Quiz 4: Eubacteria, Archaea, Viruses, Prions, and Viroids.
A Spirochetes cell is _________.
spiral shaped
Staphylococcus aureus
staph infection
Streptococcus pyogenes
strep throat
sharing of genetic material through a bacteriophage.
transduction
naked genetic material is taken into the cell from outside the cell membrane
transformation
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
tuberculosis
Rickettsia prawazekii
typhus fever
Viruses which typically have a lipid covering called an envelope are released from the host cell through _____________.
viral budding.
The ______ structure is a single virus unit, including the genetic material and capsid
virion.
Naked disease-causing RNA molecules known as _________ cause __________ in humans.
viroids, Hepatitis D
A __________ is an abnormal disease-causing protein which affects the __________ of the animal or human.
prion, brain
The capsid structure is the ________ covering of a virus.
protein
What is the shape of Streptococcus cells?
round cells in a chain
The cell wall of a Gram-negative bacterium is composed of:
20% or less of peptidoglycan.
The scientific name of the organism that sours fruit juice is called _________ and it belongs to the group of ____________.
Alicyclobacillus, thermoacidophiles.
What are the five steps of the viral replication cycle?
Attachment, Penetration, Uncoating, Replication, and Release.
Escherichia coli
E. coli
A _________ cell is rod-shaped.
Lactobacillus
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease
Why are viruses, prions, and viroids are not classified as living organisms?
They do not use energy for metabolism of any kind, they are not able to reproduce independently, and their virulence is maintained by non-living cultures.
Methanogens are able to live in anaerobic conditions.
True
Thermoacidophiles live in conditions with:
Very high temperatures and very high salinity.
genetic material is shared through direct cell to cell contact
bacterial conjugation
What phrases are true about cyanobacteria?
can produce its own food, and is a group of eubacteria.
T4 bacteriophage
complex
What are the effects of bacteria on the world around us?
decomposition, make yogurt, food spoilage, make cheese, and flavor food.
The _______ is the lipid-based membrane surrounding some viruses.
envelope structure
Which organisms are known to live in conditions with high salinity?
halophiles.
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
helical
HIV/ AIDS virus
icosahedral
Microorganisms commonly found living in or on a human with no detrimental effects are called:
normal flora
A(n) ________________ is an organism that is not able to reproduce outside the host cell.
obligate intracellular parasite
An anaerobic organism does not need ________ to survive.
oxygen
The molecular basis of the Gram stain is the amount of _______ in the bacterial cell wall.
peptidoglycan
