Radiographic Image Equipment (Unit Test 3)

3. Smaller than

According to the line focus principle, the effective focal spot is _____ the actual focal spot. 1. The same size 2. Larger than 3. Smaller than 4. Sharper than

1. 220/60

The main power line in a hospital is usually a ______ volt,______ hertz A.C. source. 1. 220/60 2. 440/50 3. 880/60 4. 990/50

4. High melting point

The main reason tungsten is employed as filament material in a x-ray tube is its: 1. Low phosphorescence 2. High degree of flexibility 3. High atomic number 4. High melting point

1. Reduce the risk from electrical shock

The majority of components in a modern x-ray circuit are found in the primary (low voltage) circuit. This is done to: 1. Reduce the risk from electrical shock 2. Decrease the size of the transformer 3. Reduce the size of the unit 4. Decrease the size of the tube housing

3. Passage of radiant heat to the tube envelope

The majority of heat in a modern rotating anode tube is dissipated through the: 1. Conduction of heat through the stem of the anode 2. Transfer of the space charge to the anode disk 3. Passage of radiant heat to the tube envelope 4. Absorption of electrons by the io sink

4. Rhenium

The material that is often added to a rotating anode disk to reduce surface defects and cracks is called: 1. Silver 2. Cesium 3. Lead 4. Rhenium

4. Electronic

The most common timers in use today in diagnostic radiographic equipment are called: 1. Synchronous 2. Impulse 3. Mechanical 4. Electronic

1. Filament

The negative electrode of a x-ray tube is commonly called the: 1. Filament 2. Anode 3. Target 4. Diaphragm

3. Voltage never drops to zero

The primary advantage of three-phae power is that: 1. Voltage drops to zero only six times per second 2. Voltage drops to zero only 12 times per second 3. Voltage never drops to zero 4. Voltage is always at peak value

1. mA station

The principal method by which the space charge can be increased in a modern x-ray tube is by employing a higher: 1. mA station 2. kVp setting 3. Timer setting 4. Screen speed

2. Thermionic emission

The process by which heating of the filament in the liberation of electrons in the x-ray tube is called: 1. Isotropic propagation 2. Thermionic emission 3. Thermoluminescence 4. Phosphorescence

3. 120 degrees

3-phase current consistes of three single-phase voltage wave forms seperated by: 1. 30 degrees 2. 60 degrees 3. 120 degrees 4. 180 degrees

3. 3

A full wave rectified wave form is represented by number: 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5

3. 2 and 3 only

A modern dual focus x-ray tube contains: 1. One filament 2. Two filaments 3. One anode 1. 1 and 2 only 2. 1 and 3 only 3. 2 and 3 only 4. 1,2, and 3

3. 100 mR/hr at 1 meter (3feet)

A properly designated protective housing reduces the level of leakage x-radiation to less than _____ when operated at maximum conditions. 1. 10,000 mR/hr at 1 meter (3 feet) 2. 1,000 mR/hr at 1 meter (3 feet) 3. 100 mR/hr at 1 meter (3feet) 4. 10 mR.hr at 1 meter (3 feet)

2. Single-phase half

A single diode in a circuit having an A.C. power source will produce a ________ wave rectified signal. 1. Single-phase, one quarter 2. Single-phase half 3. Single-phase, three quarter 4. Single-phase, full

1. 46.2 kW

A single-phase radiographic unit installed in a private office reaches maximum capacity at 150 ms of 110 kVp and 600 mA.What is its power rating? 1. 46.2 kW 2. 66 kW 3. 4,620 kW 4. 46,200 kW 5. 66,000 kW

3. 1 and 2 only

A spinning top device can be used to evaluate: 1. Timer accuracy 2. Rectifier failure 3. The effect of kVp on contrast 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. 1 and 2 only 4. 2 and 3 only 5. 1, 2, and 3

4. 4

A three phase alternating current wave form is represented by number: 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5

2. Solid arc, with the angle (in degrees) representative of the exposure time,

A three-phase timer can be tested for accuracy using a synchronous spinning top. The resulting image looks like a: 1. Series of dots or dashes, each representative of a radiation pulse 2. Solid arc, with the angle (in degrees) representative of the exposure time, 3. Series of gray tones from white to black 4. Multitude of small, meshlike squares of uniform sharpness

3. Reduced scatter production

All of the following are advantages of a 3-phase power supply in a modern radiographic unit EXCEPT: 1. Shorter permitted exposures 2. Higher beam quality 3. Reduced scatter production 4. Higher beam intensity

4. 1,2,and 3

Compared to a single-phase x-ray, a 3-phase unit using the same technical factors will create: 1. More x-ray photons 2. More anode heat units 3. Higher energy photons 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. 3 only 4. 1,2,and 3

1. 72 degrees 360° * .200= 72°

Determine the degree of circle (arc) that should appear on a synchronous spin top test image for a 3-phase full-wave unit produced with an exposure of 200 milliseconds, 300 mA and 50 kVp. 1. 72 degrees 2. 90 degrees 3. 120 degrees 4. 180 degrees 5. 360 degrees

4. 12 dots 120 (full wave) * .100 = 12 dots

Determine the number of dots that should appear on a manual spin top test imaged for a single-phase full wave rectified unit produced with an exposure of 100 milliseconds, 600 mA and 55 kVp. 1. 3 dots 2. 6 dots 3. 9 dots 4. 12 dots 5. 18 dots

2. Primary circuit

For safety reasons, the timer circuits for most modern radiographic units are located in the: 1. Filament circuit 2. Primary circuit 3. Secondary circuit 4. High voltage circuit

4. Single-phase, full

Four diodes can be used in a circuit having an A.C.power source to produce a _____ wave rectified signal. 1. Single-phase,one quarter 2. Single-phase, half 3. Single-phase, three quarter 4. Single-phase, full

2. Has almost no ripple

High-frequency power: 1. Is less effective than single-phase power 2. Has almost no ripple 3. Has more ripple than three-phase power 4. Is yet unproved

3. 50 milliseconds 6 ÷ 120 (full wave) = .05 or 50ms

If a manual spin top test film represented by A was taken on a properly functioning single-phase full wave rectified unit, what timer setting was employed? 1. 200 milliseconds 2. 100 milliseconds 3. 50 milliseconds 4. 10 milliseconds

3. 50 milliseconds 6 ÷ 120 (full wave) = .05 or 50ms

If a manual spin top test film that imaged 6 dots was taken on a properly functioning single-phase full wave rectified unit, what timer setting was employed? 1. 200 milliseconds 2. 100 milliseconds 3. 50 milliseconds 4. 10 milliseconds

2. 4 120 (full wave) * .033 = 3.96 or 4 dots

If a manual spin top test was taken at 33ms (1/30) seconds on a single-phase full wave rectified unit, how many dots (dashes) should appear on the image? 1. 3 2. 4 3. 8 4. 12 5. 15

4. Nothing is wrong 120 (full wave) * .033 = 3.96 or 4 dots

If the manual spin top test represented by film B was taken at 33 ms(1/30) second on a single-phase full wave rectified unit which statement best describes the unit? 1. Timer is accurate 2. Faculty valve rube 3. Pitted anode 4. Nothing is wrong

3. 12 solid state diodes

In a 3-phase, 12-pulse unit, rectifications is accomplished by employing: 1. 4 thermionic diodes 2. 6 solid sate diodes 3. 12 solid state diodes 4. Delta and Star windings

1. Tungsten-rhenium alloy

In a modern rotating anode x-ray tube, which of the following will coat the molybdenum disk and serve as the focal track? 1. Tungsten-rhenium alloy 2. Tungsten-zinc alloy 3. Tungsten-copper alloy 4. Tungsten-lead alloy 5. Tungsten-unobtainium alloy

2. Induction motor

In a modern rotating anode, the motion of the rotating disk is accomplished by the use of a(n). 1. Mechanical motor 2. Induction motor 3. Synchronoous motor 4. Solar motor

3. Anode disk

In a modern x-ray tube, the positively-charged electrode that serves as the target for the electron stream is the: 1. Primary filament 2. Induction coil 3. Anode disk 4. Electron gun

3. Bearing damage of the induction motor

In a rotating anode, the molybdenum stem is a poor conductor of heat. This material helps in preventing: 1. Thermal expansion of the anode 2. Pitting of the anode 3. Bearing damage of the induction motor 4. Excessive prep time

3. Copper

In a stationary anode tube, the target is imbedded in an anode made of: 1. Tungsten 2. Molybdenum 3. Copper 4. Rhenium

2. 2 only

In nearly all modern units, the use of the large focal spot is initiated when an exposure setting above _______ is employed. 1. 1 second 2. 300 mA 3. 100 kVp 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. 2 only 4. 1, 2, and 3

1. 1 and 2 only

In nearly all-radiographic units, the high-tension transformer is located in an oil-filled tank that also houses the: 1. Rectifiers 2. Filament transformer 3. Autotransformer 1. 1 and 2 only 2. 1 and 3 only 3. 2 and 3 only 4. 1,2,and 3

4. Tube envelope

In the diagram of the x-ray tube, the number 4 corresponds to which of the following components: 1. Induction motor ball bearings 2. Stator windings 3. Anode disk 4. Tube envelope 5. Filament

2. Step-down or filament transformer

In the x-ray circuit diagram, the letter "A" is directly above which of the following circuit components? 1. Autotransformer 2. Step-down or filament transformer 3. Kilovoltage indicator 4. Milliamperage selector

4. Rectification circuit

In the x-ray circuit diagram, the letter "B" is directly above which of the following circuit components? 1. Timer 2. Step-up transformer 3. Milliammeter 4. Rectification circuit

1. Electronic timer

Most modern three-phase radiographic units allow for exposure times as low as 1 ms of a second. The timer most commonly used for this purpose is a(an): 1. Electronic timer 2. Impulse timer 3. Synchrounous timer 4. Thyratron

4. Primary/lower

Most x-ray equipment manufacturers put the timer on the ______ side of the step-up transformer because the voltage is _____ there. 1. Secondary/lower 2. Primary/higher 3. Secondary/higher 4. Primary/lower

3. Rectifier

Pertaining to the five main components to the tube (main x-ray) circuit of an x-ray regenerator shown in the circuit diagram, the letter D refers to which of the following: 1. X-ray tube 2. Step-up transformer 3. Rectifier 4. Power source 5. Autotransformer

4. Rheostat

Pertaining to the four main components of the filament circuit of the x-ray generator shown in the diagram below, the letter B refers to which of the following: 1. Power source 2. X-ray tube 3. Step-down transformer 4. Rheostat

4. 10,000 rpm

Radiographic examinations require large tube currents and using serial exposures will often employ high speed rotating anodes with rotational speeds of about: 1. 400 rpm 2. 1,000 rpm 3. 3,000 rpm 4. 10,000 rpm

1. The 0.05-second time station is inaccurate

Radiographs from a particular single-phase-full-wave-rectified x-ray unit were overexposed, using known correct exposures. A spinning top test was performed at 200 mA, 0.05-second, and 70 kVp, and eight dots were visualized on the finished film. Which of the following is indicated? 1. The 0.05-second time station is inaccurate 2. The 200 mA station is inaccurate 3. A rectifier is not functioning 4. The processor needs servicing

1. The 1/12-second time station is inaccurate

Radiographs from a particular three-phase, full-wave-rectified x-ray unit, made using known correct exposures, were underexposed. A synchronous spinning top test was performed using 200 mA, 1/12 second, and 70 kVp, and a 20 degree arc is observed on the test film. Which of the following is most likely the problem? 1. The 1/12-second time station is inaccurate 2. The 200-mA station is inaccurate 3. A rectifier is not functioning 4. The processor needs servicing

4. Pulsating direct current with 120 pulses per second and 100% ripple

Single-phase, full-wave rectification produces: 1. Direct current 2. Pulsating direct current 3. Pulsating direct current with 120 pulses per second 4. Pulsating direct current with 120 pulses per second and 100% ripple

2. Three-phase transformers

Star and wye configuration are related to: 1. Autotransformers 2. Three-phase transformers 3. Rectification systems 4. Automatic exposure controls

3. 90 degrees 360° * .250 = 90°

State the degree of circle (arc) that should appear on a synchronous spin top test for a high frequency unit produced with an exposure of 250 milliseconds, 400 mA and 65 kVp. 1. 30 degrees 2. 60 degrees 3. 90 degrees 4. 120 degrees

5. 18 dots .150 * 120 = 18 dots

State the number of dots that should appear on a manual spin top test image for a single-phase full wave rectified unit produced with an exposure of 150 milliseconds, 300 mA and 60 kVp. 1. 3 dots 2. 6 dots 3. 12 dots 4. 15 dots 5. 18 dots

3. 2 and 3 only

The anode of a modem rotating anode tube is generally composed of tungsten and: 1. Copper 2. Rhenium 3.Molybdenum 1. 1 and 2 only 2. 1 and 3 only 3. 2 and 3 only 4. 1,2,and 3

1. Space charge effect

The collective repulsion of the electron cloud around the cathode that creates an equilibrium with the rate of electron emission by the filament is termed the: 1. Space charge effect 2. Anode heal effect 3. Thermiionic emission 4. Edison effect

3. Millampere selection

The control for the amount of filament current in most modern radiographic units is directly related to the: 1. Timmer setting selection 2. Kilovoltage selection 3. Millampere selection 4. Focal spot size selection

1. High voltage (kV) AC

The current passing between the secondary of the high tension transformer and the rectifiers is best described as a type of: 1. High voltage (kV) AC 2. Low voltage AC 3. High voltage (kV) DC 4. Low voltage DC

4. Spinning top

The device used to test the accuracy of the x-ray timer is the: 1. Densitometer 2. Sensitometer 3. Penetrometer 4. Spinning top

4. Thorium

The durability and efficiency of the tungsten filament is often improved by the addition of the metal: 1. Copper 2. Silver 3. Lead 4. Thorium

2. Step-down

The filament circuit contains a _________transformer. 1. Step-up 2. Step-down 3. Autotransformer 4. High-voltage transformer

2. Compress the electron stream

The filaments in most modern x-ray tubes are surrounded by metal collars which serve to: 1. Increase filament heat 2. Compress the electron stream 3. Accelerate the electrons 4. Prevent shock hazards

1. Prep or boost stage

The formation of the space charge in the filament of the x-ray tube is accomplished during the ________ of the normal exposure cycle. 1. Prep or boost stage 2. Rectification stage 3. Exposure stage 4. Selection stage

2. The filament selector

The high-tension portion of a modern x-ray circuit contains all of the following components EXCEPT: 1. The x-ray tube cables 2. The filament selector 3. The soiled state diodes 4. The millammeter

2. Step-down transformer

The higher amperage necessary to cause thermonic emission in the filament circuit is developed form the use of a: 1. Step-up transformer 2. Step-down transformer 3. Condenser 4. Rectifier

2. High potential required to accelerate the electrons across the tube

The higher tension (step-up) transformer of a modern x-ray circuit is most closely related to the: 1. Production of the high amperage needed to develop the space charge 2. High potential required to accelerate the electrons across the tube 3. Maximum speed achieved by the rotating anode 4. Rate at which the x-ray photons are formed in the tube

1. Automatic exposure controlled (AEC) system

The length of exposure(time) can be controlled automatically by a(an): 1. Automatic exposure controlled (AEC) system 2. Automatic exposure dynode (AED) system 3. Automatic capacitor discharge (ACD) system 4. Automatic nuclear controlled (ANC) system

2. Never drops to a zero voltage

The main advantage of 3-phase, over single-phase (full wave) current, is that in 3-phase current, the voltage: 1. Never drops below the peak voltage 2. Never drops to a zero voltage 3. Is self rectified 4. Is inverted

4. Reduced radiation output

The main advantage of the use of high frequency generating system includes all of the following EXCEPT: 1. Reduced size 2. Higher efficiency 3. Reduced const 4. Reduced radiation output

2. 0.05 second 6 ÷ 120 (full wave) = .05 sec

The radiograph illustrated in Figure 5-4 was made using a single-phase, full-wave-rectified unit with a timer and rectifiers that are known to be accurate and functioning correctly. What exposure time was used to produce this image? 1. 1/10 second 2. 0.05 second 3. 1/12 second 4. 0.025 second

3. Filament portion of the circuit

The reduction of voltage and development of high amperage by a step-down transformer occurs in the: 1. Primary portion of the circuit 2. Secondary portion of the circuit 3. Filament portion of the circuit 4. High tension portion of the circuit

4. 100%

The ripple value is the variation in voltage across the x-ray tube as expressed as a percentage of the maximum value, with a single phase system, a ripple value of ______ considered normal. 1. 3% 2. 13% 3. 79% 4. 100%

3. 3,600 rpm

The rotation speed of an anode in most single-phase x-ray units is about: 1. 200 rpm 2. 1,000 rpm 3. 3,600 rpm 4. 10,000 rpm

4. Autotransformer

The selection of voltage to the high tension transformer is most commonly made by adjusting the: 1. Exposure timer 2. Line voltage compensator 3. Filament transformer 4. Autotransformer

2. High frequency unit

The synchronous spin top diagram represented by this film is an example of a 100 millisecond exposure taken on a: 1. Self rectified unit 2. High frequency unit 3. Full wave rectified unit 4. Half wave rectified unit

2. Quantity of x-rays

The temperature of the filament in a modern x-ray tube is directly related to the: 1. Exposure time 2. Quantity of x-rays 3. Speed of the electron stream 4. Speed of the anode rotation

1. X-ray window

The thin, flattened surface of the x-ray tube envelope which allows for the minimum absorption of x-rays is termed the: 1. X-ray window 2. Primary diaphragm 3. Primary shutter 4. Focus cup

2. Autotransformer

The turns ratio of a(an) ______ can be varied by selecting the number turns between connections on a single coil. 1. Step-up transformer 2. Autotransformer 3. Step-down transformer 4. ACME III transformer

4. High frequency unit

The type of unit most likely to possess the smallest voltage ripple is a: 1. Full wave, single-phase unit 2. 3-phase, 6-pulse unit 3. Self-rectified unit 4. High frequency unit

4. 1,2,and 3

The unit of 3-phase, radiographic units, has the advantage of _____ when compared to single-phase units. 1. Shorter exposure timer settings 2. Higher millamperage settings 3. More of the beam penetrability 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. 3 only 4. 1,2,and 3

3. 17 ms (1/60 sec)

The use of an synchronous timer in a single-phase x-ray unit will permit accurate exposure times as short as: 1. 1 ms (1/1000 sec.) 2. 4ms (1/240 sec) 3. 17 ms (1/60 sec) 4. 24 ms (1/40 sec.)

5. 3%

The voltage ripple associated with a three-phase, 12-pulse recitified generator is about: 1. 13% 2. 100% 3. 1% 4. 32% 5. 3%

2. Pyrex glass

The x-ray tube envelope is composed of a heat resistant material called: 1. Bakelite 2. Pyrex glass 3. Lead 4. Wratten 6B glass

2. 6

Three-phase, full wave rectified A.C. has _____ peaks in a single cycle. 1. 3 2. 6 3. 9 4. 18

1. Step-up

To raise the voltage higher (kVp range) than the autotransformer is capable of raising it, a ________- transformer is included in the tube circuit (Main x-ray circuit) 1. Step-up 2. Step-down 3. Filament 4. ACME III

4. 1, 2, and 3

Tungsten is the primary material used in the formation of the: 1. Surface of the target of a rotating anode 2. Surface of the target of a stationary anode 3. Wire used in the helix of the x-ray tube filament 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. 3 only 4. 1, 2, and 3

4. 150 kilowatts

What is the power rating for a three-phase or high frequency radiographic unit energized at 1000 mA, 200 millisecond and 150 kVp? 1. 150,000 kilowatts 2. 15,000 kilowatts 3. 1,500 kilowatts 4. 150 kilowatts 5. 15 kilowatts

2. For the emission of primary x-rays

What is the purpose of the window in and x-ray tube? 1. For watching the x-ray production 2. For the emission of primary x-rays 3. To stop all harmful x-rays 4. Allows light to pass for centering

2. Filament

What x-ray tube component does the number 1 in figure 5-3 indicate? 1. Focusing cup 2. Filament 3. A node 4. Focal Track 5. Stator

1. Focusing cup

What x-ray tube component does the number 2 in Figure 5-3 indicate? 1. Focusing cup 2. Filament 3. Anode 4. Focal track 5. Stator

1. Anode

What x-ray tube component does the number 4 in figure 5-3 indicate? 1. Anode 2. Filament 3. Focal track 4. Focusing cup 5. Stator

1. Using a larger filament

When a radiographer changes form a small to a large focal spot for an exposure, he (she) is actually: 1. Using a larger filament 2. Increasing the filament-anode distance 3. Increasing the anode diameter 4. Increasing the anode angulations

3. An accurate timer if set on 1/30 second

When a spinning top test is performed on single-phase, full-wave rectified equipment, a radiograph exhibiting four dots would indicate: 1. An accurate timer, if set on 1/20 second 2. A malfunctioning timer, if set on 1/3 second 3. An accurate timer if set on 1/30 second 4. 2 and 3 Only

3. A 6-degree arc

When a spinning top test is performed on three-phase equipment, a timer setting of 1/60 second should indicate the following on the resultant radiograph: 1. 2 dots 2. 60 dots 3. A 6-degree arc 4. A 90-degree arc

2. The selection of a higher mA station

Which of the following changes would be associated with a higher amount of current passing through the filaments of the x-ray tube? 1. The selection of a longer timer setting 2. The selection of a higher mA station 3. The application of a shorter source-to-image distance 4. The use of a kilovoltage compensation circuit

4. 1,2,and 3

Which of the following is an advantage that a rotating anode tube will have over a stationary anode tube? 1. Increased heat dissipation 2. Higher tube ratings 3. Reduced roughing of the target 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. 3 only 4. 1,2,and 3

2. Nickel focusing cup

Which of the following is used to focus the high speed electron stream toward the target of the anode? 1. Lead collar 2. Nickel focusing cup 3. Copper anode 4. Titanium lens

3. 2, 3, and 5 only

Which of the following represent direct current waveforms: 1. 1, 2, and 3 only 2. 1 and 4 only 3. 2, 3, and 5 only 4. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

1. 1 only

Which of the following voltage ripples is(are) produced by single-phase equipment? 1. 100% voltage ripple 2. 13% voltage ripple 3. 3.5% voltage ripple 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. 2 and 3 only 4. 1, 2, and 3

2. Figure 2

Which of the waveforms illustrated in Figure 5-1 represents single-phase, full-wave rectified equipment? 1. Figure 1 2. Figure 2 3. Figure 3 4. Figure 4

4. 2 and 3 only

With three-phase equipment, the voltage across the x-ray tube: 1. Drops to zero every 180 degrees 2. Is 87% to 96% of the maximum value 3. Is at nearly constant potential 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. 1 and 2 only 4. 2 and 3 only 5. 1. 2. and 3