ramadan kareem

According to McGregor, Theory X employees generally_________________________; they must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment to get them to work; and the average worker prefers to be directed and will avoid responsibility.

"dislike work and will avoid it when possible"

Watch the video on Leadership Styles (the link is in the Chapter 6 folder under Week 6)and answer the followiing questions

1. Autocratic leadership: An autocratic leader makes decisions without the input orcollaboration of their team members. They have complete control and authority over theirteam and use their power to direct and manage their team's activities. They do nottypically seek input or feedback from their team members and instead rely on their ownexpertise and experience to make decisions. This style can be effective in situationswhere quick decisions need to be made or in environments where a hierarchical structure is necessary. However, it can lead to low morale and dissatisfaction among teammembers who may feel undervalued or ignored. Democratic leadership: A democratic leader values input and feedback from theirteam members and actively seeks their opinions and suggestions. They makedecisions based on the collective input of their team and work to build consensusamong team members. This style encourages open communication andcollaboration, which can lead to a more engaged and motivated team. However,the decision-making process may take longer, and the leader may need to balanceconflicting opinions and ideas. Free rein leadership: A free rein leader delegates decision-making andproblem-solving to their team members and provides minimal guidance ordirection. They trust their team members to take ownership of their work and tomake decisions independently. This style can be effective in situations where teammembers are highly skilled and motivated and have the expertise to makedecisions without the need for extensive guidance. However, it can also lead toconfusion and lack of direction among team members who may feel unsupportedor unsure of their responsibilities

Teams

1. Project teams •Product-development teams •Quality-assurance teams •Self-directed work teams

Support diversity initiatives and activities

1.: By supporting community-based diversity organizations, your company will generate the priceless word-of-mouth publicity that will lead qualified diversity candidates to your company.

Delegate Resources

1.: If you are serious about diversity recruiting, you will need to spend some money getting your message out to the right places.

Manufacturers and service providers differ in five basic ways

1.Nature and consumption of output - services require more customer contact and happen at the point of consumption 2.Uniformity of inputs - services are more "customized" to each consumer 3.Uniformity of output - each service is performed differently 4.Labor required - services are more labor-intensive 5.Measurement of productivity - intangibility of the service product makes measurement more difficult

How to Retain Good Employees

1.Offer training and mentoring 2.Create a positive organizational culture 3.Build credibility through communication 4.Blend compensation, benefits, and recognition 5.Encourage referrals and don't overlook internal recruiting 6.Give coaching and feedback 7.Provide growth opportunities 8.Create work/life balance and minimize stress 9.Foster trust, respect and confidence in senior leadership

Gina has 200 employees who report to her. Only 20 are direct reports; the rest are indirect reports. These 200 employees would be classified as her _____.

: A. Span of management

Promote your diversity initiatives

: Employers need to sell their company to prospective diversity employees and present them with a convincing case as to why their company is a good fit for the diversity candidate

P&G departmentalizes items based on their different brands, such as Pampers, Tide, Charmin, Tampax, Herbal Essences, Swiffer, Gillette, etc. This is an example of _____.

A.Product departmentalization

Which of these qualities have been most important in leading to his successful managementof the company as it has grown?

All of the above-mentioned qualities have been crucial in Plank's successful managementof Under Armour as it has grown. However, his visionary and innovative mindset havebeen the most important factors that led to the company's success. Plank's ability toidentify and cater to a market niche with his unique and innovative product idea helpedUnder Armour differentiate itself from competitors and gain a significant market share.Additionally, Plank's vision and passion for the brand have helped create a culture ofexcellence and accountability within the organization, which has been instrumental in itsgrowth and success.

Human Resource Management

All the activities involved in determining an organization's human resource needs Acquiring, training, and compensating people to fill those needs

Critical Thinking Questions 1.What techniques or skills should an employee have to assume a leadership role within a work group? 2.If each work group has a team representative, what problems will be faced in supervising these representatives ? 3.What are the pros and cons of the system developed by QS?

Answers: 1.To assume a leadership role within a work group, an employee should have very good technical knowledge of the tasks conducted by the team. This individual should also have some conceptual skills in order to relate to the various activities performed within the group. Finally, human relations skills are necessary for the leader to provide information to the rest of the group and for the members of the group to give feedback to their leader. 2.Each team representative is likely to defend the interests of his or her own group and to neglect the actions that may favor the performance of the other groups. In other words, the degree of team collaboration is likely to be low. 3.The program introduced by QS is likely to lead to greater employee involvement, innovation, improved collaboration among employees of each team, and employees' enhanced sense of accomplishment. Overall, it is likely to increase the firm's productivity and competitiveness. The cons, however, are that employees have to learn how to supervise themselves, something they were not used to doing under the old system. As a result, they are having difficulty getting used to their peers' authority under the new system. Training programs are necessary to teach employees how to supervise themselves and work together in teams.

Centralized organizations

Authority is concentrated at the top; little decision-making delegated to lower levels

An organization's ________ refers to its shared values, beliefs, traditions, philosophies, rules, and role models for behavior.

Culture

World Travel Tours is organized into two departments: one for frequent travelers and one for occasional travelers. This illustrates ________ departmentalization.

Customer

Production and Operations Manager

•Develop and administer the activities involved in transforming resources into goods, services, and ideas ready for the marketplace.

Aziz is the guy you call when your computer crashes. Or, he may call your boss when your social media usage on your work computer exceeds 25 percent of your 40-hour work week. Aziz is the _____.

D. It Manager

The 4 Leadership Styles are:

Democratic, Autocratic, Free-rein, Authentic

The management function which includes the following: •Motivating and leading employees to achieve organizational objectives •Telling employees what to do and when to do it by using deadlines •Determining and administering rewards and recognition

Directing

___________strategies attaining wider use include allowing full-time workers to work part-time for a certain period and allowing workers to work at home either full- or part-time.

Flexible Scheduling

Financial Manager

Focus on obtaining the money needed for the successful operation of the organization and using that money in accordance with organizational goals

Acquiring Suppliers

•Ensure products are made available to customers •Maximizes efficiencies and provides creative solutions

Involve employees

Educate all employees on the tangible benefits of diversity recruiting to garner support and enthusiasm for those initiatives

According to __________ theory, how much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange.

Equity

Degree of Centralization

Extent to which authority is delegated throughout an organization

Do you feel that Zach is using the right styles at the right time to manage the production ofthe videos effciently and effectively? Why or why not?

For Zack's example, I feel as if it may vary from case to case. A director working on anaction movie with a tight production schedule and many moving parts may find an autocraticleadership style to be effective in ensuring that all the pieces come together on time and withinbudget. By taking control of the situation and directing team members according to theirexpertise, an autocratic leader can help ensure that the project stays on track and meets its goals.On the other hand, a director working on a drama or independent film may find a democraticleadership style to be more effective. By actively seeking input and feedback from their teammembers, the director can build a collaborative and creative environment that allows for newideas and perspectives. This can lead to a more innovative and engaging final product that standsout from the crowd.Ultimately, the most effective leadership style for a movie director will depend on thespecific project, team members, and goals at hand. Successful directors often have the ability toadapt their leadership style to suit the needs of the project and the team, and to balance controlwith collaboration in a way that brings out the best in their team members and helps themachieve their creative vision

Nonfinancial forms of compensation provided to employees-on site gym, cafeteria, parking, day care, on site laundry, on-site bank or post-office

Fringe Benefits

A company that has departments for marketing, finance, human resources, and production is organized by

Function

Staffing

Hiring people to carry out the work of the organization •Downsizing

Forming a pool of qualified applicants from which management can select employees Internal sources External sources

Recruiting

What is Igne Jacobs position at Mars?

Igne Jacobs is the Global Vice President for Cocoa Sustainability at Mars. She overseesthe company's sustainability efforts in the cocoa supply chain, which includes initiatives aimed atimproving the livelihoods of cocoa farmers, promoting sustainable farming practices, andaddressing social and environmental issues related to cocoa production

Where in Africa did she travel and why?

In the video, Jacobs travels to Ivory Coast, which is the largest cocoa-producing countryin the world. She visits several cocoa farms and meets with cocoa farmers to better understandthe challenges they face and how Mars can support them. The trip is part of Mars' commitmentto promoting sustainability in the cocoa industry and ensuring a secure supply of cocoa for theirchocolate products

Formal and Informal Communication

•Formal communication channels •Intentionally defined •Designed by the organization

In his classical theory of motivation, Frederick Taylor believed that two things would improve worker productivity: linking pay to output and

Job specialization

Compared to service providers, who are more ______________ intenstive, manufacturers are generally more _______________ intensive

Labor and Machine or Capital

Vince is the owner of a popular restaurant. He hired a manager who takes care of the day-to-day operations of the restaurant and reports to Vince at the end of each week. The manager is supported by an assistant manager, who supervises the rest of the staff in the restaurant. Thus, Vince's restaurant is using a ________ structure.

Line

Administrative Manager

Manage an entire business or a major segment of a business; do not specialize in a particular function

A process designed to achieve an organization's objectives by using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment Effectively means having the intended result Efficiently means accomplishing objectives with a minimum of resources

Management

Which theory of motivation states "the more basic needs at the bottom of the hierarchy must be satisfied before higher-level goals can be pursued"

Maslows

_________ includes processes used in the making of both tangible and intangible products, whereas __________is related only to tangible products.

Operations and Production

A chart that shows the hierarchy or chain of command of an organization is called an

Organizational Chart

The management function that __: •Includes structuring of resources and activities to accomplish objectives in an efficient and effective manner •Helps create synergy •Establishes lines of authority •Improves communication •Helps avoid duplication of resources •Can improve competitiveness by speeding up decision making

Organizing

Would you ever consider doing something like this?

Personally, I would consider participating in Teach for America as a way to make a positive impact on society, gain teaching experience, and help address educational inequality. However, it is a significant commitment, and applicants should carefully consider the program's expectations and requirements before applying

Communicate diversity

Prospective employees are not likely to become excited about joining your company just because you say that your company is diversity-friendly; they need to see it.

The number of subordinates reporting to a manager is know as their____

Span of management

Managers at MBNA have noticed a significant drop in productivity at the call center. They attribute this to excessive employee use of technology. In your opinion, what is the best option to handle this problem?

Student answers will vary. Students should discuss the pros and cons for each one. Millennials often consider cell phone usage a right - not a privilege. Eliminating or severely constraining their instant access to social media often causes disgruntlement. From a manager's perspective, it increases productivity. Students should consider the following points. Benefits: •Fewer distractions = increased productivity •Managers focus on work instead of berating employees •Written guidelines create a structured environment Drawbacks: •Employee disgruntlement •Potentially lower company morale with additional policies and procedures

What is Teach for America? (provided a minimum of 2 sentences for your answer)

Teach for America is a nonprofit organization that recruits and trains recent collegegraduates and professionals to teach in low-income schools across the United States. Itsmission is to address educational inequality and provide all students with access to aquality education

The ____________ has oversight over workplace safety, wages and work hours, unemployment benefits, and more. It often files lawsuits against firms that it believes are treating workers unfairly and violating labor laws.

The Department of Labor

What is a defining characteristic of a service vs a product that is manufactured?

The performance of a service occurs at the point of consumption whereas a manufactured product takes longer to reach the customer

why is the relationship between Mars and the cocoa farmers so important?

The relationship between Mars and cocoa farmers is important because Mars is a majorplayer in the chocolate industry, and cocoa is the main ingredient used in chocolate production.The company relies on a steady supply of high-quality cocoa beans to maintain its businessoperations, and thus, it is in their interest to support cocoa farmers to ensure a sustainable supplychain

Quest Star (QS), which manufactures quality stereo loudspeakers, wants to improve its ability to compete against Japanese Arms •QS Intracommunication Leadership Initiative (ILI) flattened the layers of management •Uses teams and peer pressure to accomplish the plant's goals instead of multiple management layers •Employees make all decisions within the boundaries of their responsibilities •Elect team representatives to coordinate with other teams •Teams are assigned tasks ranging from establishing policies to evaluating on-the-job safety

This Solve the Dilemma is taken from Chapter 7, Learning Objective 7-8. Quest Star (QS), which manufactures quality stereo loudspeakers, wants to improve its ability to compete against Japanese Arms. Accordingly, the company has launched a comprehensive quality-improvement program for its Iowa plant. The QS Intracommunication Leadership Initiative (ILI) has flattened the layers of management. The program uses teams and peer pressure to accomplish the plant's goals instead of multiple management layers with their limited opportunities for communication. Under the initiative, employees make all decisions within the boundaries of their responsibilities, and they elect team representatives to coordinate with other teams. Teams are also assigned tasks ranging from establishing policies to evaluating on-the-job safety.

Prohibits discrimination in employment Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Dedicated to increasing job opportunities for women and minorities Eliminates job discrimination based on race, religion, color, sex, national origin, or handicap Outlaws use of discriminatory tests for applicants

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

Who is eligible to particiate? Are they compensated or is it an unpaid position?

To participate in Teach for America, applicants must be a U.S. citizen, national, or legalpermanent resident, have a minimum undergraduate GPA of 2.5, and have a bachelor'sdegree. Participants are compensated with a salary and benefits, including healthinsurance, and may also be eligible for student loan deferment and forgiveness programs

The 3 levels of management are

Top, Middle and First Line

When customers go to Cut and Go Salon, they must rely on the different talents of the stylists to achieve the cut they desire. In comparison, the manufacturer that produces Vibrancy Shampoo has more control over the amount of variability of the resources it uses to create its shampoos. Which difference between manufacturers and service providers does this scenario relate to?

Uniformity of Inputs

Who started Teach for America and why?

Wendy Kopp founded Teach for America in 1989 as part of her senior thesis at PrincetonUniversity. Kopp believed that educational inequality was a significant problem in theUnited States and wanted to create a program that would provide high-quality teachers tolow-income schools

Name the inputs for the production and manufacturing process used in the production of a pencil

Wood (Cedar), graphite and clay (lead), glue, paint The wood is cut into thin slabs and grooves are made then the graphite is added and another piece of wood is put on top and glued to make a lead sandwich which is then cut into pencil shapes. Then they are painted, stamped with the company name, and type of lead, sharpened in some cases. An eraser is added to the top and they are packaged.

What leadership qualities did Kevin Plank have when he started Under Armour?

a. Visionary: He had a clear vision of creating a better athletic T-shirt that would keepathletes cool, dry, and comfortable during their performance. b. Passionate: He was passionate about his idea and worked tirelessly to bring it to life. c. Risk-taker: Plank took significant risks by investing all his savings into the companyand dropping out of college to focus on building Under Armour. d. Resilient: He persevered through the tough times and setbacks, which helped himovercome the challenges that came his way.e. Innovative: Plank was innovative in his approach to design, marketing, and production,which helped him stand out in the industry.

The local Honda dealership manager, George, regularly communicates with employees about their sales strategies and goals. This is part of the _____ function

b. Organizing

•Decentralized organizations

•Decision-making authority delegated as far down the chain of command as possible

Management

•A process designed to achieve an organization's objectives by using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment •Effectively means having the intended result •Efficiently means accomplishing objectives with a minimum of resources

Leadership

•Ability to influence employees to work toward organizational goals

Extrinsic Rewards

•Benefits and/or recognition you receive from someone else

•Informal organization

•Consists of friendships and other nonwork social relationships •The grapevine is the most significant informal type of communication

Departmentalization

•Groups jobs into working units called departments, units, groups, or divisions •Common ways to departmentalize: •By function •By product •By geographic region •By customer

Human Resources Manager

•Handle the staffing function and deal with employees in a formalized manner.

•Top management

•Includes the president and other top executives of a business, such as chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial officer (CFO), and chief operations officer (COO), who have overall responsibility for the organization •Spend most of their time planning •Compensation committees work with directors and CEOs to keep pay in line with performance •Workforce diversity is good for workers and bottom line

Managers

•Individuals in organizations who make decisions about use of resources •Use planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling to reach organizational objectives

Motivation

•Inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward a goal •A goal is the satisfaction of some need •A need is the difference between an actual state and a desired state

Directing

•Motivating and leading employees to achieve organizational objectives •Telling employees what to do and when to do it by using deadlines •Determining and administering rewards and recognition •Motivate employees by providing incentives •Asking workers to contribute ideas

Financial Resources

•Needed to pay for essential activities

Delegation of Authority

•Not only giving tasks to employees, but empowering them to do whatever is necessary to carry out those tasks

Employee Empowerment

•Occurs when employees are provided with the ability to take on responsibilities and make decisions about their jobs •Participative decision making •Leadership in teams

Multidivisional Structure

•Organizes departments into larger groups called divisions •Permits delegation of decision-making authority •Inevitably creates work duplication

Committees

•Permanent, formal group that performs a specific task

Intrinsic Rewards

•Personal satisfaction and enjoyment you feel from attaining a goal

Planning

•Process of determining the organization's objectives and deciding how to accomplish them •Mission •Goals •Objectives

Controlling

•Process of evaluating and correcting activities to keep the organization on course •Consists of five activities: 1. Measuring performance 2. Comparing present performance with standards or objectives 3. Identifying deviations from standards 4. Investigating causes of deviations 5. Taking corrective action when necessary

•First-Line management

•Responsible for implementing the plans established by middle management •Direct workers' daily performance •Spend most of their time directing and controlling

Information Technology (IT) Manager

•Responsible for implementing, maintaining, and controlling technology applications in business, such as computer networks.

Marketing Manager

•Responsible for planning, pricing, and promoting products and making them available to customers through distribution.

•Middle management

•Responsible for tactical and operational planning that implements the general guidelines established by top management •Responsibility is more narrowly focused •Involved in the specific operations of the organization

Matrix Structure

•Sets up teams from different departments; creates two or more intersecting lines of authority •Provides flexibility, enhanced cooperation, creativity •Generally expensive and complex

Line Structure

•Simplest organizational structure •Direct lines of authority extend from top management to employees at the lowest levels

Team

•Small group whose members have complementary skills; have a common purpose, goals and approach; and hold themselves accountable

Organizing

•Structuring of resources and activities to accomplish objectives in an efficient and effective manner •Helps create synergy •Establishes lines of authority •Improves communication •Helps avoid duplication of resources •Can improve competitiveness by speeding up decision making

Monitoring Communications

•Technological advances and increased use of electronic communication have made monitoring communications in the workplace necessary •Failure to monitor employees' use of technology can be costly •Artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly impacting workplace monitoring, benchmarking, and understanding how employees feel about their jobs •More than 40 percent of employers globally have implemented AI processes

Task Forces

•Temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change •Membership based on expertise rather than position

Organizational Layers

•The levels of management in an organization •A company with many layers is considered tall •Span of management is narrow •A company with few layers is considered flat •Span of management is wide

Span of Management

•The number of subordinates who report to a particular manager •A wide span of management exists when a manager directly supervises a very large number of employees •A narrow span of management exists when a manager directly supervises only a few subordinates

Human Relations

•The study of the behavior of individuals and groups in organizational settings

line-and-staff structure

•Traditional line relationship between superiors and subordinates •Specialized managers assist line managers

Group

•Two or more individuals who communicate with one another, share a common identity, and have a common goal