Quiz 9 & 10

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of their total blood volume.

20%

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with:

A brain injury

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

A tourniquet proximal to the injury

A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:

Apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:

Apply direct pressure to her arm wound

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:

Apply direct pressure to the wound.

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

Arterioles.

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

Assess for an exit wound.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. Law enforcement personnel have ensured that the scene is safe. The patient is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

Assist the patient's ventilations.

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a head injury?

Briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient?

Circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of collisions in a typical impact in a motor vehicular crash?

Collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicle

A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10-foot steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:

Control the bleeding, begin CPR, stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately.

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

Dermal layer

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

Fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approx. two days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

Gastrointestinal bleeding.

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely?

Head injury

In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:

Infection

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:

Irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

Is ejected or partially ejected.

A hematoma develops when:

Large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged

The upper jawbones are called the:

Maxillae

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:

Osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously.

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

Place additional dressings over the wound.

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for:

Potential airway compromise

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approx. 20 feet and is lying unresponsive on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should:

Rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live.

A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is:

Rapidly transporting her to the hospital.

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an airbag that did not deploy upon impact, you should:

Remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

What type of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

Rotational and rollover

During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a:

Shotgun

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?

Skeletal muscle

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

Superficial burn

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?

The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area

The Adam's apple is:

The upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

You should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if:

Traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include:

Transport to a trauma center

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

Turn the backboard onto its side.

Capillaries link the arterioles and the:

Venules.

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT's immediate priority should be to:

Wear gloves and facial protection