quizzes adolescence

Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and a significant increase in time devoted to leisure activities.

What is the main difference in time-use between 15- to 17-year-olds in the late 1970s and 15- to 17-year-olds in the early 2000s? Boys had a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and girls had a significant increase in time devoted to leisure activities. There was a significant decline in time devoted to homework among girls. Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and leisure activities. Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and a significant increase in time devoted to leisure activities.

participant observation

A research technique in which the researcher "infiltrates" a group of individuals in order to study their behavior and relationships is called: naturalistic observation. a longitudinal approach. a demographic approach. participant observation.

personal; conventional

According to Smetana, adolescents often judge keeping one's room clean and style of dress as _____, whereas parents tend to judge these issues as _____. personal; conventional personal; moral conventional; personal moral; personal

children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents are not psychologically different from those with straight parents.

According to many well-designed studies that have looked at the psychological consequences of growing up with lesbian or gay parents: the quality of the parent-child relationships at home is more contentious than in straight families. children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents are not psychologically different from those with straight parents. children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents differ substantially from those with straight parents in the domains of gender identity and sexual orientation. children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents suffer from more emotional turmoil than children and adolescents with straight parents.

the youth culture.

According to some commentators, teenagers have become separate from adult society to such an extent that they have established their own society, which undermines parents' authority and emphasizes peer deviance. This society is called: the Woodstock generation. the dead poet's society. the lost boys. the youth culture.

industrialization.

According to the textbook, all of the following contributed to the rise of the adolescent workplace in the United States, except: industrialization. the expansion of the service sector. the expansion of the retail sector. a relatively short school day compared with other countries.

adult orientation; peer orientation

Adolescent peer groups fall along two dimensions: _____ and _____. clique orientation; crowd orientation crowd orientation; clique orientation adult orientation; peer orientation peer orientation: adult orientation

decrease in family values.

All of the following contributed to the rise of age segregation in contemporary society, except: tougher child labor laws. rise of secondary education. decrease in family values. increase of extracurricular activitieS

sleeper effect of divorce.

Although Sarah's parents divorced seven years ago, the counselor at school attributes Sarah's poor school performance and delinquent behavior to the divorce. This counselor is probably referring to the: deferred effect of divorce. sleeper effect of divorce. generation gap between adolescents and parents. sluggish adjustment of adolescence.

positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges

Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does connection mean? a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges respect for societal and cultural rules

students in small schools are more likely to participate in school activities.

Comparisons of large and small schools reveal that: small schools actually offer more varied curricula. students in large schools are more likely to participate in school activities. small schools have more material resources. students in small schools are more likely to participate in school activities.

All of these are correct.

Cory works long hours. According to the research presented in the textbook, Cory might increase in which of the following? aggression school misconduct minor delinquency All of these are correct.

both selection and socialization.

Dawn has always enjoyed school and excelled in her classes. In middle school, she has connected with a group of friends who also enjoy school and her grades have continued to improve. They often spend time studying together. This is an example of: selection. socialization. both selection and socialization. None of these are correct.

comprehensive high school

During the 1920s, the _____ was designed to meet the needs of a diverse and growing population of young people. comprehensive high school middle school vocational school parochial school

parents' fears that cross-sex cliques will lead to early sexual activity.

Eleanor Maccoby states all of the following reasons that adolescents separate themselves into same-sex cliques, except: cliques are formed on the basis of shared activities and interests. adolescents' increasing concerns about sex roles. adolescents' concerns about being ostracized by their friends for engaging in cross-sex activities. parents' fears that cross-sex cliques will lead to early sexual activity.

Because the Internet has become more accessible to more and more people, the digital divide has become much smaller.

How has the digital divide changed over the last 50 years? As a result of the accessibility of new technologies, the digital divide has continued to grow. As public access to the Internet has spread, the digital divide has become larger. Because the Internet has become more accessible to more and more people, the digital divide has become much smaller. Because smartphones have become more popular and common, the digital divide has become larger in recent years.

the big-fish-little-pond effect.

One potential explanation for the finding that gifted students who are integrated into regular classrooms have more positive academic self-conceptions than those in special classes is: the standing-on-the-shoulders-of-giants effect. the big-fish-little-pond effect. the upward-social-comparison effect. the bird-in-the-hand effect

teachers in middle and junior high schools feel more confident in their teaching abilities.

Jacquelynne Eccles describes all of the following changes in school environment when moving from elementary school to middle school or junior high school, except that: middle and junior high schools are larger and more impersonal. teachers in middle and junior high schools feel more confident in their teaching abilities. teachers in middle and junior high schools are less likely to trust their students. teachers in middle and junior high schools are more likely to believe that students' abilities are not easily modified through instruction.

not likely.

Jim and Stacey are the parents of two preteen girls. Throughout the girls' childhood, the family has enjoyed fairly harmonious relationships. The likelihood that they will experience serious problems as the girls go through adolescence is: highly likely. average. not likely. not easily predicted.

indulgent.

Max tells his friends that his mother is a "real marshmallow" who does whatever he wants and who never enforces the rules she tries to set. If Max's statement is true, his mother is best characterized as: indulgent. authoritarian. nonresponsive. demanding.

the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Research has shown that teachers tend to favor high-achieving students by providing extra cues for answers and more positive nonverbal behaviors than for lower-achieving students. Such evidence provides support for the notion that teachers' expectations may contribute to: superior performance of lower-achieving students. better performance of all students. lower performance of all students. the self-fulfilling prophecy.

clique avoiders.

Research on the structure of cliques during high school has suggested that adolescents can fall into any of the following categories, except: liaisons. isolates. clique members. clique avoiders.

relational aggression

Sarah is a popular teenage girl who has just been made captain of the cheerleading squad. She is very socially adept, and notices that Britney, her social rival, is starting to enjoy more attention from their peers than Sarah receives. Jealous, she decides to start a rumor about Britney that she knows will cause many people to stop liking Britney. Sarah's behavior is best described as an example of what? reactive aggression friendly fire aggression relative aggression relational aggression

get a job at the local music store

Stan's parents both work long hours. They are concerned that he doesn't have enough interaction with adults. If they want him to be exposed to positive interactions with adult role models, which of the following activities should they not encourage him to do? join the high school baseball team run for student council get a job at the local music store join the drama team and audition for the school play

miss the opportunity to pursue certain careers for which she may be well qualified.

Taisha was discouraged from taking math classes throughout her high school years. Although she is intelligent, a likely long-term implication of this biased tracking is that Taisha will: not pursue a college education. miss the opportunity to pursue certain careers for which she may be well qualified. attempt to take these classes on her own. bring a lawsuit against her school for discrimination.

adolescents carrying beepers and reporting their moods when paged.

The Experience Sampling Method involves: observing individuals in their natural setting. witnessing change in the makeup of the population. adolescents carrying beepers and reporting their moods when paged. researchers becoming participants during their observations.

things like social skills, friendliness, and sense of humor; highly variable

The determinants of sociometric popularity are ______, though the determinants of perceived popularity are _____. highly variable; things like social skills, friendliness, and sense of humor things like social skills, friendliness, and sense of humor; highly variable good looks and wealth; athletic ability and school achievement athletic ability and school achievement; unknown

standards-based reform

What is a policy that focuses on policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of standards measured by achievement tests? tracking standards-based reform zero tolerance school vouchers

diversity and accessibility

What two dominant characteristics distinguish the development of postsecondary education in contemporary America from that in other parts of the world? diversity and accommodation diversity and accessibility diplomacy and accessibility democracy and accommodation

using the restrictive strategy.

Kim lives in a poor neighborhood. As a result, Kim's mother drives her to school each morning and refuses to let her go out after dark. According to the textbook, Kim's mother is: suffering from the empty nest syndrome. using the promotive strategy. using the prohibitive strategy. using the restrictive strategy.

they have very different family experiences, both through differential treatment by parents and their own perceptions of similar experiences.

One potential reason that Mallory and Mikey, a brother and sister growing up in the same family, have completely different personalities may be that: they have very different family experiences, both through differential treatment by parents and their own perceptions of similar experiences. gender differences in perception show that males are less likely than females to notice differential treatment by parents. they are not identical twins and so share only half of their genetic material. Mallory's athletic abilities lead Mikey to engage in sibling rivalry with her.

family socioeconomic status

Which of the following is considered a shared environmental influence for siblings? family socioeconomic status differential treatment by parents peer relations school experiences

school climate

Which of the following is most important in influencing adolescents' learning and psychosocial development? school climate size of the school amount of money spent on extracurricular activities racial composition of the school

The adverse consequences of divorce for adolescents are directly linked to living in a single-parent household.

Which of the following is not a finding of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents? The quality of an adolescent's relationship with important adults in the adolescent's life is more important than the number of parents in the home. It is the process of going through a divorce, not the change in family structure, that most affects the adolescent's mental health. The adverse consequences of divorce for adolescents are directly linked to living in a single-parent household. Some of the differences in the effects of divorce on adolescents are a result of genetic differences among individual adolescents.

Many adolescents have both positive and negative experiences while socializing on the Internet.

Which of the following statements about adolescents' social communication on the Internet is most supported by scientific research? Adolescents' online friendships are likely to displace in-person friendships. Most adolescents use the Internet to communicate with people that they have never met or that they do not see in person. Many adolescents have both positive and negative experiences while socializing on the Internet. The majority of adolescents have not seen someone post something mean about someone else on the Internet.

Among those teenagers and parents who report having problems, the great majority had problematic relationships during childhood.

Which of the following statements about family conflict is true? Family problems are more likely to occur during adolescence than in other developmental periods. Among those teenagers and parents who report having problems, the great majority had problematic relationships during childhood. Adolescents frequently report declines in the quality of family interactions. A large percentage of families who have positive relations during childhood develop serious problems during adolescence.

The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs increased dramatically during the first decade of the twenty-first century.

Which of the following statements about the history of the student worker is not true? The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs rose dramatically during the 1970s. The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs has decreased in the last 15 years. The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs increased dramatically during the first decade of the twenty-first century. The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs declined during the first four decades of the twentieth century.

Most cyberbullying is conducted anonymously.

Which of the following statements regarding Internet harassment is false? Perpetrators of Internet harassment are likely to show problems in social skills. Perpetrators of Internet harassment also engage in typical bullying. Many of the same adolescents who report having been victimized also report bullying others and these adolescents have the greatest adjustment problems. Most cyberbullying is conducted anonymously.

All of these statements are true.

Why is it hard to know whether exposure to messages about drinking and smoking actually change adolescents' behaviors? Adolescents are not exposed to the mass media as blank slates. When adolescents are exposed to the mass media, they bring preexisting values, beliefs, and expectations to the experience of watching or listening to mass media. Preexisting values, beliefs, and expectations influence what adolescents perceive, what they pay attention to, and what they remember. All of these statements are true.

homicide in schools involves primarily White students.

With respect to violence in schools: the number of school shootings has been steadily increasing since the 1990s. although school shootings that garner public attention generally involve White youth, a disproportionate number of homicides in schools involve non-White youth. homicide in schools involves primarily White students. school officials are becoming more skilled at identifying which students are most likely to be involved in school shootings.