race and ethic test 2
what is the cultural bond that spanish speaking folks share that states GOD has planned a great destiney yet to be realized
"La Raza Cosmica" (The Cosmic Race)
1970-2005 prison grew _____%
700
major way to describe Latino adaption
Cultural pluralism- their influence long last in US culture
which Latino group has the highest povety rate
PR
2 sterteotypes of jews
christ killers too intelligent
In the 19th century, education for Native Americans was
offered by white‑controlled schools as a way to civilize Native Americans.
1915 U.S. Supreme Court began slow swing to protection of black civil rights in what 2 ways
- end of grandfather clause - voter registration rises
3 things about family in PR culture
- identity - sense of purpose - extends to dating( not 2 indivuals but 2 familes)
the immigration reform and immigant responsibility act did what 2 things to restirct legal and undocumented immigration
- increased board patrol - income requirements for families sponsoring
Government employed three steps to reduce federal control and subsides for native americans
- indian claims commissions -termination act -employment assistance
3 reasons why native americans sued the us department of agriculture
- indian farmers discouraged from applying for disaster assitance and loans - fill out more complicated forms or less assistance -guidlines interpreted more harder
what kind of conditions in Jewish home country contributed to their success(3)
- learned self sustained jobs - merchants scholar - skills usesful in industrial US
4 negative powers of BIA
- which tribal groups are officially goverment acknowledged - defines who is indian - oversea land sales - oversea banking highway and utilities
3 options to do with PR
-Independence -51st State -Leave things the way they are (i.e., US Colony)
4 factors that contributed to Jewish upward mobility
-Skilled laborers -Values (delayed gratification, seriousness of purpose, patience, perseverance) -Entire family unit -Education
3 Latino cultural attibutes
-casual attitude toward time - lack of eye contact - little physical space
Indian Reorganization Act (1934) did what 6 things
-indian civil and culture rights - semi autonomous tribal government - economic development for reservations - end land allotment - BIA supervision of land sales -preferential hiring of indians in BIA
Jewish education attainment today (2)
-much higher than US population as a whole - schooling in Jewish religion and culture persist
jewish defense league 2 goals
-reinvigoration of ethnic pride - arm control to protect communities
Five Conditions of Slavery
-slavery was for life - slavery was inherited - slaves were considered property - slaves were denied rights -coercion used to maintain
type of Jews in 1st wave 2nd wave 3rd wave
1- Sephardic 2- Ashkenazi 3- eastern Europe
3 primary difference from cubans vs whites
1- jobs is not life itself 2- more collectivism 3- actions reflect group over individual
the amount of black labor that was stolen between 1620-1865 is projected to be about
1-97 trillon
about how many indian marriage involve non indian spouse
1/2
the number of African american who attend college is about _____ of whites
1/2
what number of Jewish have interfaith marriages
1/3
only ___ of native americans live on reservations the rest live on _____
1/3 town and cities
what percent of populatio is lations
17%
slave trade was abolished in
1808
3.The largest group of Jewish immigrants to the U.S. came during which period? 1750 1800 1800 1840 1880 1920 1920 1940
1880-1920
under which act could a native american ward of the government become a citizen if they showed themselves competent in managing individual land allotment
1887 dawes act
which year had the most number of lynchings?
1892-1901
what year did us annex PR
1898
3 peak immigration periods for mexican
1910-1930 1942- 1954 1965- now
year to PR recieve citizenship
1917
which Jewish immigration wave had marranos
1st
4 major cuban immigration
1st elilte 2nd- professional upper and middle class teacher doct etc(light skin) 3rd- working class and small buisness 4th- mariel immigrants
about what percent of the population is Jewish
2%
how many latinos are mexican
2/3
that sector characterized by job instability low wages and little mobility and few white workers
2ndary labor market
black unemployment rate is _____ than whites
2x
during all years of stop and frisk white were ______ likely to be found with weapons
2x
native american unemployment is______ as high as overall population and to live below poverty line
2x
povery is _____ higher on the PR mainland
2x
What percentage of land is currently controlled by Native Americans in the continental United States?
3%
blacks make up ____ of population yet _____ of imprisoned
30 % 60 %
education was not a priority for Jews until
3rd wave of Eastern immigrants who established schools and taught Jewish practice
blacks are _____ likely to live in poverty compared to white
3x
PR population today
4.7 million, high fertility rates
drop out rate for latinos living in central cities
45%
of the senior officials of the U.S. Government economic, financial, and monetary institution Jewish represent what percent
65%
who controls most US media
7 Jewish men
about what percent of black population is made up of immigrants
7.7%
what percent of Native Americans live off reservations or in urban areas
78%(NY #1 city)
3 characteristics of the Marianismo
Accept male dominance family responsibilities Nurturing role
In recent decades, opinion polls have found that Jewish views on racial matters are most similar to which of the following groups? a. African Americans b. white Protestants c. white Catholics d. Irish and Italian Americans
African Americans
movement for native americans that was used to combat Police, housing, employment discrimination Alcohol rehabilitation
American Indian Movement (AI
Amended in 1994 to permit the right to use, transport, and possess peyote for religious purposes
American Indian Religious Freedom Act (1978)
which type of Jew is represented most in Government economic, financial, and monetary institution
Ashkenazi Jew
what was founed in 1961 for PR which offered Guidance, encouragement, and financial assistance Culture pride, self-confidence, further education
Aspira
Which collective term recognizes the shared origins of Americans of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin and best emphasizes their cultural pluralism and cultural maintenance? a. Spanish Americans b. Latinos c. Braceros d. Chicanos
B- latinos
laws that required businesses to close on Sundays and who did they affect
Blue laws Jews
top 2 latino religions and percent
Catholic 68 Protestant( pentecostalism)
what was once a derogatory term but now a powerful mexican movement
Chicano power
stated that reservation lands should be divided among individual families
Dawes Act
what is the basic of latino cultural interaction and states all humans deserve measures of respect
Dignidad
3rd wave of Jewish immigrants from? experienced? pro? problem?
Eastern Europe pogroms most influential new and old Jew conflict
which wave of Jewish immigration has the largest group of immigrants
Eastern Europe- 3rd wave
3 ways in which the latino experinece varies
Ethnic group Area of country Period of time
between cuban generations you see a
Ethnocultural identity
T/F The term "Indian" is the name several major Native American groups called themselves at the time of their first contact with Europeans.
False
how did native americans feel about the land
Harmony with the land
what was estbalish to deal with native american treaty violations
Indian Claims Commission (1946)
top 3 countries in order of highest Jewish population
Israel united states France
which group does Not a specific religious grouping
Jewish
which group has played a critical role in perserving the 1st amendment right and seperations of church and state
Jewish
only battle that native americans won
Little Big Horn (1876) - Montana
Jews who were forced to covert publicly to Christianity during Spanish inquisition under threat of death but who privately maintained allegiance to Judaism
Marranos
least segerated non european group
NA ( spatial assimilation)
Largest advocacy group
National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)
Traditional Jewish religious ritual and theology are the strongest in which of the following? a. Reform Jewish congregations b. Orthodox congregations c. Conservative congregations d. equally strong in Conservative and Orthodox congregations
Orthodox congregations
which latino group has the highest poverty rate
Puerto Ricans
which act spent 10-years restoring black-white relations
Reconstruction Act of 1867
4 NA enviromental justice problems
Reservations as radioactive dumps Reservations as garbage dumps Water rights Strip mining
Racially segregated railroad cars, churches, cemeteries, schools, and hospitals are examples of a.Jim Crow laws. b.only prejudice. c.isolate discrimination. d.contemporary ethnic framing.
a. Jim Crow laws.
Which is NOT a major reason that Jewish Americans have opposed Affirmative Action programs in the last several years? a.They feel that nonwhite minorities do not deserve the jobs they are likely to get under such programs. b.Such programs violate the principle of merit to which Jewish leaders have long been committed. c.Such programs recall memories of quota restrictions against Jews in earlier decades. d.Such programs may disproportionately affect Jewish Americans' access to college degrees and perpetuate the effects of past anti Jewish discrimination.
a. They feel that nonwhite minorities do not deserve the jobs they are likely to get under such programs.
When it comes to the mass media, a. only around 2 percent of regular television characters are Latino. b. the percentage of Latino characters has increased substantially to around 20 percent. c. there are not enough Latino actors to accept television roles. d. Latino viewers feel satisfied with the amount of Latino actors in the media.
a.only around 2 percent of regular television characters are Latino.
9. Puerto Ricans on the mainland a. prefer to live in central cities because of the proximity to job opportunities. b. have been excluded from most decent housing markets. c. are not "steered" by real estate agents to housing areas that are already predominantly black or Latino. d. as a group have suffered much less housing discrimination than African Americans.
b have been excluded from most decent housing markets.
Which statement does NOT describe Cuban Americans today? a. Cuban Americans are more prosperous than other Latino groups. b. Poverty is almost unknown among Cuban Americans. c. Cuban Americans have experienced discrimination from non‑Latino U.S. whites. d. Cuban Americans have experienced language discrimination in the U.S.
b. Poverty is almost unknown among Cuban Americans.
Public lynching of blacks a. was most common during the slave period. b. from the Civil War to the present--at least half have gone unrecorded. c. was most common in the decade just before World War II. d. after World War II increased dramatically.
b. from the Civil War to the present--at least half have gone unrecorded.
In the most recent school year, the majority of black students attended a. integrated public schools in urban areas. b. schools that were predominantly minority. c. segregated rural schools. d. integrated neighborhood schools.
b. schools that were predominantly minority.
An accurate description of the slave family should include a.the desire to work hard so that they could be freed. b. strong African American attempts to maintain family stability. c.the fact that African American women were allowed to protect their children by keeping them from hard labor. d.white women because they often helped African Americans escape.
b. strong African American attempts to maintain family stability.
Recent research shows two divergent patterns to economic mobility over the first few generations of Mexican American adaptation. Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to these economic mobility differences? a. immigrant status b. weakening community support structures c. level of education d. continuing discrimination
b. weakening community support structures
an inaccurate belief produced by anti semitism was that Jews were dominating and overrepresented in which industry
banking
4 indian stereotypes
beast savage squaw drunk
Jews entering the U.S. during the third major immigration period often came a. because of government-sponsored massacres in their homeland. b. to find better educational opportunities in the U.S. c. because U.S. industrialists actively recruited them as factory laborers. d. to earn money and return to their homeland.
because of government-sponsored massacres in their homeland.
African american culture can be reffered to as 2 things
biculture, know the dominate culture as well as own oppositional culture
term white as racial self designation for europeans developed in the context of contact as africans and americans who they referred to as
black and red
cubans restored what kind of communities
blighted communities
type of mexican immigrants with short term permits
boarder crossers
for jewish Americans Religion is important ___, but not _____
bond cohesive
The Mariel immigrants were one of the most recent waves of immigrants from Cuba to the US, many considered to be a. poor and undesirable b. economically prosperous c. criminal and mentally ill d. both a and c
both a and c
type of immigrants from mexico that are there for seasonal farm workers on contract
braceros
type of religion NA use
broad world of spirituality(one that encompasses the whole of the world[animals water wind etc])
what was established to coordinate federal relations with indians and had authority supervision of reservations
bureau of indian affairs
Today, a. just over one million Puerto Ricans live on the mainland. b. fewer than one million Puerto Ricans live on the mainland. c. Puerto Ricans make up about nine percent of all Latinos on the mainland. d. fewer Puerto Ricans live on the mainland than in Puerto Rico.
c. Puerto Ricans make up about nine percent of all Latinos on the mainland.
Cuban __________________ is a religious practice, mixed with Catholicism and older African religions, which was brought to the US by many Cubans? a. Afro-Catholicism b. Cubalisimo c. Santeria d. Rastafarian
c. Santeria
In a recent Census survey, the median age of Cuban Americans was, a.younger than the U.S. population as a whole. b.younger than other Latino groups. c.higher than the U.S. population as a whole. d.about equal to the U.S. population as a whole.
c. higher than the U.S. population as a whole.
1. The period of heaviest Cuban immigration to the U.S. was a. just after Cuba became a U.S. protectorate in 1902. b. during the Batista dictatorship in the 1950s. c. in the decade following Cuba's 1959 revolution. d. since 1980.
c. in the decade following Cuba's 1959 revolution.
Which is NOT a power of the BIA today? a. to define who is officially an Indian b. to determine which tribes are officially acknowledged by the federal government c. to draw voting district lines in non‑reservation areas with large Native American populations d. to supervise tribal governments and tribal trust funds
c. to draw voting district lines in non‑reservation areas with large Native American populations
The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act a. abolished penalties for employers who hire undocumented workers. b.put an end to the immigration of Mexican agricultural workers. c.granted amnesty to undocumented immigrants who had lived in the U.S. continuously since 1982. d.allowed new and unlimited immigration of undocumented workers from Mexican cities
c.granted amnesty to undocumented immigrants who had lived in the U.S. continuously since 1982.
Traditional Native American religions a. were outlawed by Congress in 1890. b. have largely disappeared because most Native Americans are Christians. c. have coexisted with the various Christian missionary invasions. d. generally see Christianity as a superior moral and ethical system.
c.have coexisted with the various Christian missionary invasions
which 2 states have population majorites that are not european
california texas
due to what many think native americans are well off
casinos
conquest and domination of preexisting geographical group by outsiders
colonization migration
native american migration is referred to as what 2 names
colonization migration external colonialism
is the social stratification or discrimination based on skin color.
color coding
which latino group is older than the general population
cuban
___ is the stereotyped notion that poor people usually develop a defective and deviant subculture.
culture of poverty
In the spring of 2006, hundreds of thousands of demonstrators from numerous Latino and other groups participated in public demonstrations in Chicago and Los Angeles to demand all but which of the following? a. fair treatment b. social justice c. legalization for undocumented immigrant workers d. the ending of the Secure Fence Act
d) the ending of the Secure Fence Act
Which statement best characterizes the comparison of racial attitudes in Puerto Rico and on the mainland? a. Racial attitudes are virtually the same in both places. b. Acculturation on the island is generally one‑way whereas on the mainland acculturation usually involves a synthesis. c. A larger spectrum of racial categories is used on the mainland than on the island. d. Cultural and family identity often supersedes racial identity on the island.
d. Cultural and family identity often supersedes racial identity on the island.
One recent study found that many Puerto Rican workers go back to Puerto Rico periodically, a. for family reasons b. to rest from the stress of discrimination c. to obtain better wages d. both A and B
d. both A and B
Which of the following does NOT characterize the experience of blacks in the U.S.? a. institutionalized discrimination b. substantial cultural assimilation c. incorporation into the core society at lower socioeconomic levels with modest chances of mobility d. largely reciprocal assimilation
d. largely reciprocal assimilation
___________________ is the location(s) a majority of Cuban immigrants settled in. a. New York City. b. Chicago. c. New York City, Boston, and Philadelphia. d. south Florida.
d. south Florida.
IQ test scores of black children a.are almost always lower than the scores of white children. b.are almost always lower than the scores of white children living in the same geographic area. c.are almost always lower than the scores of white children from the same economic background. d.have been found to improve with better economic and learning environments.
d.have been found to improve with better economic and learning environments.
which policy resulted in large scale land sales to whites and reduced native american land
dawes act
blacks drip out rates have
decreased
the majority of immigrants from mexico
do not intend to live in US
FBI reports underestimate the number of hate crimes because most us polices agncies...
do not report hate crimes
National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) 3 main focus
education legal aid progressive legislation
what type of societies did indigenous societies have
egalitarian- both men/women had respect and status
the problem of government and private dumping in communities populated by americans of color is an example of
environmental racism
european strategies for dealing with native american lands they took(5)
equal treaty deceptive treaty attempts of extermination enslavement confinement in reservations
Which of the following best fits the Jewish American experience? a. ethnogenesis b. oppositional culture c. reciprocal assimilation d. Anglo conformity in all areas
ethnogensis
violence directed at an individual or group because of that individuals or groups racial or ethnic identity
ethnoviolence
PR are one of us racial groups that still endure
external colonialism
A recent report from a Department of Education task force found that most school systems serving Native American students now
fail to meet the needs of Native American students.
T/F Since the 1970s, one of the primary reasons Puerto Ricans migrated to the U.S. was to experience less discrimination.
false
T/F Because of their extreme poverty, the children of eastern European Jewish immigrants seldom attended public schools.
false
T/F Between 1930 and 1940 the number of openly anti Semitic organizations in the U.S. sharply declined
false
T/F Most Mexican immigrants pay considerably less in income and other taxes than they receive in government benefits such as social security, food stamps, or schooling for their children.
false
T/F Placement of children with limited English proficiency in English‑only classrooms tends to increase these children's performance and self‑confidence.
false
T/F The Border Patrol, created in the 1920s, has acted vigorously since that time to keep out all undocumented workers from Mexico.
false
T/F Today, almost all Puerto Ricans living on the mainland live in New York City.
false
T/F Compared with other Latino groups, Cubans have lower levels of education and income.
false
T/F Structural assimilation has been very rapid for most Native American tribes.
false
T/F Through actions, the federal government never supported the theft of Indian lands.
false
T/F Voting rights were a reality for all Native Americans in all states after passage of the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act.
false
t/f between 1600 and 1800 most whites in the north did not own slaves or considered the slave system wrong
false
t/f the number of indians voters has not grown significantly over past few decades
false, has grown due to registration campaigns
t/f during civil rights era proportion of black workers in professional, managerial, sales, clerical, crafts decreased
false, it increased
t/f most white families owned slaves
false, only 1/4 did
t/f today native american church riturals are restricted by federal religious freedomlefislations
false, protected
t/f the black middle class has grown since 1980
false, stayed the same and has not grown significantly
t/f in conflict indians were responsible for a great number of white deaths
false,( only 1 documeted account, usually provided food and guidance )
t/f mexicans have servered in the surpreme court
false- none
Reservation life dictated by
federal government, to a degree
native americans have seen gains in what 2 areas
fishing rights land claims
first wave of Jewish immigrants from where? type? made up of? what kind on inquisition?
from- Israel tribes in middle east type- sephardic made- Spain and Portugal inquisition- Spanish(marranos)
indian land holds what 4 minerals
gas oil coal uranium
what is the hispanic paradox
healthier than the population when entering
PR intermarriage rate
high
jewish intermarriage rate trend
high
what contributes to the challenges of health care and mortality on reservations
high crime rate
in comparison to other us minority groups latino drop out rates and college attendence
higher drop out lower college
hispanics income relative to blacks
higher median income
unique about native american in terms of age trend
highest amount of young (18- under) than any other group
what stands out about PR families compared to other latinos
highest rate of single households
why do many native american children experience high dropout rates
hostile educational experience
called for the termination of federal supervison of Indian groups and Relief of fed control and compensation
housing concurrent resolution/termination act ( reject indian reorganization act and policy of forced white conformity and cut goverement cost)
3rd larges state for mexican immigrants
illinois
as of 2010 we seen a ____ in NA population, with it around
increase 2.9-3.5 million
part of native american apparent economic improvement may be due to what
increase number of people who identify themselves as Native Americans ( those with mixed ancestry reclaim their heritage are frequently more affluent)
cultural survial of NA is evident in the persistence of
indian language
which act cause within a decade many native groups migrated to the east voluntarily or by gunpoint to lands west of mississippi
indian removal act 1830
in ny stop and frisk around what percent were innocent? what percent black?
innocent 88+% black 53+%
Which of the following best characterizes the experience of Mexican Americans? a. reciprocal assimilation b. nearly complete Anglo conformity c. internal colonialism d. full structural assimilation and absorption
internal colonialism
which group is over represented among the senior officials of the us government, financial and monetary instiutions
jewish
3 well known abolitionist
lincoln doughlas tubman
how do most na choose to identify
local tribal affiliation
mainland PR voting rates
low
native american primary education concern
low enrollment
which group has the lowest levels of high school and college education of any major us group
mexican americans
colonized people sometimes reacted to european oppressors by joining
millenarian movements
oriented in the golden age in which supernatural events would change their oppressive conditions
millenarian movements
white view that Blacks have illegitimately challenged white values are are making illegitmate demands for changes in racial realtions
modern racism
do jewish earn more or less than median income for US households
more
through the years unemployment rates for NA has been far higher than
most other groups
the only subordinated racial group whose life has been routinely administered over a long period of time a bureaucratic arm of the us government
native Americans
which groups has had the most sustained and lengthy protest of any group in the history of north america
native americans
who face the worst housing conditions of any us group
native americans
who has the highest drop out rates
native americans
what was the 1st period since reconstruction in which the federal goverment gave attention to the needs of black citizens
new deal era
t/f vast majority of native americans struggle with alcohol problems ? percent compared with white
no 5.8-NA 5.1% whites
5 type of immigrants from mexico
offical visas undocumented braceros commuters boarder crossers
what was the major tax break for corption is PR which made it a advanced industrilized place ignoring agriculture
operation bootstrap
2nd wave of Jewish immigrants origin? type? from? pro?
origin- holy roman empire type- Ashkenazi from- Germany pro-better educated
3 types of jewish religion? largest?
orthodox- largest reform conservative
the majority of mexican marriage today are with
other mexicans
organized often offcially encouraged attacks on Jews
pogroms
Chicano power 2 main focus
political issues sense of peoplehood
in the split labor market which market was composed of privileged white workers, skilled jobs high wages and upward mobility
primary market
white workers sense of white superior and privilege
psychological wage
The naming of the various Native American tribes by European Americans
reflects the subordination of Native Americans
what really hurt Jewish education attainment
restrictive quotas
voter registations and turnout for mexicans has
risen substantially
in the split labor market which market was composed of workers of color, job instability, low wages and less upward mobility
secondary
when they Bureau of Indian Affairs was created how were tribes viewed
separate nations
what prevented community formation in PR communities
shuttle migration
often accompanied their economic successes (jewish)
social ostracism
3 characteristics of Machismo
strength in face of adversity Protecting/providing for family Avoiding indebtedness
what is the main reason PR came over
sugar industry
as it comes to community and union what has remained a main concern for Jewish
the survival of Israel
in 2011 ny stop in frisk more black men were stopped than
there are black men in NYC
2 of the best know forced marches by gunpoints of native americans to the east
trail of tears long walk- navajo
t/f a most traditional religious beliefs & practices of native americans are not exclusive, a person can be both christian and a tradition believer
treu
T/F In spite of anti-immigrant discussions, recent surveys found that a substantial majority of Americans still think legal immigration is good for the country.
true
T/F The number of black elected officials has increased sharply since the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
true
T/F Until they come to the mainland most Puerto Ricans seldom have had to deal with overt and extensive color‑based discrimination.
true
T/F In 1860 approximately one-fourth of southern white families owned almost four million enslaved African Americans.
true
T/F Tensions between blacks and Cuban Americans in Florida have arisen because blacks often see Cuban Americans as taking jobs away from them.
true
T/F The majority of Cuban immigrants have come to the U.S. because of political and economic problems in Cuba.
true
t/f Some Jewish voters moved from the Democratic party to the Republican party in the 1850s because of its antislavery position.
true
t/f Today an increasing proportion of Jewish Americans are accepting the intermarried into the Jewish community.
true
t/f orginally there were various african cultures such as Ibos & Akans who became a single african american people and forged a distinctive African american culture
true
t/f slavery in the north was long entrenched in the economic and legal system
true
t/f survey has shown a decline in mexicans indentifying with catholic church
true
t/f the early version of the declaration of independence attacked the slave trade
true
t/f today more jewish define jewish as a culture and ethnic group over religion
true
t/f about 58% of PR think american view them as white
true
t/f today Jewish are more Culturally Jewish, but secular in beliefs
true
t/f today may jewish ameircan dont see themselves as traditionally religious
true
t/f federal goverment requires native american profit from gaming be used for education economic development courts policing and physical structure
true
t/f historic tribes differed substantially in regard to religious beliefs, practices, language, social structure, gender roles etc
true
t/f latinos use goverment programs much less than native borns and have higher labor force participation
true
t/f over the years tribal courts have had limited jurisdiction which is making them ineffective in protecting cultural identities of these communities
true
t/f the number of americans who claim indian ancestry has increased dramatically
true
t/f the number of indians running for political office has gradually increased and the number serving in state and federal has grown significantly
true
those with no jobs, those working part time and those making poverty wages
underemployment rate
mexican are better intergrated in mainstream society in which areas
urban
cause of texas rebellion
us colonizers going beyond existing us boarders
mexicans are welcomed when? and deported when?
welcome- labor is short deported- labor is scarce
worldwide movement for the establishment in palestine of a national homeland for the worlds jewish communities
zionism
