Quiz Ch. 7 Dental Terminology

What does ANUG stand for?

Acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis

Examination of Oral Tissues

Before the dentist examines the teeth, an inspection of the oral tissues is done to determine the condition of the mouth. This usually is performed by visual observation by using regular, dental, and halogen lighting with or without special dyes. The tongue is grasped by a gauze pad and extended to full length, and the gingiva and cheek (buccal mucosá) areas are palpated. A variety of diseases may be found in the oral cavity such as:

Torus palatinus

Bony overgrowth or elevations in the roof of the mouth

What are you looking for in the examination of teeth?

Dental Caries. Incipient caries. Rampant Caries. Recurrent Caries. Arrested caries. Simple Cavity. Compound cavity. Complex Cavity.

Universal charting

Each adult tooth has a number from 1 to 32, and the deciduous teeth range from A to T. Assessment begins at the maxillary right third molar (1), progresses along the arch to the maxillary left third molar (16), then down to the mandibular left third molar (17), and back around to the mandibular right third molar (32). The deciduous teeth follow the same pattern using letters instead of numbers.

What do you check in initial examination?

Health history, checking vital signs, making a visual assessment, palpating the head structures and mouth conditions, and examining the oral cavity.

What does the Health History Include?

-Patient's symptoms -General medical condition that will assess the ability to perform treatment -Allergies that will prevent reactions to materials and injections to be used -Medication schedule to help plan appointment timing -Past history of surgeries and illnesses may indicate special treatment conditions or care -Lifestyle and habit concerns over smoking, exercise, sugar intake, and so forth -Medical doctor's name for backup information or consultation -Emergency contact numbers and HIPAA selections for family member involvement

What is Palpation?

One method of determining the condition of a tissue is to palpate (PAL-pate = touch or feel) an area. The dentist uses finger pressure to sense swellings, softness, irregularities, or movement in skin and mouth tissues. Lymph nodes and neck muscles are tested for lumps or swellings, and lip, cheek, tongue, and mouth tissues are also examined for irregularities. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area is palpated for movement and tenderness. The dentist may also use a stethoscope to ausculate (awes-SKUL-ate = listen to movement) the joint area and the blood flow in the carotid arteries in the neck.

These are all examples of ________________________ Oral lesion Gingivitis Periodontitis Periodontal abscess Pericoronitis Fistula Aphthous ulcer Fordyce granules Thrush Candida albicans Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Cheilosis Mucocele Glossitis Geographic tongue Hairy tongue Fissured tongue

Oral Tissue Examination Findings

Dental decay varies by?

Size and position of decay. They have 3 classification

Oral Cancer

Some lesions of a suspicious nature can be detected in the mouth and are examined more closely with excision and biopsy to determine if they are malignant or premalignant. A malignancy is a cancerous tumor with the ability to infiltrate and spread to other sites.

Avulsion

Tearing or knocking out, Forceful removal of tooth

Palmer charting

Teeth are numbered 1-8 with a bracket indicating quadrant location. Each central incisor is tooth 1, and the quadrant signal indicates which quadrant. Deciduous teeth are lettered A (central incisor) to E (second molar) with a quadrant indicating bracket.

Ankylosis

Tooth fixation, retention of a deciduous tooth past the exfoliating time, or retention of permanent teeth that are fixed in the tooth socket because of the absence of periodontal ligaments; may be a result of heredity, disease, or constant trauma

What do the xrays allow us to see?

Underneath the tissue. Abscess. distal/mesial cavities.

Temporomandibular Joint

Union of the joints of the temporal and the mandibular bones. Many problems can arise in this area for an assortment of reasons and causes. Treatment varies from bite adjustment to bone surgery. Facial color is observed, and an evaluation of the external lip structure.

Bell's Palsy

a sudden but temporary unilateral facial paralysis from an unknown cause but may involve swelling of the facial nerve from an immune or viral infection.

Periapical Abcess

abscess is also called a gum abscess. An abscess results from necrosis (death) of pulp tissues.

Periodontal

abscess originating in and progressing from inflammation of periodontal tissues; differs from periapical abscess, which originates in the pulp and progresses to the apical tip.

Oral Lesion

altered inflammatory tissue or infected patch in the skin. Causes could be infection, hemorrhage, ulcerations, extra melanoma, fat deposits, amalgam tattoos, dilated veins, or other causes. Associated symptoms may be pain, swelling, or pus. Lesions that affect tooth tissues are called caries.

Dental Caries

are also known as decay or carious lesions. One cause of decay is the Streptococcus mutans bacteria, which produce acid to destroy tooth tissues through decalcification and demineralization of the enamel tissue and its matrix, and later moves into other tissue structures.

What is incipient caries?

beginning decay.

hairy tongue:

black or dark brown projections resembling hairs arising from the tongue dorsum; may be caused by medications or drug treatment.

What are vital signs?

blood pressure, respiration, temperature, pulse, and pain. These signs may not be taken and recorded at each visit, but during the first, or initial, examination it is important to obtain these measurements.

Complex cavity:

decay involving more than two surfaces, usually charted as mesiocclusodistal (MOD) or any other three or more surfaces.

Simple cavity:

decay involving one surface of the tooth, usually on the occlusal surface, the lingual surface of maxillary incisors, or fissured buccal or lingual surfaces of the mandibular posterior teeth.

Compound cavity:

decay involving two surfaces of a tooth, usually charted as mesio-occlusal (MO), disto-occlusal (DO), or any other two surfaces.

recurrent caries

decay occurring under or near repaired margins of tooth restorations.

arrested caries

decay showing no progressive tendency.

fissured tongue:

deep crack in center of tongue dorsum; considered a developmental cause.

geographic tongue:

flat, irregular, red lesions on the dorsum of the tongue.

Bruxism

grinding of teeth

What is ANUG?

highly inflamed and dying gingival tissues. ANUG is also called trench mouth or Vincent's infection

Periodontitis

inflammation of the gingiva with involvement of deeper periosteal tissues indicated by formation of pockets and bone loss. A common name for this diseased condition is called pyorrhea (pie-oh-REE-ah = pus collection).\

cheilosis (key-LOH-sis; cheilo = lips, osis = condition):

inflammation of the lip, particularly at the corners of the lips. Primary causes include candidiasis, vitamin B deficiency, or lack of vertical dimension at the commissures because of ill-fitting dentures.

glossitis (glah-SIGH-tiss = tongue inflammation):

inflammation of the tongue from various reasons, topical and systemic.

circumvallate papillae:

large, mushroom-shaped papillae on the posterior dorsum area of the tongue; considered to have developmental cause.

abfraction

loss of tooth surface in the cervical area, caused by tooth grinding and compression forces. `

Gingivitis

redness and swelling of the gingival tissues that may be caused by irritants, disease, habits, improper hygiene, and poor general or nutritional health.

ankyloglossia (ang-keh-loh-GLOSS-ee-ah):

shortness of the lingual frenum; tongue tied

aphthous ulcer

small, painful ulcer within the mouth; also called canker sore.

mucocele (MYOU-koh-seal):

soft nodule commonly found on the lower lip, caused by trauma to accessory salivary gland.

Candida albicans

sore, white plaque areas resulting from long-term antibiotic therapy permitting fungus buildup.

Trismus

tension or contraction of the mastication muscles; may result from mouth infection, inflamed glands, and some diseases, such as tetanus (commonly called lockjaw).

Fistula

tissue opening for pus drainage, providing some pain relief from buildup of pulpal pressure.

herpes (HER-peez) simplex virus (HSV):

vesicles or watery pimples that burst and crust; caused by a virus; also called fever blisters or cold sores when on the lips, and gingivostomatitis when present on the oral mucosa. Types of herpes simplex are

Attrition

wearing away of tooth structure from normal causes such as chewing

rampant caries:

widespread or growing decay.

Pericoronitis

Inflammation around the crown of a tooth. Pericoronitis happens quite often with erupting third molar teeth.

Which part of the assessment process can you recognize facial imbalances which may suggest various diseases?

Visual Assesment

Abrasion

Wearing away of tooth structure from abnormal causes such as malocclusion or bad habits

Erosion (Gnawing away)

Wearing away or destruction of tooth structure as a result of disease or chemicals such as stomach acid.

Can a facial imbalance suggest various diseases?

Yes!

Tic Douloureux

a degeneration or pressure on the trigeminal (fifth cranial) nerve that causes neuralgia and painful contraction of facial muscles; also known as trigeminal neuralgia.