Quiz 8 Weather and Climate (Lectures 10, 11 & lab 4)
During the daytime Valley/Mountain Breezes are caused by mountain sides that are ________ than the valleys. Thus, air flows _________ as a ______
thinner; Upslope; valley breeze
We would expect this flow of oceans to continue until
they hit land mass
Winds are always named for the direction of their
origin
During the daytime, it manifests itself as
(Air moving from high to low) SEA BREEZE
The equator has a latitude of
0 degrees
At what latitudes do you expect periodic heavy rains?
0 degrees and 60 degrees
Where might we find the ITCZ?
0 degrees/the equator
3 celled model- we would expect to find arid conditions at
30 degrees North and South
At what latitudes do you expect deserts?
30 degrees and 90 degrees
The poles have a latitude of
90 degrees
The equator has what kind of air?
Ascending
What type of weather is associated with the ITCZ
Clouds and rain
Which two factors drive the Jet Streams?
Conservation of angular momentum High pressure gradient force
Deserts are most common on the western side of continents. Why?
Due to the fact that this is where cold currents flow
High pressure that is created by the movement/rotation of the earth on its axis
Dynamic Pressure
Oceans, driven by the winds, flow from__________along the Equator
East to West
T/F: Semi-permanent Pressure Cells are fixed in their location and intensity
FALSE; varies with the seasons
What winds are warm, dry and flow downhill?
FOEHNS, CHINOOKS, AND SANTA ANAS
T/F: Deserts will only occur under the High Pressure areas of the 3-Cell model.
False (?)
T/F: The Jet Streams are strongest in the Summer
False; strongest in winter
In the single-celled model air flow aloft will be
Faster than the earth (?Check?)
The convergence and lifting of air at about 60° North causes some air to circle to the south, above the surface, completing the second cell of air motion. What is the name of this Cell?
Ferrel cell
Which of these wind patterns may be found in the European Alps?
Foehns
The circular motion of Oceanic Flow is called a:
GYRE
In the 3 celled model name the cells in order from the equator to the poles
Hadley cell Ferrel cell Polar cell
This earth will attempt to remove the imbalance of having very hot low latitudes and very cold high latitudes by allowing air movement between the two. Toward what latitudes will HOT air move?
High latitudes/Poleward
ITCZ stands for
INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
Toward what latitudes will COLD air move?
Low latitudes/toward the equator
The term 'relatively narrow bands of strong wind in the upper Troposphere' defines what?
Jet Streams
Very cold winds that flow DOWNSLOPE (often very fast) are called:
KATABATIC WINDS
During the NIGHTTIME, it manifests itself as:
LAND BREEZE (LAND COOLS QUICKLY, SEA COOLS SLOWLY)
The surface pressure at 60° North and South is called a DYNAMIC ___________ PRESSURE, because it was originally caused by the rotation of the earth.
LOW
Consider the cell from 30° to 0°. Will Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) cause winds to blow from the North or South in the Northern Hemisphere?
North
Consider the cell from 30° to 60°. Will Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) cause winds to blow from the North or South in the Southern Hemisphere?
North
NH winds blow from the ______ in this cell. They are called ________ Trade Winds
Northeast; North easterlies
Between 60° N & S and the Poles, surface winds are known as the
Polar Easterlies
Name the 2 Jet Streams
Polar Jet Stream Subtropical Jet Stream
The rest of the air circles around to the north, to descend over the North Pole, completing the third cell of motion. What is the name of this Cell?
Polar cell
Which of these wind patterns are associated with California Wildfires?
Santa Anas
Consider the cell from 30° to 0°. Will Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) cause winds to blow from the North or South in the Southern Hemisphere?
South
Consider the cell from 30° to 60°. Will Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) cause winds to blow from the North or South in the Northern Hemisphere?
South
SH winds blow from the ______ in this cell. They are called ________ Trade Winds
Southeast, south easterlies
Air moving up from the equator toward 30 degrees North, then descending. Some of it will circle back along the surface toward the equator.
The Hadley Cell
(3 celled model) At what latitudes would we expect low pressure?
The equator (?)
( 3 celled model) At what latitudes would we expect high pressure
The poles
The coldest place on earth
The poles
Some of the descending air at 30° N will spread northward. Assume that it meets the southward-moving polar air at about 60° latitude, near the surface. The air that is coming from the south will be warmer than the polar air. When two masses of air come together like this, one must rise. Which one rises, and why?
The warm air because it is less dense
The poles have descending air and high pressure at the surface so we call it
Thermal High Pressure
We call air that rises from the equator to the top of the troposphere and then spreads out
Thermal Low Pressure
Air (from the equator?) will rise only to the top of the _____. There it will spread out.
Troposphere
Between 30° & 60° N & S, surface winds are known as the
Westerlies
In the single celled model surface air flow will be
With the speed of the earth (?check?)
Descending air at 30 degrees latitude creates
a high pressure at the surface
At about 30 degrees latitude
air descends
The poles have ____ air
descending
Land/Sea Breezes are caused by ______ heating of the land and water, This pattern is _____
differential; diurnal
During the winter, the Monsoon brings _______ conditions, while during the summer it brings ________.
dry (in winter?) moist (in summer?)
The poles have ____ air pressure at the surface
high
Any time you have ascending air, the surface pressure will be
low
The equator also has ____ air pressure at the surface
low
Between 30° & The Equator, surface winds are known as the ____________ in the northern hemisphere and the_______in the southern hemisphere
northeasterly trade winds, southeasterly trade winds
In the single-celled model air at the equator will
rise
In the single-celled model air at the poles will
sink
The hottest place on earth
the equator
Currents moving from Low latitudes to high are ____while those moving from high to low are ____
warm, cold
A Monsoon is a seasonal reversal in:
wind direction