Quizzes
Establishing construct validity would probably be most important for which of the following? A) A measure of love B) A measure of someone's weight C) A measure of blood pressure D) A measure of blood glucose (sugar)
A) A measure of love
Dr. Sheffield has now decided that he wants to test his measure on some university students (who some estimates say have a 6% prevalence rate of compulsive gambling). He has a group of 100 university students complete his measure. He also has them complete two other measures (one that measures addictive behavior in general and one that measures general attitudes toward gambling). He finds that his new measure is positively associated with each of these other measures. This procedure has provided evidence for the ________ of Dr. Sheffield's measure. A) Convergent validity B) Discriminant validity C) Content validity D) Predictive validity
A) Convergent validity
In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other? A) Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained B) Inconvenience to participants vs benefit to the researcher C) Importance of the research versus financial cost to conduct the study D) Time investment of the study versus complexity of the study
A) Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained
Dr. Ellison finds a relation between the amount of sleep and problem solving. Specifically, having a higher amount of sleep the night before an exam is associated with higher scores on two measures of problem solving. This is an example of which type of association? A: Positive association B: Zero association C: Negative association D: There is not enough information to answer this question
A: Positive association
When examining the statistical validity of a frequency claim, one should look for the: A) Length of the measurement B) Margin of error estimate C) Statistical significance D) Strength of the association
B) Margin of error estimate
The paper we read for Discussion section (Burrow & Rainone, 2017Preview the documentView in a new window), study 1 found that the number of likes individuals received on their Facebook profile pictures was positively related to self-esteem. What kind of variable is self-esteem in their first study (study 1)? A) Manipulated variable B) Measured quantitive variable C) A constant D) Measured nominal variable
B) Measured quantitive variable
Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then he will wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kline plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr. Kline asks his participants to provide informed consent. Doing this is adhering to which principle of the Belmont Report? A) The principle of beneficence B) The principle of respect for persons C) The principle of integrity D) The principle of justice
B) The principle of respect for persons
Hosea is studying the relationship between caffeine consumption and problem-solving ability. Which of the following is a quantitative way to operationalize problem-solving ability? A) Whether participants used insight or trial-and-error techniques to solve the problem B) The time spent solving a math problem C) The type of puzzle solved (Sudoku puzzle or a crossword puzzle) D) The report of a teacher about whether a student is a good or bad problem solver
B) The time spent solving a math problem
Dr. Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble. Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition, he creates a new measure of pathological gambling. The measure has 15 questions, and it takes 20 minutes to complete. To test his measure, Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people in Gamblers Anonymous (GA) and another group in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). He finds that people in the GA group have higher scores on his new measure than people in the AA group. Why did Dr. Sheffield do this? A) To obtain evidence for convergent validity B) To obtain evidence for criterion validity C) To obtain evidence for content validity D) To obtain evidence for face validity
B) To obtain evidence for criterion validity
The two biases of intuition discussed in the text are: A: The present-present bias and the confederate bias B: Being swayed by a good story and being persuaded by what comes easily to mind C: Probabilistic thinking and nonintuitive thinking D: Overconfidence bias and oversimplification bias
B: Being swayed by a good story and being persuaded by what comes easily to mind
Elliott is double majoring in English and psychology. He plans on being a high school English teacher and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. All of the following are important reasons for him to be a good consumer of research EXCEPT: A: He will likely need to read research related to enhancing his teaching B: He will likely need to be a producer of researcher as well C: He will likely be asked to read research studies in his future psychology classes D: He will likely encounter research studies described in popular magazines he reads
B: He will likely need to be a producer of researcher as well
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1 Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated. Refer to Research Study 1.1 to answer the following four questions. Susan's prediction that students who have all three needs met will experience greater satisfaction with their psychology class is an example of which of the following? A: A theory B: Research C: A hypothesis D: Data
C: A hypothesis
Which of the following allow us to make better predictions using association claims? A: Strong positive associations B: Strong negative associations C: Both A and B D: Neither A or B
C: Both A and B
Marvin reads a journalistic report of a research study about the effects of bullying on anxiety. However, he noted the researchers only included middle-school girls in their study and questions whether the results would generalize to boys. Which validity is Marvin asking about? A) Statistical B) Internal C) Construct D) External
D) External
Hosea is studying the relationship between caffeine consumption and problem-solving ability. He decides to measure problem-solving as the number of problems completed within 10 minutes. What kind of variable is this? A) Categorical B) Interval C) Ordinal D) Ratio
D) Ratio
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1 Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated. Refer to Research Study 1.1 to answer the following four questions. Deci and Ryan's general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is an example of which of the following? A: Data B: Research C: A hypothesis D: A theory
D: A theory
A psychiatrist is testing a drug that treats depression. He has given the drug to all his patients and all of them have experienced a decrease in depressive symptoms. Although this is interesting, his experience is limited because he does not have a: A: Hypothesis B: Psychotherapy to supplement the drug C: Reliable way to measure depressive symptoms D: Comparison group that did not receive the drug
D: Comparison group that did not receive the drug
Asking questions to get the answers we want or expect is known as: A: Availability heuristic B: Overconfidence C: Cherry-picking of evidence D: Confirmatory hypothesis testing
D: Confirmatory hypothesis testing
Which of the following is true of the relationship between hypotheses and theories? A: A supported hypothesis proves a theory is true B: Hypotheses lead to theories C: A theory is a statement of specific hypotheses about the data you've collected D: Hypothesis are predictions about what would be observed in the data if the theory is accurate
D: Hypothesis are predictions about what would be observed in the data if the theory is accurate
Vinai learns from published research articles that people with schizophrenia have a problem labeling their emotions. Using this information, he designs a research study to examine whether teaching patients with schizophrenia to label the emotions of people they see in movie clips helps them to better label their own emotions. Vinai hopes that the findings of this research could be used to create an intervention used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Vinai's approach is an example of: A: Consumer research B: Applied research C: Basic research D: Translational research
D: Translational research
