, he cried out, "Lord, save me!" 31 Jesus immediately reached out his hand and caught him, saying to him, "You of little faith, why did you doubt?" 32 When they got into the boat, the wind ceased. 33 And those in the boat worshiped him, saying, "Truly you are the Son of God."

-Matthew14:22-33 -Jesus walks on water and Peter walks out to meet him. He knows its Jesus at the end.

Jesus' Crucifixion according to Mark

-Roman involvement in crucifixion, Roman authorities made final decisions -Simon of Cyrene, Alexander and Rufus problematic? --> in Mark's gospel, Simon caries cross -no convo with thieves

Christology

-Study of christ -who is christ

Jesus as New Israel

-Visit of Magi (wisemen): Only in Matt 2, no number of men given. Assume 3 because 3 gifts -fled to Egypt b/c of Torah and dream--> OT paralell found in genesis -Slaughter of innocents--> earlier example in Exodus with Moses, brought to Egypt to avoid being killed -by end of Chapter 2 Jesus associated with Abraham, Moses, David

Matthew Identifiers

-Will try to make Jesus powerful -portrays Jesus as great teacher (Master of Torah) -prophecy fulfillment format (Jesus cant do anything unless he's fulfilling a prophecy"

Passion Narrative

-death, betrayal, and eventual resurrection of Jesus -earliest text about Jesus that circulated -somewhere between 33 and 50 is when passion circulates -meaning of passion is key identifier of Christian movement -death of lamb preserved people at passover, similar to death of Jesus (lamb of God)

Luke identifiers

-deletes awkward/weird things about Jesus -Gospel of prayer (Jesus and everyone Prays) -"Holy Spirit" -revolves around Jerusalem -gives women most prominent role

70 CE

-destruction of 2nd temple

Multiple endings in Mark

-first ending is with women afraid -second ending is more satisfactory--> salvation instead of fear/afraid -v. 9-20, most common ending of canonical text, indications of later (Mary Magdeline, ascension, etc with disciples)

Differences in Temptation story

-matt: bread, stone, "mountain" -Mark: Shortest (by a lot), Jesus more passive, "driven by wilderness" -Luke: bread, "kingdoms", stone. also ends in Jerusalem

22 All this took place to fulfill what had been spoken by the Lord through the prophet: 23 "Look, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall name him Emmanuel,"

-only Matt uses the fulfillment format, Jesus can't do anything without fulfilling a prophecy -Fulfillment citation: "This was done in order to fulfill ___________'s prophecy" -

Gematria

-significance and association of words based on numerical value -structured around 3 Hebrew letters -consonants of David's name add up to 14. 14 special number of generations between Abraham and David etc.

Ecclesiology

-study of the church -Who belongs in Jesus' community? -Syro-Phoenician Woman -Persecution of following Jesus, redifinition of family.

imminent eschatology

-they believe that Jesus is literally coming now -specific to Gospel of Mark

scribes and Pharisees

-two Jewish sects that develop, known to be very diligent in following the law

Four source hypothesis

60-80% of gospel of mark are found in Luke and Matt

Paraousia

God's returning/ God's coming -general idea, concern over its delay. If he's coming tomorrow, would you bother studying for test in two days. What do we do until it happens, keeps getting pushed out.

Luke's Ecclesiology

If you are going to follow Jesus, you must hate/reject those closest to you (family). This deals with trial of loyalty, there should be no greater loyalty than your loyalty to God.

Satan involved in betrayal of Jesus

Luke

There was a rich man who was dressed in purple and fine linen and who feasted sumptuously every day. 20 And at his gate lay a poor man named Lazarus, covered with sores, 21 who longed to satisfy his hunger with what fell from the rich man's table; even the dogs would come and lick his sores. 22 The poor man died and was carried away by the angels to be with Abraham.[a] The rich man also died and was buried. 23 In Hades, where he was being tormented, he looked up and saw Abraham far away with Lazarus by his side.[b] 24 He called out, 'Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue; for I am in agony in these flames.' 25 But Abraham said, 'Child, remember that during your lifetime you received your good things, and Lazarus in like manner evil things; but now he is comforted here, and you are in agony. 26 Besides all this, between you and us a great chasm has been fixed, so that those who might want to pass from here to you cannot do so, and no one can cross from there to us.' 27 He said, 'Then, father, I beg you to send him to my father's house— 28 for I have five brothers—that he may warn them, so that they will not also come into this place of torment.' 29 Abraham replied, 'They have Moses and the prophets; they should listen to them.' 30 He said, 'No, father Abraham; but if someone goes to them from the dead, they will repent.' 31 He said to him, 'If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets, neither will they be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.'"

Luke 16 first glimpse of afterlife in NT -reversal of fortune, when God ends time, fortunes of ppl in society are changed. -glimpse of what hell looks like: fire, torture -heaven and hell both have awareness of each other but no access to each other -rich ppl suck bc they dont take care of the poor

differences in Syro-Phoenician Woman

Matt: "son of David"- very formal name for Lord Mark: woman returns home Luke: No luke account b/c goes against Luke's theme that Christ is Universal

Differences between Sermon on the Plain and Sermon on the mount

Mount is in Matthew mount saying to follow law Plain is Luke Plain saying blessed are the unfortunate because they will become fortunate, love your enemies, dont judge others

According to Mark: What does Jesus say and do on the cross?

_"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" Psalm 22 -breathed his last

Crucifixion in Luke

jesus comforts women on way to death, offers forgiveness while on cross (promise of paradise to one thief), psalm 31, claim made that Jesus is innocent

differences in Jesus walking on Water

matt: Peter walks out to him on water mark: Peter doesnt join him, Bethsaida Luke: no Luke account

differences in Jesus getting grain on the Sabbath

matt: more to life than temple mark: Abiathar Luke: no temple or Abiathar

Eschatology

study of the end/last things

inclusio

textual bracket--> begin block of text with one thing and end it with the same thing EX) Luke 22, satan disappears at opportune time, hes gone during all of Jesus' teachings, then shows up again at the end