Rad Positioning
How many separate bones are found in the adult human body? 236 206 215 181
206
What is the distance between the x-ray tube and the image receptor (IR) for a lateral forearm? 42" 39" 40" 30"
40"
The hand is pronated for the lateral forearm position. True False
False
The hand should be pronated for the AP projection of the forearm.
False
For the AP projection of the forearm, how should the elbow be positioned? Flexed 45 degrees Fully Extended Flexed 90 degrees
Fully extended
A radiograph of the elbow demonstrates the radius directly superimposed over the ulna and the coronoid process in profile. Which projection of the elbow has been performed? AP External (lateral) rotation oblique Lateral Internal (medial) rotation oblique
Internal (medial) rotation oblique
A patient arrives radiology with a metal foreign body in the palm of the hand. Which of the following hand routines should be performed to confirm the location of the foreign body? PA and fan lateral projections PA and flexion lateral projections PA and extension lateral projections PA and Gaynor-Hart Projections
PA and extension lateral projections
How many degrees of flexion of the elbow are necessary for the lateral projection? 90 degrees 20 degrees 40 degrees 45 degrees
90 degrees
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition? Lateral AP oblique with external rotation AP AP oblique with internal rotation
AP oblique with EXTERNAL rotation
The CR should be directed perpendicular to the forearm for the AP projection. True False
True
The hand is pronated for the medial (internal) oblique projection of the elbow. True or False
True
Which of the following bones are classified as a long bone? Cranium Scapula Carpal Bone Humerus
Humerus
Which of the following best describes the correct patient position for a lateral forearm? Humerus and forearm 90 degrees, but it does not matter if they are in the same plane. Humerus and forearm 90 degrees, in the same plane Humerus and forearm 45 degrees, in the same plane Humerus and forearm 45 degrees, but it does not matter if they are in the same plane.
Humerus and forearm 90 degrees, in the same plane
The bending or forcing of the hand outward with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projection is known as: radial deviation ulnar extension ulnar deviation radial abduction
Ulnar Deviation
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the ulna? Styloid process Ulnar notch Coronoid tubercle Radial notch
Ulnar Notch
How much CR angulation to the long axis of the hand is required for the tangential projection to demonstrate the carpal sulcus (Gaynot Hart)? 10 degree to 15 degrees 25 degrees to 30 degrees 35 degrees to 45 degrees 5 degrees to 10 degrees
25 degrees to 30 degrees
How much rotation of the humeral epicondyles is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow? 90 degrees 30 degrees 45 degrees 20 degrees
45 degrees
A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the ____ part to the long axis of the image receptor. Perpendicular axial adjacent parallel
Axial
Where is the central ray (CR) placed for a PA projection of the third digit? At the head of the third metacarpal At the metacarpophalngeal joint At the distal interphalangeal joint At the proximal interphalangeal joint
At the proximal interphalangeal joint
Where is the CR center for a PA projection of the hand? At the third distal interphalangeal joint At the third metacarpophalngeal joint At the base of the third metacarpal At the third proximal interphalangeal joint
At the third metacarpophalngeal joint
A radiograph of a PA oblique of the hand reveals that the mid-shaft of the fourth and fifth metacarpals are superimposed. What specific positioning error has been committed? Excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally Fingers of the hand are not parallel to IR Insufficient rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally Incorrect CR angulation
Excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally
A patient with a history of carpal tunnel syndrome comes to radiology. The physician wants to rule out abnormal calcifications in the carpal sulcus. Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this region? Gaynor-Hart Method Coyle Method Carpal Bridge Jones Method
Gaynor-Hart Method
Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal aspect of the ulna? Coronoid process all of the above Head Olecranon process
Head
The PIP joint is formed by the articulation of the ____. Base of the proximal phalanx and the base of the middle phalanx. Head if the proximal phalanx and the base of the middle phalanx. Base of the proximal phalanx and the head of the middle phalanx. All answers are true.
Head of proximal phalanx, base of the middle phalanx
What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the AP elbow? Humeral epicondyles Trochlea adn capitulum Humeral condyles Ulnar and radial heads
Humeral Epicondyles
Which of the following descibes correct IR/CR positioning for the Stetcher? IR flat, perpendicular CR IR flat, CR angled 15 degrees IR angled 20 degrees, CR angled 15 degrees IR angled 20 degrees, perpendicular CR
IR angled 20 degrees, perpendicular CR
What is the name of the joint found between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit? Proximal Interphalangeal Interphalangeal Distal Interphalngeal Metacarpophalangeal
Interphalangeal
For the lateral projection of the wrist, which surface of the wrist should be in contact with the IR? Medial Lateral Anterior Posterior
Lateral
Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the trochlear notch in profile? Lateral rotation oblique Medial rotation oblique AP Lateral
Lateral
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile? AP Lateral Medial rotation oblique Lateral rotation oblique
Lateral
For the lateral projection of the elbow, how should the hand be adjusted? Lateral with the thumb side up Pronated Lateral with thumb side down supinated
Lateral with the thumb side up
Which of the following structures is considered to be the most proximal? Olecranon Process Radial Tuberosity Head of the Ulna Radial Styloid process
Olecranon Process
Which of the following projections of the wrist will best demonstrate the wrist joint and intercarpal spaces? Gaynor-Hart PA Oblique PA Stecher
PA
The anterior portion of the hand is referred to as the ____ side. Palmer Plantar Distal Dorsal
Palmer
Which of the following is not one of the evaluation criteria applied in the evaluation of images? Anatomy Demonstrated Patient Condition Exposure Criteria Collimation and CR
Patient condition
For the AP projection of the elbow, how should the CR (central ray) be directed? Perpendicular Angled cephalically Angled Caudally
Perpendicular
How should the humeral epicondyles be aligned for a lateral projection of the elbow? Parallel to the image receptor Perpendicular to the image receptor 30 degrees to the image receptor 45 degrees to the image receptor
Perpendicular to the image receptor
Which specific anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the other lateral projections of the hand? Phalanges Carpals Sesamoid Bones Carpometacarpal joints
Phalanges
Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the image receptor (IR) for a PA oblique projection of the hand? Prevents foreshortening of radio carpal joint Prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints Opens up the carpometacarpal joints Demonstrates the sesamoid bones near the first interphalangeal joint
Prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints
Which of the following actions will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna? Placing epicondyles parallel to the image receptor Pronation of the hand Supination of the hand External rotation of the elbow
Pronation of the hand
For the medial (internal) oblique of the elbow projection, how should the coronal plane through the humeral epicondyles be placed with reference to the IR (image receptor)? Rotated medially 45 degrees Parallel Perpendicular Rotated 45 degrees laterally
Rotated medially 45 degrees
Which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? Scaphoid Trapezium Hamate Lunate
Scaphoid
Which of the following carpals articulates with the radius? Trapezium Capitate Scaphoid Pisiform
Scaphoid
When positioning the AP forearm projection, select and IR long enough to include the entire forearm from the _____ of the ulna, to the ______ of the radius. head; styloid process. olecranon process; styloid process olecranon process; head head; head
olecranon process, styloid process
The joint found between the base of the third metacarpal and carpal bones is the: intercarpal proximal metacarpophalangeal carpometacarpal interphalangeal
proximal metacarpophalangeal
