Quizzes 6 & 7 EXP3422

Which of the following therapeutic approaches for avoidance behavior is consistent with the 2-factor theory of avoidance, and why?

Systematic desensitization; it extinguishes the fear response so that the avoidance response will no longer be negatively reinforced.

The notion that the opportunity to perform a higher-probability response can serve as a reinforcer for a lower-probability response is consistent with which of the following theories of reinforcement?

The Premack Principle

Which of the following is consistent with the 2-factor theory?

Before fear reduction can provide instrumental reinforcement for the avoidance response, the fear has to be conditioned by a Pavlovian process.

Which of the following statements about punishment is NOT correct?

Punishment cannot produce lasting changes in behavior. Punishment can work well to cause long-lasting changes in instrumental behavior, when applied under ideal conditions.

Which of the following experimental manipulations has been used in studies supporting a role for R-O associations in instrumental learning?

Reinforcer devaluation.

A pigeon learns that pecking a red key light produces bird seed. One theoretical account holds that this type operant conditioning results from an association formed between the red light and the bird seed. This would be an _____________ association.

S-O

According to Thorndike's Law of Effect, the O

is important only as a catalyst for the learning of the S-R association.

According to principles of instrumental learning, avoidance responses are supported by

negative reinforcement.

In the 2-factor theory of avoidance learning, fear is

created by the Pavlovian process.

Which of the following strategies would most increase the effectiveness of a very mild aversive stimulus as a punishment for a particular instrumental response?

First punish the response in question with a higher intensity aversive stimulus.

According to the Premack Principle,

a more probable response can serve as a reinforcer for a less probable response.

In an instrumental conditioning procedure, a hungry rat is trained to lever-press for food pellets. According to Premack, the reinforcer is the

act of eating the food.

In the Response Allocation approach, the behavioral bliss point is defined as:

an organism's preferred distribution of activities before an instrumental conditioning procedure is imposed.

A child is reprimanded for running inside the house when her parents are present, but not when she is alone with the babysitter. This is an example of:

discriminated punishment. The presence of the parents is a discriminative signal for punishment; the child knows she will not be punished for running if they are not there.

Which of the following types of punishment would be most effective at suppressing an undesirable behavior?

immediate and not signaled.

The primary difference between punishment and positive reinforcement is that

in punishment, the outcome is an aversive stimulus, whereas in positive reinforcement, the outcome is a desirable stimulus.

Avoidance responding is usually considered a type of

instrumental learning.

When speaking of the relationships between S, R and O in instrumental learning, the S represents:

the contextual stimuli.

In his Law of Effect, Thorndike proposed that

the reinforcer causes an S-R association.

In the Response Allocation approach, when an instrumental contingency is imposed,

the subject will be unable to distribute behaviors such that they are at their bliss point.