racial and ethics exam 2
13
African-Americans make up about ____ (Answer = 4, 13, 27, or 46) percent of the U.S. population.
Lazy violent like to like off of welfare
Describe 3 contemporary stereotypes of African-Americans.
Asian American
In general, the _____ (non-white) racial category has been advantaged over other non-white racial categories in the U.S. by much greater integration amongst European-Americans in regard to housing and education.
Harmful
In general, the research suggests that bilingual education is _____ (Answer = "helpful" or "harmful"), in terms of enhancing the education of primarily-Spanish-speaking Latino/a-American children.
15
Latino/a-Americans make up about ____ (Answer = 5, 15, 25 or 45) percent of the U.S. population.
Spain and then The U.S
Puerto Rico was first colonized by _____, and then taken over, after the Spanish-American War, by _______
Higher wages More benefits Better work conditions
African-Americans and Latino/a-Americans often face a "split labor market" situation. This means that African-Americans and Latino/a-Americans tend to hold different jobs than European-Americans. Describe 2 advantages of the jobs that European-Americans most often hold.
school segregation. Because of funding through property tax. African Americans are often tracked in the lower track because of discrimination in schools. Hosing disadvantages for African Americans leads to job segregation. When African Americans move into a community whites often move
African-Americans have faced, and face, disadvantages that European-Americans (even those who faced prior discrimination) did, or do, not have to deal with. Describe 3 disadvantages that African-Americans had, or currently have, that differ from the experiences of European-Americans.
Land
After the U.S. took the Southwestern U.S. area from Mexico through war, most Mexican-Americans who lived in this area lost their _____ through many legal and illegal means, which led to substantial poverty amongst these Mexican-Americans.
50
Approximately ____ (Answers = 5, 15, 50, or 80) percent of Puerto Ricans live on the U.S. mainland.
Asian and African
Arab-Americans have many different religious backgrounds, although most are Christian or Muslim. And, many Muslim-Americans are not from Middle Eastern backgrounds, but are in the _____ and _____ racial/ethnic categories.
5
Asian and Pacific Island Americans make up about ____ (Answer = 1, 5, 15, or 30) percent of the U.S. population.
Filipino and Asian-Indian; vietnamese
Considering the statistics of median family income and poverty rate, amongst Asian-Americans, 2 ethnic groups that are doing well (relative to European-Americans) are _______ and ________ but 1 ethnic group that is not doing well (relative to European-Americans) is_______
When people are illegal immigrants, they can't vote because they're not citizens. takes money to get elected jerrymandering
Describe 2 barriers to the contemporary political participation (that is, voting, voting power, or running for office) of African-Americans and/or Latino/a-Americans.
Media bias hate crimes racial profiling by government religious discrimination individual discrimination structural discrimination
Describe 2 common types of discrimination that Arab-Americans face in the U.S. today.
one stereotype is that they're smelly or dirty another stereotype is that they're criminally inclined.
Describe 2 contemporary stereotypes of Mexican-Americans.
Lazy submissive
Describe 2 contemporary stereotypes of Puerto Ricans.
Discrimination in the criminal justice system, there are less African American and Latinos serving on juries. The voting system. poll taxes where Latinos have to pay to vote. Latino are typically poor so they're at a disadvantage.
Describe 2 examples of institutional discrimination that African-Americans and/or Latino-Americans face in the U.S.
How politically involved your family is has an affect on how politically involved you are as an individual. Many Asian Americans live in predominately white neighborhoods, whites have anti-Asian bias' so whites don't elect them that's why they have trouble even getting into local politics.
Describe 2 factors that decrease the contemporary political participation (that is, voting, voting power, or running for office) of Asian-Americans.
There are English only laws. It creates a barrier for children who only speak Spanish because then they get behind in class because they can't understand the language. Class segregation Private schools
Describe 2 factors that limit efforts to desegregate public schools in the U.S. today.
regaining control of the boarder higher representation in politics
Describe 2 issues that Asian-American political organizations attempt to address.
Increasing political representation and participation. Decreasing the language barriers would help a lot and would help to get into the political system.
Describe 2 issues that Mexican-American political organizations attempt to address.
The U.S. presence in the middle east The U.S. says they value life but there's been many casualties political pressures on the gov't of middle eastern countries economic control of middle eastern oil
Describe 2 reasons that many Arab-Americans are critical of U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East.
Cuban Americans have lighter skin. They brought over money and higher level skills. U.S. businesses were all over in Cuba so they had network connections.
Describe 2 reasons why Cuban-Americans are doing better than other Latino/a-Americans in the U.S.
Whites who work in the lower sector prefer limits on immigration because they compete for the jobs. It's lowering the pay grade because immigrants are willing into do the work for less money
Describe 2 reasons why many European-American workers have favored strong limitations on Latino/a and Asian immigration into the U.S.
They live in poorer neighborhoods which causes schools to have less funding Language barriers low funding results in low teacher student ratios. teachers come in with low expectations, students of color are tracked in the lowest level.
Describe 3 causes of the lower educational achievements of Mexican-Americans and/or Puerto Ricans.
They're all smart They're all bad drivers They're all seen as foreigners Americans lump all Asians together even though they have different cultures.
Describe 3 contemporary stereotypes of Asian-Americans.
Desegregation of public accommodations in schools Segregation in housing leads to segregation and it affects the work place and the amount of funding for schools. Segregation in jobs and they pay blacks at lower wages.
Describe 3 issues that contemporary African-American political organizations attempt to address.
all terrorists they;re all muslim when actually from a christian origin All arabs are rich because of oil
Describe 3 myths about Arabs. (In each case, you need to describe the myth and explain why the myth is misleading.)
Glass ceiling still concidered foreigners they're all in different situations, they're not all doing well economically and educationally distorted figures. Asian americans typically have more people living in their houses. You have to concider how many people per household. not all asians bring over resources with them.
Describe 4 problems with the notion that "Asian-Americans are a model minority."
U.S. created taxes and restrictions on credit. They had to sell their land to U.S. companies. Independent farmers were driven out by the U.S. Turned into agrifarms and they had export crops and the little farmers sold their land to big farming companies.
Describe one main economic change that took place in Puerto Rican agriculture after the U.S. gained control of Puerto Rico.
Republican is anti-communist, they support businesses more and there are free market advocates.
Describe one main reason why Cuban-Americans are more conservative, and thus more supportive of the Republican Party, than other Latino/a-Americans.
They're taking all our jobs. The immigrants are really only competing with the lowest level of whites. Because they're concentrated in low level jobs. A lot of U.S. citizens believe immigrants are taking all the jobs
Describe one myth about illegal immigrants. (Note: To answer this question, you need to describe both the mythical idea and the truth.)
If Korean Americans worked or had businesses in predominately white neighborhoods they would be discriminated against. Where in the neighborhoods of color they are seen as lighter skin. They're in the middle. They are middle man minorities.
Describe one of the main reasons that Korean-Americans often open small businesses in poor African-American or Latino-American neighborhoods rather than occupying jobs in the mainstream U.S. economy.
One reason schools have high percentages of Af. Am. and Latino Am. have lower per-pupil funding is because of the neighborhoods they live in. Af. Am. and Latino Americans housing is segregated, the schools are based off the property taxes of the town. Because Af. Am. and Latino Am. have lower wages, the school has low funding as well. The schools can't hire a lot of teachers or the best teachers for their students. Where in European neighborhoods, the people have higher wages and aren't concentrated in low paying jobs. Their property taxes are higher so they can afford the best teachers and as many teachers as they need.
Describe the main reason that schools that have high percentages of African-American and Latino/a-American children tend to have a lower per-pupil-funding than schools that have high percentages of European-American children.
The Korean American merchants hire their family members to work for them instead of hiring the African American and Latinos in the community. The Korean Americans are upset with the African American and Latino residents because they come over with bias' against people of color from the media. So they accuse them of stealing.
Describe why African-American and/or Latino/a-American residents are often upset about Korean-American merchants that operate in their neighborhoods, and why these Korean-American merchants are often upset about African-Americans and/or Latino/a-American residents.
Filipinos were connected to the U.S. under politically and military connections. Men were fighting for U.S. they were promised citizenship but they were lied to.
Despite the 1924 Immigration Act, which excluded immigrants from Asia, Asian people from the Philippines were allowed to immigrate to the U.S. until 1934. Explain the main reason why Filipinos were (briefly) treated differently than people from other Asian and Pacific countries.
Japanese-Americans faced bans on purchasing land. Voting restrictions. They weren't legal citizens until 1950. So they couldn't vote. Politics is passed down through generations.
Excluding the WWII internment, describe 2 different legal restrictions that Japanese-Americans have faced in the U.S.
If business hired blacks, they would hire them at lower wages. African Americans didn't have land. They worked as farmers for low wages or they worked for room and board.
Explain 2 reasons why economic mobility did not follow-soon-after the abolition of slavery for most African-Americans.
One of the main reasons why African Americans would benefit from school desegregation is because the quality of education would be different. African Americans are often tracked in the lower track. They aren't asked to do much because of their lower track, which increases the gap between the low track kids and the higher tracked kids.
Explain one of the main reasons why African Americans benefit from school desegregation.
Hispanic refers to historical connections to Spain, Latinos also have historical connections to Native Americans and African as well.
Explain one reason that some Latino/a-Americans object to the term "Hispanic" (and "Hispanic-American").
White people from the U.S. went into Mexico and took over and used their land. The White aliens got mad at the gov't for abolishing slavery and immigration so they fought.
Explain one reason why European-Americans and the U.S. government fought against Mexicans and/or the Mexican government in the early-to-mid-1800s in (what was then) Northern Mexico.
Their more involved in the civil rights movement and lower socioeconomic class issues.
Explain one reason why most African-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and Puerto Ricans vote for Democratic (rather than Republican) party candidates.
The immigration bans were lifted in 1965. After the ban was lifted Asians started to migrate over
Explain the main reason that Asian immigration to the U.S. did not become substantial until after 1965.
The main reason that slavery was abolished in the North because the Whites in the north were worried that having a lot of slavery in the north would depress their wages. If there were slaves many of the whites and white immigrants coming in wouldn't be getting hired because owners would rather have slaves who would do labor for free rather than paying for labor.
Explain the main reason that slavery was abolished in the North (in 1780).
They want to have/keep military bases on Puerto Rico land, and they also want them for agricultural purposes.
Explain the main reason why the U.S. wanted, or wants, to control Puerto Rico.
The main reason the distinguish themselves from native born because their ancestors were not slaves brought over in the 1700s. Black immigrants align themselves with African-Americans because their viewed by non-blacks as all the same. So Black immigrants and African Americans face the same types of discrimination.
First, explain the main reason that recent Black immigrants (from Africa and the Caribbean) distinguish themselves from native-born African-Americans. Second, explain the main reason that some recent Black immigrants align themselves with African-Americans.
Divides: They come from different geographical places, they come from different cultures and live in different parts of the U.S. Brings together: discrimination because they're all being viewed as the same.
First, explain what "divides" many Latino/a-American ethnic groups from each other. Second, explain what brings (some) people from different Latino/a-American ethnic groups together.
Strict
In general, U.S. employers have generally favored ____ (Answer = "strict" or "loose") U.S. immigration laws and enforcement of these laws.
Spain was driven out by the U.S. in 1898 and the U.S. was in political and financial control of Cuba.
Many scholars argue that Cuba was an "unofficial colony" of the U.S. from 1898 until 1959. Explain the basis for this argument.
Native Americans; Africans
Most Mexican-Americans have biological connections to ______ and _____ people.
Economic reasons
Most Mexicans immigrate to the U.S. because of ________
economic reasons; cultural
Most Puerto Ricans migrate to the U.S. mainland because of ______. Many return to Puerto Rico because of ______.
Cuban Americans Korean and Vietnamese
Name 2 ethnic categories whose immigration to the U.S. could be described as more motivated by political concerns than by poverty.
Asian Indian-American Japanese-American Filipino-Americans
Name 2 non-white ethnic categories that can be described as a "middleman minority."
Iraq Afghanistan saudi Arabia
Name 3 different countries Middle Eastern Americans (or their ancestors) have come from.
Undocumented contracted labor commuter braceros
Name or describe 3 different categories of Mexican immigrants.
Spanish and then English americans
Native-Americans living in the area that is now the Southwestern U.S. were first colonized by the _____ and later Mexicans living in this same area were colonized by the _________.
Giving taxbreaks to manufactoring companies. Income went up and taxes went up. Net loss in jobs and it led to migration to the main land. They're doing poor economically.
Officially, Operation Bootstrap was designed to reduce poverty in Puerto Rico. First, describe the main strategy that was pursued during Operation Bootstrap to achieve this goal. Second, describe one of the consequences of Operation Bootstrap.
Immigrants
One factor that decreases the amount of cultural assimilation that an ethnic group experiences is a high percentage of _______ within this group.
media and government
One of the main sources of the extensive prejudice/stereotyping about Arabs in the U.S. is the _______ institution.
Native Americans, Spanish and African
Puerto Ricans have biological connections to ____ , ______, and _____ people.
Adv: they can travel in and out as they please, military protection, voting in U.S. federal without living on mainland, economic health, they would have better/more medicaid. Dis: losing culture and independence.
Puerto Rico is currently a commonwealth of the U.S. There are 3 future options for Puerto Rican political status: becoming a U.S. state, retaining commonwealth status, and becoming an independent country. Describe the advantages and disadvantages (to Puerto Ricans) of becoming a U.S. state.
Adv: Beable to grow their own government Dis: losing economic and military support
Puerto Rico is currently a commonwealth of the U.S. There are 3 future options for Puerto Rican political status: becoming a U.S. state, retaining commonwealth status, and becoming an independent country. Describe the advantages and disadvantages (to Puerto Ricans) of becoming an independent country.
Adv: can travel in and out, keep culture, a little more independent than a state, full political sovereignty. Dis: not completely independant, they don't like the presense of the U.S. military.
Puerto Rico is currently a commonwealth of the U.S. There are 3 future options for Puerto Rican political status: becoming a U.S. state, retaining commonwealth status, and becoming an independent country. Describe the advantages and disadvantages (to Puerto Ricans) of remaining a commonwealth.
have darker skin
The Mexican-Americans and Puerto Ricans that face the most discrimination are those who______
Japanese and Chinese
The _____ and _____ Asian ethnic groups began to immigrate into the U.S. in the late-1800s, while substantial immigration of the other Asian-American ethnic groups came much later.
With Split Labor Markets, blacks have lower paid and less powerful positions. Capitalists offer very few jobs so that people compete with each other. It can be race against race. They can hire blacks at a lower wage, and the white workers discriminate against the blacks or latinos. They may make it hard for them to join unions, they might not hire them. Which causes blacks to be concentrated in certain jobs and also have lower paying jobs.
The economic mobility of African-Americans and Latino/a-Americans has been limited by past and present discrimination. Describe a recent economic trend that has also slowed the economic progress of African-Americans and Latino/a-Americans.
racially segregated education
The famous Supreme Court case of "Brown Versus the Board of Education" ruled that______________ was not equal.
Elite/highclass; communism
The largest migration of Cubans to the U.S. occurred in the early 1960s, and consisted of mainly ________ Cubans who were fleeing ______ in Cuba.
unequal education based on race
The main contemporary topic discussed in the video "Beyond Brown: Pursuing the Promise" is _________.
Tracking funding - unequal funding. people can't afford to move standardized testing- high stakes, they aren't taught material, affects people careers and ability to move on to the next level of edu. segregation in schooling based on where you live.
The video "Beyond Brown: Pursing a Promise" discusses 4 main ways that racial inequality manifests itself in the contemporary U.S. educational system. Describe 2 of these ways.
harassment charged with treason
The video "Caught in the Cross Fire: Arab Americans in Wartime" discusses some problems Arab-Americans face related to their ethnicity. Describe 2 of these problems.
Mexican Americans
______is the largest ethnic group within the "racial category" of Latino/a-American.