Race Ch 3,6,9
Between 1925 and 1975, the prison population remained the same, fluctuating between 100,00 and 200,000 prisoners. By 2000, the prison population reached what number?
1,400,000
The 1969 occupation of Alcatraz Island, in which protestors demanded the island be released for the explicit development of Indian education, lasted how long?
19 months
Between 1880 and 1930, lynch mobs murdered how many black people?
2300 that we know of
Contemporary welfare programs tend to focus on changing individual behavior-- teaching clients to be more responsible, productive workers-- rather than on addressing systematic inequality. In what tradition do such programs follow?
?
President Kennedy coined the phrase "a rising tide lifts all boats" to refer to political preferences of universal, rather than race-based, policies as a strategy to eradicate inequality. Which policy most closely reflects that strategy?
?
The lack of white support for the busing system during this time is an example of what sociologists call:
?
What is an example of an association within civil society
?
Allison, a young African American mother of three, wants to move out of her predominantly black neighborhood because, as she tells people, "it is safer to raise my children in the suburbs.": Allison's notions about her neighborhood safety are not matched by arrest rates for her current neighborhood versus the suburb where she desires to move, where violent crime is 30% more likely. Allison's reactions demonstrate:
???
Some conservative politicians reacted to the Boston Marathon bombings by calling for a freeze on immigration reform. Which belief does their behavior reinforce?
???
What do Emmett Till, Charlie Lang, Ernest Green, and Henry Bedford all have in common?
All murdered 'provoked' white people
One study analyzed more than 900 films and found that, with few exceptions, which group was represented as "Public Enemy Number One"?
Arabs
What served as the institutional hub of the Civil Rights Movement?
Black Church
According to the figure below, "lifetime likelihood of imprisonment," which group has a higher chance of imprisonment than white men?
Black and Latino men
What do Figures 6.1-6.4 tell us about the relationship between race/ethnicity and crime?
Blacks were treated far worse than whites were.
In the mid-1950s, civil rights organizing shifted away from a (blank) organization and toward a focus on (blank) groups?
Bureaucratic/ Community Based
The NAACP was banned in several Southern states after refusing to release the contact information of its members. What was the effect of the weakening of the NAACP? With the weakening of the NAACP, the Civil Rights Movement shifted its focus from legal action to which kind of action?
Political protest in the streets/ Done by ordinary folk-sharecroppers, teachers, students
When George Wallace, Democratic governor of Alabama, stood in 1963 on the steps of the University of Alabama to block the entrance of two black students to the all-white university, he taught politicians two strategic lessons. The first was that politicians who opposed racial justice could garner great support from white voters. What was the second?
Promote white supremacy but never so explicitly
The influence of race and economic class in predicting the probability of serving time in prison is best illustrated by;
Racial Domination
The term we use to describe the cause of strong racial variation in civic participation is:
Radicalized economic inequality
What was the famous march in which activists walked along a stretch of land in which no black people were registered to vote?
Selma to Montgomery March
Well into the mid-twentieth century, white planters gave blacks a small piece of land on which to grow crops and live (often in squalid shacks). In return, blacks gave white planters a portion of their crops. This process was called?
Sharecropping
According to figure 9.1, the group experiencing the lowest growth in membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows following the Civil War was:
Southern Whites
Ella Baker referred to the nitty-gritty, tiresome, and unglamorous labor of chipping away at the white power structure day by day and door to door as what?
Spadework
Which of the following was a success of black nationalism?
Struck a tremendous blow to the symbolic violence inflicted on psyches of black people
What was one of the outcomes of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Supreme court rulings outlawing segregation of buses, trained black activists in non-violent resistance, focus energy on systematic racism, join movement for racial equality through public protest, black clergy as political forceà SCLC (southern christian leadership conference)
What was one of the differences between the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and the NAACP?
The UNIA placed women in the positions of leadership and was entirely led, financed, and staffed by blacks
What is "boundary work"?
The multiple ways people create, uphold, and traverse social boundaries that separate familiar from unfamiliar, welcome from unwelcome, "us" from "them". The key idea gleaned from the social science of boundary work is that racial and ethnic groups can understand one another as possessing distinct cultures and lifestyles only if they actively distinguish themselves from other groups.
In the 1960s, politicians began what has come to be known as the "war on drugs," a product of which includes increased imprisonments for nonviolent drug offenses. Which of the following was one result of the war on drugs during the 1970s?
The prisons became too full
When Eric Garner, a black man, was killed by the police in 2014, his only official crime was selling loose cigarettes. What might be another reason that the police attacked him?
They may have believed that the suspect had a weapon
Why did Democrats begin mirroring Republicans in their approach to racial politics?
They sought to account for many nonwhite communities
What was the name of the multiracial organization founded on the campuses of the University of California- Berkeley and San Francisco State College, which challenged these campuses' Eurocentric curricula?
Third world liberation front
What was the purpose of "grandfather clauses"?
To only allow whites to vote
Bartholomew Whitehouse. a panhandler and former slave, was arrested in 1898 and imprisoned for six months without trial. Which law allowed this to occur?
Vagabond law
According to opinion polls, what was one of the primary concerns of US voters during the mid-1960s?
Vietnam War and Civil Rights
By the end of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee's (SNCC's) 1964 Freedom Summer, many volunteers had been violently attacked, arrested, and even killed, indicating what?
Violence and hatred that victimized black pop. for years/ blacks disappear all the time and are never heard about
What was the first policy that prohibited voter discrimination, outlawed literacy tests, and gave the federal gov't power to oversee voter registration?
Voting Rights Act of 1965
(blank) have higher rates of civic engagement and civil participation; (blank) are less likely to join voluntary associations or participate in community activities
Whites; People of color
The biggest increase in specific prison populations occurred between 1980 and 2011, a jump from 15,118 to 111,387. This represented a 587 percent increase in the number of (blank) imprisoned.
Women
Marcus Garvey's ethnic chauvinism is best described as:
excessive loyalty toward and belief in the superiority of a racial or ethnic group - black nationalist
Over the past 100 years, social capital and civic engagement in the US has:
Declined
According to the textbook, which of the following is the most accurate statement about "political correctness"?
Discourages free thought and honest debated because people are afraid to offend their fellow citizens or be labeled racist
What is one thing that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed?
Discrimination on basis of race, religion, sex, or national origin in hotels, theatres, transportation and workplace/ created equal opportunity commission to investigate discrimination events against employees/ ended legal segregation in schools, workplace and public accommodations
Hillary Clinton's remarks during the 2008 presidential primaries, in which she stated that "hardworking" "white Americans" were supporting her and not Senator Obama, are an example of which of the following concepts?
Dog whistling
As Michael Tonry writes in Malign Neglect, "Through [the twentieth century] in periods of high intolerance of drug use, minority group stereotypes have been associated with deviant drug use" What would be an example of this phenomenon?
Chinese opium smokers à opium dens/ blacksà cocaine/ mexicansàmarijuana
What part of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was Ella Baker critical of?
Citizenship schools- taught blacks to read to pass literacy test
In 2015, thirteen students were arrested at the University of Minnesota when they conducted a sit-in at the president's office in an attempt to protest the lack of diversity in the faculty. These protestors most clearly followed in the tradition of which group?
Civil Rights (NAACP youth)
The collection of organizations and people who carried out political acts aimed at abolishing racial segregation, nonwhite disenfranchisement, and economic exploitation is called what?
Civil Rights Movement
In the 1960s, when politicians mentioned cleaning up "violence in the streets," to what were they primarily referring?
Civil disobedience tactics of civil rights activists
Robert Putnam, the author of the modern classing Bowling Alone, argues which of the following about American civil society?
Current generation is less engaged with community affairs then generations before/social capital declined in America/ more disconnected and distrustful of one another/ civil society is in TROUBLE
The American Indian movement attempted to organize against federal "Indian Termination" policies. What was the effect of these policies?
Federal recognition, aide, and protection was terminated for over 100 tribes/ loss of native landholdings/exacerbation of native American poverty
César Chávez, one of the most important Mexican Americans activists, led the 1965 Delano grape strike. What was the purpose of this action?
Gaining better wages
What is one reason why sociologists believe immigrants may commit less crime?
High rates or marriage, presence of professionals in immigrant neighborhoods, neighbors watch for criminal activity
What is the significance of the fact that the Women's Political Council had first conceived of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and had been planning it for months?
Historical accounts only show men but women provided leadership and thankless labor
Some social scientists have argues that a sizable proportion of the crime drop that occurred in the 1990s can be attributed to what?
Immigrant population
What were the two goals of the Student Non-Violent Coordination Committee's (SNCC's) 1964 Freedom Summer?
Increasing voter registration-encourage others to register and bring quality education to Mississippi's poorest areas through freedom schools!
Schools in Yazoo City, Mississippi, dedicated $245 per white child for educational expenses and only $3 per black child in the late 1950s, illustrating what?
Jim Crow- separate but equal
How did the white public justify the existence of lynch mobs?
Kept white women safe from black male rapists/ widespread fear that black men were violent
In 1960, what percentage of Mississippi's black adults was registered to vote?
Less than 2%
What were the two important institutions that arose to control and confine nonwhites-- African Americans in particular?
Lynch Mob, Prison
Contrary to popular belief, social scientific evidence has shown that immigrants:
Make America safer
The mastermind and primary spokesperson for the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) was:
Marcus Garvey
Figure 3.2 shows that the largest change in the voting gap between Blacks and Whites occurred in which state?
Mississippi
In the early 20th century, Marcus Garvey advocated a black nationalism movement that can be described as:
Movement for black power/black owned businesses, black run gov't with black military behind it
Who are Willie Horton and Lee Atwater?
Murderer/ Bushes campaign manager
Which dominant black protest organization, which preceded the modern Civil Rights Movement and was founded in 1909 by black and white intellectuals, primarily battled racial domination in the courts?
NAACP- national association for the advancement of colored people
African American fraternal lodges and federations (such as the Masons)
Nurtured African American Solidarity, supported civil rights, expressed entrepreneurial talents, paid wages to black employees, and allowed blacks to use due payments
Immigrant organizations often aim to help with adjustment to American society. For example, organizations such as the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association and the Chinese-American Planning Council:
Oversee English learning classes, career training, and cultural events, strengthen community, integrate into American life
Which of the following best describes a way that the textbook discusses "identity politics":
Political action intended to address the unique interests and hardships of groups who historically have faced oppression and who continue to be excluded from mainstream society (NAACP)
At Mississippi's Parchman Prison Farm, how many prisoners died under cruel working conditions?
1 out of 6
In his book Dog Whistle Politics, Ian Haney López describes three important "moves" of racial dog whistling. Newt Gingrich's denial that his frequent references to President Obama as the "food stamp president" had any racial basis is an example of which of these three moves?
A parry that slaps away charges of racial pandering