Quiz 8 Weather and Climate (Lectures 10, 11 & lab 4)

During the daytime Valley/Mountain Breezes are caused by mountain sides that are ________ than the valleys. Thus, air flows _________ as a ______

thinner; Upslope; valley breeze

We would expect this flow of oceans to continue until

they hit land mass

Winds are always named for the direction of their

origin

During the daytime, it manifests itself as

(Air moving from high to low) SEA BREEZE

The equator has a latitude of

0 degrees

At what latitudes do you expect periodic heavy rains?

0 degrees and 60 degrees

Where might we find the ITCZ?

0 degrees/the equator

3 celled model- we would expect to find arid conditions at

30 degrees North and South

At what latitudes do you expect deserts?

30 degrees and 90 degrees

The poles have a latitude of

90 degrees

The equator has what kind of air?

Ascending

What type of weather is associated with the ITCZ

Clouds and rain

Which two factors drive the Jet Streams?

Conservation of angular momentum High pressure gradient force

Deserts are most common on the western side of continents. Why?

Due to the fact that this is where cold currents flow

High pressure that is created by the movement/rotation of the earth on its axis

Dynamic Pressure

Oceans, driven by the winds, flow from__________along the Equator

East to West

T/F: Semi-permanent Pressure Cells are fixed in their location and intensity

FALSE; varies with the seasons

What winds are warm, dry and flow downhill?

FOEHNS, CHINOOKS, AND SANTA ANAS

T/F: Deserts will only occur under the High Pressure areas of the 3-Cell model.

False (?)

T/F: The Jet Streams are strongest in the Summer

False; strongest in winter

In the single-celled model air flow aloft will be

Faster than the earth (?Check?)

The convergence and lifting of air at about 60° North causes some air to circle to the south, above the surface, completing the second cell of air motion. What is the name of this Cell?

Ferrel cell

Which of these wind patterns may be found in the European Alps?

Foehns

The circular motion of Oceanic Flow is called a:

GYRE

In the 3 celled model name the cells in order from the equator to the poles

Hadley cell Ferrel cell Polar cell

This earth will attempt to remove the imbalance of having very hot low latitudes and very cold high latitudes by allowing air movement between the two. Toward what latitudes will HOT air move?

High latitudes/Poleward

ITCZ stands for

INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

Toward what latitudes will COLD air move?

Low latitudes/toward the equator

The term 'relatively narrow bands of strong wind in the upper Troposphere' defines what?

Jet Streams

Very cold winds that flow DOWNSLOPE (often very fast) are called:

KATABATIC WINDS

During the NIGHTTIME, it manifests itself as:

LAND BREEZE (LAND COOLS QUICKLY, SEA COOLS SLOWLY)

The surface pressure at 60° North and South is called a DYNAMIC ___________ PRESSURE, because it was originally caused by the rotation of the earth.

LOW

Consider the cell from 30° to 0°. Will Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) cause winds to blow from the North or South in the Northern Hemisphere?

North

Consider the cell from 30° to 60°. Will Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) cause winds to blow from the North or South in the Southern Hemisphere?

North

NH winds blow from the ______ in this cell. They are called ________ Trade Winds

Northeast; North easterlies

Between 60° N & S and the Poles, surface winds are known as the

Polar Easterlies

Name the 2 Jet Streams

Polar Jet Stream Subtropical Jet Stream

The rest of the air circles around to the north, to descend over the North Pole, completing the third cell of motion. What is the name of this Cell?

Polar cell

Which of these wind patterns are associated with California Wildfires?

Santa Anas

Consider the cell from 30° to 0°. Will Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) cause winds to blow from the North or South in the Southern Hemisphere?

South

Consider the cell from 30° to 60°. Will Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) cause winds to blow from the North or South in the Northern Hemisphere?

South

SH winds blow from the ______ in this cell. They are called ________ Trade Winds

Southeast, south easterlies

Air moving up from the equator toward 30 degrees North, then descending. Some of it will circle back along the surface toward the equator.

The Hadley Cell

(3 celled model) At what latitudes would we expect low pressure?

The equator (?)

( 3 celled model) At what latitudes would we expect high pressure

The poles

The coldest place on earth

The poles

Some of the descending air at 30° N will spread northward. Assume that it meets the southward-moving polar air at about 60° latitude, near the surface. The air that is coming from the south will be warmer than the polar air. When two masses of air come together like this, one must rise. Which one rises, and why?

The warm air because it is less dense

The poles have descending air and high pressure at the surface so we call it

Thermal High Pressure

We call air that rises from the equator to the top of the troposphere and then spreads out

Thermal Low Pressure

Air (from the equator?) will rise only to the top of the _____. There it will spread out.

Troposphere

Between 30° & 60° N & S, surface winds are known as the

Westerlies

In the single celled model surface air flow will be

With the speed of the earth (?check?)

Descending air at 30 degrees latitude creates

a high pressure at the surface

At about 30 degrees latitude

air descends

The poles have ____ air

descending

Land/Sea Breezes are caused by ______ heating of the land and water, This pattern is _____

differential; diurnal

During the winter, the Monsoon brings _______ conditions, while during the summer it brings ________.

dry (in winter?) moist (in summer?)

The poles have ____ air pressure at the surface

high

Any time you have ascending air, the surface pressure will be

low

The equator also has ____ air pressure at the surface

low

Between 30° & The Equator, surface winds are known as the ____________ in the northern hemisphere and the_______in the southern hemisphere

northeasterly trade winds, southeasterly trade winds

In the single-celled model air at the equator will

rise

In the single-celled model air at the poles will

sink

The hottest place on earth

the equator

Currents moving from Low latitudes to high are ____while those moving from high to low are ____

warm, cold

A Monsoon is a seasonal reversal in:

wind direction