random for my test

As shown on the map, Norway and Southern Greenland on the same latitude (60° N). Why is Norway warmer than Southern Greenland in winter?

Ocean currents carry heat toward Norway, but not toward Greenland.

The oceans of the world are considered to be carbon sinks. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon than it releases as carbon dioxide. Besides being dissolved in the ocean waters, we can find carbon in many places throughout the oceans. Choice from the list above and select all of the places in the ocean that you would find carbon.

A. thru D.

Shell-builders use calcium carbonate molecules (CaCO3) to build their shells. Which of the choices above could be a source for the carbon atoms in the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) molecules?

B. thru E.

Which of these events has led to the largest changes in worldwide sea levels?

glaciation

The hypothetical scenario on Earth could be the result of

massive volcanic eruptions.

Burning of fossil fuels has changed the atmosphere by

increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide.

Environmental agencies throughout the world believe that humans have forced Earth out of its natural cycle. Consider the choices below as possible sources of empirical evidence for anthropogenic climate change. Which choice does not support this view?

orange and yellow graph

Climate change is a significant, long-lasting distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. Which does not contribute to climate change?

ozone hole

There have been many different periods of glaciation, the process of covering the Earth with glaciers or masses of ice, throughout the history of the Earth. The most recent of these events is known as the last glacial period. How many years ago is it approximated the last glacial period reached it maximum ice coverage?

18,000 years ago

It is projected that an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere will MOST LIKELY lead to

higher-than-average sea levels.

These periodic changes on Earth are a result of the five major _________________ that have occurred throughout Earth's history.

ice ages

Carbon dioxide is constantly exchanged among the atmosphere, ocean, and land. Carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by microorganisms, plants, and animal by natural processes which help maintain a natural balance. However, since the beginning of Industrial Revolution, human activities have contributed substantially to Carbon dioxide gases in the atmosphere.

positive nonlinear correlation

Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by the

respirations of consumers

Prior to the Industrial Era, pre-1780, ____________ affected Earth's climate because they emitted both aerosols and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

volcanoes

The rain forests of the world trap a large amount of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Every year, however, more rain forest is cut down and burned, releasing huge amounts of carbon dioxide. Which graph BEST shows the likely effect on climate?

C

The ocean's biological carbon pump is driven by organisms that live in there. Just like the terrestrial carbon cycle, the oceanic biological carbon pump is all about photosynthesizing, respiring, eating, producing waste products, dying and decomposing. The biological pump plays a major role in all BUT ONE of the processes involved in oceanic carbon cycling.

upwelling currents bringing deep, cold ocean water to the surface to warm and release carbon back to the atmosphere.

A balance between incoming and outgoing radiation produces a stable climate. Lack of a balance between incoming and outgoing radiation results in a net loss or gain of radiant energy to the system. This energy imbalance is expressed as climate change. What are the basic steps in this system of energy input and output?

Solar radiation reaching the Earth system and being absorbed, thermal radiation emitted by the Earth system.

Although carbon dioxide is released during a volcanic eruption, another gas plays a much bigger role in climate change, and rather than warming the climate it helps to cool the climate. Use the model to explain how this cooling effect takes place.

Sulfur dioxide emitted into the stratosphere combines with water to form sulfuric acid aerosols. This makes a haze of tiny droplets in the stratosphere that reflects incoming solar radiation, causing cooling of the Earth's surface

The events of 1815 were caused by

a massive volcanic eruption.

How does the LIA research impact the study published in Science?

It gives context for some of the data.

If Earth's atmosphere did NOT contain any water vapor, the temperature of the earth's surface would

be significantly lower.

Why is a change in sea level important? As the temperature of the Earth changes, so does sea level. Explain how changes in Earth's temperature have a direct result on sea level. All BUT ONE answer is correct.

Earth's continents rise and fall relative to the oceans. Land can rise through geological uplift and sedimentation. It can sink due to erosion, sediment compaction, or natural subsidence.

How did the periodic jack pine wild fires impact the inputs and outputs of the carbon cycle according to this model?

The jack pine fires cause a temporary drop in both photosynthesis and respiration.

Global warming is caused by an increase in the level of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. How has this affected the world's oceans?

The oceans are absorbing the excess carbon, causing the oceans to become acidic.

The climate of a place also depends upon the amount of water in the air. How do the rising temperatures around Earth affect the amount of water in the air?

There is more water in the air because the rate of evaporation increases.

There is much interdependence among the biogeochemical cycles on Earth. How is warmer ocean water involved in these cycles?

Atmospheric carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, would cause rising ocean temperatures, which will cause an increase in evaporation. The added water vapor would further increase global warmin

The oceans absorb carbon through three processes that draw atmospheric carbon dioxide into the oceans: the physical carbon pump, the biological carbon pump and the carbonate pump. In which scenario would a carbon sink be the result of the physical carbon pump mechanism?

More CO2 is diffusing into sea surface water than is diffusing from sea surface water out to the atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide diffuses into the ocean carbon cycle via the air-sea surface exchange. Molecules of CO2 enter the ocean by diffusing into the surface waters and dissolving. The amount of CO2 that diffuses and dissolves in the surface water depends on several variables. Scientists have noted that sea more CO2 diffuses and dissolves in colder sea surface water and less CO2 diffuses and dissolves in warmer water. Let's assume the predictions of scientists predicting a warming climate are true. Can you predict the outcome if average ocean temperatures increase as well? Include the effects on appropriate components of the biosphere as well as the hydrosphere.

Warmer oceans would mean less dissolved CO2 as well as other gases such as oxygen in the global ocean. Lower CO2 would result in a decrease in photosynthesis of autotrophs living in the oceans.

Consider the predictions of climatologists. How will the model of the carbon cycle inputs and outputs change if they are correct?

Warmer temperatures may cause an initial increase in photosynthesis as well as cellular respiration until a point is reached where the temperatures are too hot. During this initial time, the arrows will remain reciprocal, but may enlarge.

Large volcanic eruptions can have an almost immediate effect on Earth's climate. Rather than warming the climate volcanic eruptions helps to cool the climate. During the 1900's there were three large eruptions that caused the entire planet to cool down by as much as 1oC. Volcanic coolings persist for only 2 to 3 years because the released aerosols fall out of the stratosphere and enter the lower atmosphere where rain and wind quickly wash them away. Using the model, can you elaborate on the reason a volcanic eruption might cool the climate?

Sulfur dioxide emitted into the stratosphere combines with water to form sulfuric acid aerosols. This makes a haze of tiny droplets in the stratosphere that reflects incoming solar radiation, causing cooling of the Earth's surface.