Quiz- Chapter 1
1. True or False: Ravi is unable to choose the right career path after completing his college education. He plans to visit a psychologist who might help him find the right career. In this scenario, Ravi is most likely to visit a human factors psychologist.
False
3. True or False: Psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes.
True
5. Which of the following statements is true about the different types of psychologists? a. Health psychologists apply psychology to the criminal justice system. b. Clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and change self-defeating behavior. c. Counseling psychologists deal exclusively with clients who suffer from serious psychological disorders. d. School psychologists focus on planning instructional methods for a school system rather than on individual children.
B. Clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and change self-defeating behavior.
10. __________is the school of psychology that argues that the mind consists of three basic elements—sensations, feelings, and images—that combine to form experience. a. Functionalism b. Structuralism c. Existentialism d. Behaviorism
B. Structuralism
8. __________ is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence. a. Reinforcement b. Conditioning c. Critical thinking d. Introspection
C. Critical Thinking
7. ______ psychologists believed that learning consisted of both overt behaviors and meaningful "wholes." a. Humanists b. Functionalists c. Gestalt d. Behaviorists
C. Gestalt
9. Which of the following statements is true of psychoanalysis? a. It primarily breaks conscious experience down into objective sensations and subjective feelings. b. It was founded by B. F. Skinner. c. It aims to help patients find socially acceptable ways of expressing wishes and gratifying needs. d. It believes that observable behavior can be changed only through reinforcement.
C. It aims to help patients find socially acceptable ways of expressing wishes and gratifying needs.
6. Wilhelm Wundt used __________ to try to discover the basic elements of experience. a. psychoanalysis b. existentialism c. reinforcement d. introspection
D. Introspection
2. True or False: According to the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, animals cannot be harmed under any circumstance while conducting research.
False
4. True or False: Correlations allow us to determine causality.
False
