Quizlet questions ch 13 viruses

provirus

A ________ Is an animal virus which remains silent while integrated in the host genome or replicated as a plasmid.

Envelope

The mechanism of entry for an animal virus is primarily determined by whether or not the virus has a(n) ________ (structure)

Burst

The number of phage particles released from the host cell is called the ________ size.

induction

Through the process of phage ________, a prophage is excised and enters the lytic cycle.

growth

Tumors result from a defect in the regulation of cell_________.

Plants

Which of the following can be infected by viroids?

Integrase

Which of the following directs the incorporation of phage DNA into a bacterial chromosome?

Complex phage

Which of the following is NOT a classification of bacteriophage based on the type of infe they produce in the host?

Prophage

Which of the following is used to describe the phage DNA that is latently incorporated into the bacterial host genome?

Lysis

Which term refers to the physical rupture of a cell?

Nuclease

One of the early proteins expressed in the T4 lytic cycle is an enzyme called a(n) _____________ that degrades the bacterial DNA.

Generalized transducing

Phage heads that contain only bacterial DNA are called ______________________ particles.

Uncoating

After a virus enters a cell, the nucleic acid seperates from the protein coat, a process called ____________.

Chronic infection

After initial infection with or without disease symptoms, infectious virus is released from host with no symptoms.

Latent infection

After initial infection, virus is maintained in neurons in non-infectious state. Virus reactivated to again produce disease symptoms.

Reverse transcriptase

An enyzme that uses an RNA molecule as a template to make a complementary copy of the DNA is called what?

Hepatitus B Virus

An example of a chronic infection is:

Cold sores

An example of a latent infection is:

Influenza

An example of an acute infection is:

Lysogenic

An infection that results in the integration of bacteriophage DNA into the chromosome of a bacterial host is a ________.

Endocytosis

Animal viruses that do not have an envelope can only enter a host cell by ______________.

Proteins Nucleic acids

At a minimum, all viruses are composed of which of the following?

receptor

Attachment of a bacteriophage to a host cell involves the binding of a protein on the phage to a(n) ____________ on the cell surface or to an appendage such as a pilus.

Immunity to superinfection

Protection of lysogens from infection by the same phage is called which of the following?

obligate intracellular parasites

Because they are dependent on host cells, viruses are classified as what?

Proofreading

RNA viruses have a higher mutation rate than DNA viruses because replicase lacks a ____________ ability.

Photo-oncogene

Stimulates cell growth.

DNA polymerase

DNA viruses often encode their own ________ for DNA synthesis and gene expression.

The host cell cytoplasmic membrane

Enveloped viruses acquire their outer covering from where?

Budding

Enveloped viruses exit host cells by _________.

Retrovirus

HIV is described as a ___________ because it replicates its RNA genome by using reverse transcriptase to produce a DNA intermediate.

Specialized

In _______ Transduction, only bacterial genes adjacent to the prophage can be transferred.

Generalized

In _______ transduction any bbacterial gene can be transferred.

Excision

In a lysogenized bacterium, __________ of the prophage results in a lytic infection.

Homologous recombination

In specialized transduction, bacterial DNA is integrated into the host genome by which of the following?

CRISPR

In the ________ system, bacteria retain small portions of phage DNA from an infection and use it to recognize and block subsequent infections by the same phage.

Assembly

In which phase of the T4 lytic cycle are new phage particles put together?

Release

In which stage of viral multiplication would you expect to see "budding" occur?

Tumor supressor gene

Inhibits cell growth

spikes

Many animal viruses have proteins (glycoproteins) called __________.

Death

Non enveloped viruses are released upon __________ of the host cell.

Excision

To maintain the lysogenic state, a repressor protein prevents expression of the gene required for __________.

Productive

Viral infections that result in the formation of new virus particles are described as which of the following?

Acute infection

Virus disappears after disease ends.

Genome Host

Viruses are classified based upon _________ structure and ________ range

Glycoproteins

What are the molecules (receptors) that viral spikes attach to on the host cell typically composed of the following.

Generalized Specialized

What are two types of Transduction?

Latent

What infections are analogous to lysogenic infections by bacteriophages in that they involve a viral genome that is silent in the host cell?

lysogenic conversion

What is it called when a bacterium acquires new traits due to the prophage it carries?

Temperate

What name is given to a phage which either cause a lytic infection or can incorporate its DNA into the host genome as a lysogenic prophage?

Specialized

Which form of transduction results from excision errors during the transition from lysgenic to lytic cycle?

Envelope

Which term is used to describe the phospholipid bilayer found surrounding the capsid of some viruses?

Apoptosis

Which type of cell death do some viruses trigger as a means of being released?

Temperate

_______ phages enter the prophage state

Lytic

________ phages burst the host cell shortly after infection