quiz 9-11: ch 10, 11, 12, 15
Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means a) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies. b) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood. c) Bill is Rh-negative. d) Bill could receive type B blood in a transfusion. e) Bill's plasma would cross-react with type O negative red blood cells.
a) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.
The doctor also ordered measurement of Wally's Na+Na+ and K+K+ levels. How is the adrenal gland related to these? a) If the adrenal does not produce aldosterone, Na+Na+ cannot be reabsorbed from the urine, and K+K+ cannot be secreted into it. K+K+ will build up in the blood, and Na+Na+ will be lost in the urine. b) If the adrenal does not produce aldosterone, Na+Na+ cannot be reabsorbed from the urine, and K+K+ cannot be secreted into it. Both compounds will be lost in the urine. c) If the adrenal does not produce aldosterone, Na+Na+ cannot be reabsorbed from the urine, and K+K+ cannot be secreted into it. Na+Na+ will build up in the blood d) If the adrenal does not produce aldosterone, Na+Na+ cannot be reabsorbed from the urine, and K+K+ cannot be secreted into it. Both compounds will build up in the blood.
a) If the adrenal does not produce aldosterone, Na+Na+ cannot be reabsorbed from the urine, and K+K+ cannot be secreted into it. K+K+ will build up in the blood, and Na+Na+ will be lost in the urine.
Which statement regarding red blood cells is true? a) Red blood cells are not capable of mitosis. b) Red blood cells have a short life span of about 10 hours. c) An anemic individual would have high hemoglobin content. d) Hemoglobin cannot be recycled.
a) Red blood cells are not capable of mitosis.
You are a 24-year-old woman who loves to run about 5 miles per day, every day. You are eating regularly and have the stamina to run long distances, but you are very slender. One of the problems that you might likely experience would be a) becoming pregnant. b) erratic sodium blood levels. c) vision-related. d) fluctuating blood glucose levels. e) a heart attack.
a) becoming preganant
The amplification of the signal from a water-soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in _______. a) cAMP in the cytoplasm b) phosphodiesterase in the cytoplasm c) water-soluble hormone in the blood d) plasma membrane receptors e) adenylate cyclase in the plasma membrane
a) cAMP in the cytoplasm
Insulin causes a) conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles. b) increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue. c) decreased amino acid absorption. d) decreased rate of glucose transport into target cells. e) increased blood glucose levels.
a) conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles.
Someone suffering from a lack of angiotensin-converting enzyme may have a problem with their a) endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries. b) alveolar macrophages within the alveolar sacs. c) septal cells of the alveolar ducts. d) squamous epithelial cells of the alveoli. e) type II pneumocytes lining the respiratory bronchioles.
a) endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries.
Which of the following hormones is/are produced by both the testes and the ovaries? a) inhibin b) androgens c) estrogens d) progestins e) testosterone
a) inhibin
The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a(n) a) permissive effect. b) integrative effect. c) antagonistic effect. d) synergistic effect. e) opposing effect.
a) permissive effect.
A toxin that blocks the stomach's ability to release intrinsic factor would most likely cause a) pernicious anemia. b) iron deficiency anemia. c) hemophilia. d) an embolism. e) leukopenia.
a) pernicious anemia.
Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the a) venae cavae. b) pulmonary arteries. c) pulmonary veins. d) coronary sinus. e) aorta.
a) venae cavae.
How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells? a) Hormones travel through the lymphatic system to target cells. b) Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells. c) Ducts transport hormones directly to target cells. d) Hormones are produced by endocrine cells that are adjacent to target cells. e) Hormones are released at synapses adjacent to target cells.
b) Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells.
What is the main difference between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in the halting of bleeding? a) The extrinsic pathway occurs outside the body, whereas the intrinsic pathway occurs inside the body. b) The extrinsic pathway begins outside the bloodstream, whereas the intrinsic pathway begins inside the bloodstream. c) The extrinsic pathway occurs during the coagulation phase, whereas the intrinsic pathway occurs during the platelet phase. d) The extrinsic pathway occurs after the common pathway, whereas the intrinsic pathway occurs before.
b) The extrinsic pathway begins outside the bloodstream, whereas the intrinsic pathway begins inside the bloodstream.
Which statement regarding respiration is true? a) The rectus abdominis muscle elevates the rib cage. b) The sternocleidomastoid muscle works to elevate the rib cage. c) Internal intercostal muscles elevate the rib cage. d) The external intercostal muscles lower the rib cage. e) Elevation of the rib cage decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity.
b) The sternocleidomastoid muscle works to elevate the rib cage.
Which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release? a) thymosin b) atrial natriuretic peptide c) glucagon d) aldosterone e) erythropoietin
b) atrial natriuretic peptide
What cells produce androgens in the testes? a) follicular cells b) interstitial cells c) corpus luteum d) nurse cells
b) interstitial cells
Which of these structures contains the "voice box"? a) pharynx b) larynx c)nasopharynx d) trachea
b) larynx
The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of a) altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary. b) neural axons, directly. c) gap junctions. d) direct mechanical control. e) releasing and inhibiting hormones.
b) neural axons, directly.
Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to __________. a) protein kinases b) plasma membrane receptors c) cAMP d) cytoplasmic receptors e) adenylate cyclase
b) plasma membrane receptors
Functions of the respiratory system include a) melanin synthesis and utilization to shield alveoli from environmental hazards. b) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration and temperature changes. c) producing leukocytes needed to defend against invading pathogens. d) generating neurotransmitters essential to the neural control of respiration. e) providing erythrocytes, especially during times of increased oxygen demand.
b) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration and temperature changes.
The endocrine system a) produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. b) relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells. c) is not involved in homeostasis. d) releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. e) is regulated mainly by positive feedback.
b) relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.
The glottis is a) the inferior margin of the soft palate b) the passage from the pharynx to the larynx. c) the opening to the pharynx. d) the cartilaginous part of the hard palate. e) a flap of elastic cartilage.
b) the passage from the pharynx to the larynx.
Which of the following correctly describes the backflow of blood permitted by a defective mitral valve? a) Right ventricle to the right atrium b) Aorta to the left ventricle c) Left ventricle to the left atrium d) Pulmonary trunk to the right ventricle
c) Left ventricle to the left atrium
Increased sodium ion concentrations in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone? a) cortisol b) renin c) aldosterone d) erythropoietin e) thymosin
c) aldosterone
A rise in the concentration of solutes in the blood or a fall in the blood volume will cause the release of __________. a) triiodothyronine (T3) b) glucocorticoids c) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) d) prolactin (PRL)
c) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Where is the respiratory mucosa found in the respiratory tract? a) respiratory portion b) lamina propria c) conducting portion d) alveoli
c) conducting portion
Which of the following pairs are mismatched? a) basophils: release histamine b) eosinophils: allergic reaction c) neutrophils: antibody production d) monocytes: phagocytosis
c) neutrophils: antibody production
Which of the following is the correct flow of exhaled air leaving the bronchial tree from the alveoli? a) terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchioles, tertiary bronchi b) bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, tertiary bronchi c) respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, bronchioles, tertiary bronchi d) primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
c) respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, bronchioles, tertiary bronchi
When the chordae tendineae are loose ___________. a) the ventricles are contracting b) the mitral valve is closed c) the AV valves are open d) the papillary muscles are contracting
c) the AV valves are open
A normal WBC count is about ________ cells per microliter. a) 4.4 million-6 million. b) 1,800-7,300 c) 1,500-4,000 d) 5,000-10,000 e) 150,000-500,000
d) 5,000-10,000
Which statement is FALSE? a) Hormones attached to special transport proteins remain in circulation longer than free hormones. b) Hormonal secretion is controlled through negative feedback mechanisms. c) Free hormones can be broken down by enzymes in the body fluids. d) All amino acid-derivative hormones are able to circulate freely within the blood.
d) All amino acid-derivative hormones are able to circulate freely within the blood.
What is the role of activated protein kinases? a) Phosphorylate proteins. b) Activate adenylate cyclase. c) Phosphorylate ADP to ATP. d) Convert ATP to cAMP by phosphorylation. e) Degrade cAMP to AMP.
d) Convert ATP to cAMP by phosphorylation.
How is the adrenal gland related to glucose levels? a) If the adrenal does not produce epinephrine, the body will not release glucose during the fight-or-flight response. b) If the adrenal does not produce testosterone, the child will not grow as fast, and his blood glucose will be elevated. c) If the adrenal does not produce aldosterone, glucose will be lost in the urine. d) If the adrenal does not produce cortisol, the child will not be able to increase blood glucose during illness or stress.
d) If the adrenal does not produce cortisol, the child will not be able to increase blood glucose during illness or stress.
Which organ system synthesizes the precursor that leads to the production of the hormone calcitriol? a) Skeletal system b) Muscular system c) Nervous system d) Integumentary system e) All of these are involved in calcitriol production.
d) Integumentary system
Marissa has had her entire thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem? a) No, hormones from the liver and kidneys will regulate calcium through the intestinal tract. b) No, the synthetic thyroid hormone will also control the calcium. c) Yes, without the calcitonin she may suffer heart failure. d) Possibly, it depends on whether the parathyroid glands were taken with the thyroid by accident. e) Yes, without the calcitonin, high blood levels of calcium will cause convulsions.
d) Possibly, it depends on whether the parathyroid glands were taken with the thyroid by accident.
Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood to maintain osmotic pressure are a) platelets. b) fibrin. c) globulins. d) albumins. e) fibrinogens.
d) albumins.
Platelets are a) immature leukocytes. b) fixed macrophages. c) giant, multinucleated cells. d) cellular fragments. e) surface antigens.
d) cellular fragments.
As the diaphragm contracts, all of the following events occur EXCEPT _________. a) the pressure inside the thoracic cavity decreases below that of atmospheric air b) the rib cage is elevated c) the size of the thoracic cavity increases d) exhalation
d) exhalation
The trachea a) always maintains the same diameter. b) is lined by dense regular connective tissue. c) ends distally at the level of the diaphragm. d) is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages. e) contains the vocal cords.
d) is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages.
Cyclic AMP is degraded by __________. a) AMP b) adenylate cyclase c) protein kinase d) phosphodiesterase e) G proteins
d) phosphodiesterase
The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The correct sequence of these steps is a) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4. b) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1. c) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1. d) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3. e) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2.
e) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2.
The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree: 1 - secondary bronchi 2 - tertiary bronchi 3 - bronchioles 4 - primary bronchi The order in which air passes through these structures beginning at the trachea is a) 4-1-3-2. b) 1-2-3-4. c)2-3-1-4. d) 3-2-1-4. e) 4-1-2-3.
e) 4-1-2-3.
Which structural feature of cardiac muscle cells enables action potentials to travel rapidly from cell to cell? a) myoglobin b) myofibrils c) desmosomes d) mitochondria e) gap junctions
e) gap junctions
The condition of low tissue oxygen levels is known as a) hyperventilation. b) emphysema. c) cystic fibrosis. d) pneumothorax. e) hypoxia.
e) hypoxia.
Which hormone is a very effective antioxidant, one that may protect CNS neurons from free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? a) insulin b) glucagon c) calcitonin d) melanin e) melatonin
e) melatonin
During the Resistance Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome, which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood volume and the conservation of salts and water? a) glucocorticoids b) epinephrine and norepinephrine c) growth hormone (with PRL) d) glucagon (with ADH) e) mineralocorticoids (with ADH)
e) mineralocorticoids (with ADH)
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation? a) hemocytoblast, myeloblast, reticulocyte, megakaryocyte, RBC b) lymphoblast, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, band cell, RBC c) monoblast, promonocyte, myelocyte, band cell, RBC d) stem cell, erythroblast, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC e) myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC
e) myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC
The effect of prolactin closely interacts with the hormone a) calcitonin. b) renin. c) ADH. d) melatonin. e) oxytocin.
e) oxytocin.
A chamber shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the a) larynx. b) glottis. c) trachea. d) vestibule. e) pharynx.
e) pharynx.
Surfactant a) is produced by pneumocytes type I b) is not found in healthy lung tissue. c) phagocytizes dust or debris. d) replaces mucus in the alveoli. e) plays a key role in keeping alveoli open.
e) plays a key role in keeping alveoli open.
