quiz review
nearly all
Enzymes are important for what reactions in a living system?
solid gas liquid
In what physical state does water exist in the natural environment? Choose all that apply.
electrons
Which particles are important for how an atom interacts with other atoms and for chemical reactions?
Electrons Neutrons Protons
Which particles make up an atom? Check all that apply.
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Which saccharides are considered simple carbohydrates?
To gain stability
Why do atoms form bonds to achieve a full octet in the valence shell?
buffer
A [answer] is a substance that keeps the pH of a solution relatively constant and is highly stable.
bond
A molecule is when two or more atoms [answer] together.
the same number of protons and electrons.
A neutral atom must have:
membrane
A phospholipid bilayer makes up the cell _________.
Hydrophilic; hydrophobic
A phospholipid has a _________ head and ________ tail.
Nitrogenous bases in nucleic acid
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U) are what?
energy
Carbohydrates are macromolecules that can be broken down in the cell to release _________.
By decreasing the activation energy requirement
How does an enzyme increase the rate of a biochemical reaction?
8
How many electrons in the outer shell of an atom are generally needed for stability?
Acidic
If a solution has a high concentration of H+, it is what?
a strong base
If a solution has a pH of 12, it is considered what?
4-6
If a solution has a very low concentration of H+, it will have a pH in what range?
Adenine (A)
In DNA, thymine (T) pairs with what nucleotide?
Liquid Gas Solid
Matter can be in what forms? Choose all that apply.
nucleotides
Nucleic acids are made up of what monomer?
Carboxylic acid group R-group Amino group
Proteins are composed of which molecular groups? Choose all that apply.
complex carbohydrate
Starch and Glycogen are examples of what kind of carbohydrates?
the activation energy
The difference in the amount of energy between the reactants to the transition state is what?
Lipid, triglyceride
The image below depicts what type of molecule?
Proteins
The majority of enzymes are what kind of macromolecule?
protons and neutrons
The nucleus of an atom is made up of which subatomic particles?
valence electrons
The outer most electrons in an atom are called what?
The concentration of H+ ions
The pH of a solution describes what?
Cohesion and adhesion Expanding when frozen The ability to moderate temperature Excellent solvent High surface tension
The polar nature of water and the hydrogen bonds it can form contribute to what properties of water? Choose all that apply.
5-Carbon sugar Nitrogen containing base Phosphate group
What are the molecular components of nucleotides?
Temperature pH level
What environmental conditions are most commonly important for the function of enzymes? Choose all that apply.
Bring information from DNA to the rest of the cell
What is one of the main functions of RNA?
Water's polar covalent bonds
What is responsible for the ability of water to form hydrogen bonds?
Amino acids
What is the basic unit, or monomer, for proteins?
They have many functions, including as endocrine signals.
What is the function of steroids?
Single-stranded
What is the structure of RNA?
Reactants that an enzyme can act on
What is the substrate in a reaction?
covalent
What kind of bond is characterized by the sharing of electrons?
ionic bond
What kind of bond is characterized by the transfer of electrons?
Transition state (the activated complex)
What state is most unstable during a chemical reaction?
Waxes Steroids Phospholipids
What types of molecules are classified as lipids? Choose all that apply.
They are stored as triglycerides.
When carbohydrates are low, fatty acids can be broken down for energy in a process called beta-oxidation. What happens to fatty acids if there are enough carbohydrates for energy?
Atoms Water Bricks
Which items are matter? Choose all that apply.
He
Which of the following is not a molecule?
The transition state
Within the active site of an enzyme, the amino acids' side chains interact with the substrate. When the substrate binds, it causes a slight conformational shift in the enzyme and active site, which induces what in the substrate?
activation
_________ energy is the amount of energy a reaction needs to start.
DNA
_________ forms a double helix.