Quiz #7 CH. 11 & chapter review

Following training, which of the following types of athletes would likely see changes in heart size? Runners Cyclists Weight lifters All of the above

all of above, but cardiovascular exercises cause more changes in heart size.

In order to see improvements in 5k running performance, it is imperative that the majority of aerobic training consists of run training. The training principle related to this fact is: Individual differences Periodization Specificity Progressive Overload

specificity

Blood pressure Blood volume

-Blood pressure: decreased BP at given submaximal intensity - increased Systolic BP, decreased diastolic BP at maximal intensity Blood volume: total volume increased rapidly - increased Plasma volume via increased plasma proteins, increased water and Na+ retention (all in first 2 weeks) - increased Red blood cell volume (though hematocrit may decrease) - decreased Plasma viscosity

Cardiac output Blood flow

-Cardiac output: resting does not change much following endurance training. Can slightly decrease. CO during max exercise increases, responsible for increase VO2max. -Blood flow: active muscles need more oxygen, so more blood needs to flow. 4 things: increased capillarization; greater recruitment of capillaries; more effective blood flow; increased total blood volume.

Heart rate

-Heart rate: maximal HR stays relatively the same, decreases at rest b/c you need to push less often because there is more to distribute. Resting HR - decreased Markedly (~1 beat/min per week of training) - increased Parasympathetic, decreased sympathetic activity in heart Submaximal HR - decreased HR for same given absolute intensity More noticeable at higher submaximal intensities Maximal HR No significant change with training - decreased With age

Stroke Volume

-Stroke volume: higher at rest after endurance training. After training, the ventricle fills more because of growth, increasing end diastolic volume (EDV). DECREASED end-systolic volume, because of ability to have greater force. -SV increased after training Resting, submaximal, and maximal Plasma volume increased with training to increased EDV to increased preload Resting and submaximal HR with training  filling time EDV - LV mass with training force of contraction Attenuated TPR with training afterload SV adaptations to training with age

Chronic endurance training will result in changes to which of the following systems of the body? Cardiovascular Metabolic Muscular All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following statements is TRUE? Endurance training blunts the effects of strength training Strength training blunts the effects of endurance training

Endurance training blunts the effects of strength training

How do the cardiovascular variables discussed change with aerobic training? (at rest, submax, and max exercise)

Endurance training: increases Maximal endurance capacity =increased VO2max - increased Submaximal endurance capacity Lower HR at same submaximal exercise intensity More related to competitive endurance performance

Following exercise training, blood volume: Decreases Increases Remains the same

Increases

How do the pathways associated with energy production change with regular training?

Lactate threshold: increased to higher percent of VO2max - decreased Lactate production, increased lactate clearance Allows higher intensity without lactate accumulation

Anaerobic exercise training results in increases in which of the following metabolic enzymes? Citrate synthase Phosphofructokinase Succinate dehydrogenase None of these enzymes are influenced by anaerobic training

Phosphofructokinase Glycolytic system - increases in key glycolytic enzyme activity with training (phosphorylase, PFK, LDH, hexokinase) However, performance gains from increases in strength

How do the respiratory variables discussed change with aerobic training? accounted for by increased tidal volume and increased respiratory frequency at max. exercise.

Pulmonary ventilation - decreased at given submaximal intensity - increased at maximal intensity due to increased tidal volume and respiratory frequency Pulmonary diffusion Unchanged during rest and at submaximal intensity - increased at maximal intensity due to increased lung perfusion Arterial-venous O2 difference - increased due to increased O2 extraction and active muscle blood flow - increased O2 extraction due to increased oxidative capacity

The most pronounced increases in VO2 max following cardiorespiratory training occurs during: The first two months of training Two - three months of training Three - four months of training Four - five months of training

The first two months of training Following training: - increased VO2max = increased max SV x max HR x increased max (a-v)O2 difference -Heart size: L ventricle increases filling and therefore increase SV (end-diastolic minus end-systolic). Leads to decreased resting HR because it fills up more.

Adaptations to anaerobic exercise training (i.e. sprint training, plyometric training, agility training) results in an increase in cross sectional area of: Type I muscle fibers Type IIa muscle fibers Type IIx muscle fibers Type I and Type II muscle fiber types

Type I and Type II muscle fiber types Fiber type - increased size and number of type I fibers (type II to type I) Type IIx may perform more like type IIa

Following training, stroke volume at a given submaximal exercise intensity (i.e. running for 30 minutes at 8 minute mile pace), will: Increase Decrease Stay the same

increase

What affect does aerobic training have on blood flow?

increased BF to working muscles, decreased to inactive regions.

Which of the following is an example of an adaptation to aerobic training? increased short-term high intenisty endurance capacity Increased anaerobic metabolic function increased ability to sustain prolonged dynamic exercise increased tolerance for acid-base imbalances during highly intense effort

increased ability to sustain prolonged dynamic exercise Aerobic adaptations: Ability to sustain prolonged, dynamic exercise Improvements achieved through multisystem adaptations (cardiovascular, respiratory, muscle, metabolic)

How does VO2max change? Why? What factors (other than cardiovascular/respiratory variables) affect VO2max?

increased blood flow to active muscle • increased capillarization, capillary recruitment - increased capillary:fiber ratio - increased total cross-sectional area for capillary exchange • decreased blood flow to inactive regions • increased total blood volume Prevents any decrease in venous return as a result of more blood in capillaries

How does the skeletal muscle adapt to anaerobic training?

type II recruited more, increase in cross-sectional type II area.