RBT practice
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of the RBT in communication with families?
Agencies may have specific guidelines for communicating with families that align with the BACB's Professional and Ethical Compliance Code.
What does the ?contractual? aspect of the annual service plan guide?
All services received by the person
RBT Requirements Coordinators are responsible for
All supervision activities of RBTs across an organization
Which of the following interventionist actions is likely to be observed during naturalistic intervention?
Allowing the learner to approach a reinforcing item but blocking access until they respond to a discriminative stimulus (SD)
Which of the following is an example of overzealous intrusive intervention?
An RBT running over to a client who is slapping himself and screaming for help while they are trying to hold the person's hands
Which of the following is an example of a harmful reinforcer
An entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently.
Who may conduct the competency assessment?
An experienced assessor with BCBA supervision
Stimulus control occurs when:
An individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and differently in the presence of another
A crisis plan includes which sections?
Antecedent Interventions, Escalation, Crisis, Post Crisis
Which part of the 3-term contingency is the most responsible for stimulus control
Antecedents
__________are things that set the stage for the behavior, occurring in close proximity to the behavior such as the activity the individual is engaged in, the setting, the people they are around, or the actions of the people around them.
Antecedents
When an RBT does not know how to perform an intervention or strategy, which of the following is the best course of action?
Ask for training and supervision on the skill
Jerry the RBT comes to his client's home for his scheduled ABA session. When Jerry gets there, he finds the client yelling and his mother crying in the corner. How can Jerry help with this immediate situation within the boundaries of his role as an RBT?
Ask the mother what happened in order to know what to do with the client. Make sure she is physically okay and start therapy or behavior plan implementation.
Joint attention skills should be targeted for increase for those individuals who:
Have difficulty responding to cues made by another to attend to a stimulus
Which is the best way to help families prioritize their efforts in working with their child?
Help the family address the most critical issue first
The x axis on a graph is:
Horizontal and is also called the abscissa
An FBA is performed to:
Hypothesize function of the behavior.
How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer?
If the learner approaches you and the session easily
Which of the following imitation skills is the most difficult for a person with autism?
Imitating facial expressions
Vocal imitation targets should start out as
Imitating one syllable words
Although components of shaping programs sometimes need to be retaught, shaping always moves:
In a forward direction
Which of the following activities might occur during the intertrial interval
Instructor marks a data collection sheet
In studying problem solving behavior in kittens, Thorndike used which term to describe behaviors they displayed to escape an enclosure by pulling a string on a latch?
Instrumental behavior
Why is role playing helpful in behavioral skills training (BST)?
It can provide a dry run of what to eventually do with the child
One of the main drawbacks to extinction is that:
It does not teach a replacement behavior.
What impact does reinforcement have on behavior?
It increases a behavior
Which of the following is a drawback of probe data?
It is less accurate.
When is it okay to provide data that is not 100% accurate or true?
It is never okay to provide inaccurate data
Which of the following is true about data collection?
It is the foundation for creating behavioral interventions.
What is a "back-up" reinforcer?
Items that tokens are exchanged for
Difficulties in joint attention lead to problems in:
Language development, vocabulary development, and social skills development
Which of the following skills is addressed in an interview format on the competency assessment?
Maintaining client dignity
Visual inspection is:
Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining graphed data
In order to randomly rotate trials, what must a learner have done first?
Mastered some targets they can be mixed in the rotation
When delivering a naturalistic intervention in public, it is important to:
Minimize attention drawn to prompting or redirection
What are some practices that ABA professionals need to adopt to build strong professional relationships with families?
Model optimism, practice nonjudgment, and prioritize intervention efforts
When providing a discrete trial to teach motor actions with objects, which of the following is the most critical aspect?
Modeling the action with the object
What are two reasons that documentation is beneficial?
More complete communication in emergencies, and more accurate assessments, will improve services to the person
Errorless learning typically uses
Most to least prompt sequences
What three (3) things should be included in the Client section of the crisis plan?
Name of the individual, date of birth, and date the plan was created.
What is one way you can help to establish or improve a relationship with a family with whom you are working?
Not judge them and listen to their concerns.
In providing written communication, RBTs should use which of the following?
Observable and measurable terms and descriptions
Which of the following is an example a conflict of interest with a client's family?
Offering to babysit for the family.
Which of the following activities is needed in order to make sure behavior plans are effective?
Ongoing data collection and analysis
It is important to have a variety of back-up reinforcers on a reinforcer menu or to change them up on a regular basis because:
Only having the choice among the same items may cause individuals to become bored and stop earning token
Which of the following data recording procedures is best used for behaviors that have a clear ending and beginning, do not occur throughout an interval, but still occur at high rates?
Partial interva
Motivating operations can exert stimulus control over a behavior by:
Playing a role in the effectiveness of the reinforcer at that point in time
How is pointing related to joint attention?
Pointing at an object is an effort to get another to attend to it
For learners who are new to following directions, which of the following approaches would be a good first step
Provide a simple request such as "come here," prompt if necessary, and provide them with a reinforcer.
Which of the following should you do if you are using errorless learning to deliver a trial?
Provide the most intrusive prompt necessary for correct responding.
Which of the following should you do in order to prepare for a session?
Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers
Punishment is the result of a stimulus following a behavior that serves to:
Reduce the behavior
Practicing nonjudgment means:
Regardless of circumstances, always assume that families are trying their best
Differential reinforcement works by:
Reinforcing only the behaviors that should be increased while removing reinforcement from behaviors that should be decreased.
Which of the following is the best definition of shaping?
Reinforcing successive approximations of a behavior
Which of the following could be a successive approximation for shaping the behavior of "having a conversation"?
Saying "hello" to another person
What are some of the logistical issues families face when they decide to enroll in ABA therapy for their child?
Securing payment, transportation, and preparing the home for intervention
Which of the following is an example of a naturally occurring discriminative stimulus at work?
Seeing a stop sign and stopping
Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) involves:
Setting an interval for the problem behavior not to be displayed and reinforcing if it is not displayed
Which of the following would be the least intrusive intervention for sitting on the floor and refusing to go to the next activity?
Showing the person a visual for stand up, wait until they complied, then gave a small reward for compliance in getting to the destination
One of the biggest drawbacks of using response cost is:
So many tokens can be taken away creating a situation where the individual has a negative balance
Why is it important for behaviors that are targeted for token reinforcement be clearly defined?
So that everyone involved in the delivering or receiving tokens know which behaviors are being reinforced
Which is the most important reason for RBTs to be active listeners?
So they can understand and act on what is delivered in the message
Why is it important for learners to generalize new behavior?
So they can use it in a meaningful way across different situations
Which of the following statements made by an RBT to a parent shows practicing "non-judgement?"
Sometimes it is hard to be consistent with the visual schedule. How do you think we could make this a bit simpler to use?
Spontaneous recovery refers to:
Sudden reoccurrence of behavior that was extinguished
Which is of the following is a tip to follow if you become overwhelmed by your work as an RBT?
Take a break and breathe
If you are in a meeting discussing an individual you work with, which of the following is the most important to do?
Take notes and listen attentively
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Taking away a chore for making good grades
Extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement works by:
Taking away the reinforcer for problem behavior
Which best describes a task analysis?
Target behaviors broken down into steps
______ is when target behaviors are broken down into steps.
Task analysis
Backward chaining involves:
Teaching the ending steps to the chain first and then teaching earlier steps
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Telling someone "no" when they are about to run into the street
A good rule for using token systems for younger children is
The fewer target behaviors to reinforce at a time, the better
Which of the following best describes the value of stimulus control?
The learner can focus on what is important
In discrete trial instruction, least to most prompting sequences are most commonly used when
The learner can respond correctly to the discriminative stimulus around 85% of the time
Generalization across settings occurs when:
The learner performs the behavior in different environments
Stimulus discrimination training helps:
The learner to discern what is correct in the presence of an incorrect stimulus
Generalization of skills is achieved when:
The learner uses the skill taught in DTI in the natural environment.
Data are plotted on line graphs according to
The number of instances of the behavior across time
What is the difference between differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)?
The replacement behavior selected in DRA does not have to be incompatible with the problem behavior.
Joint attention is:
The shared focus of at least 2 individuals on an object or activity
When you document, you will want to consider how the information may be used. What else will you want to consider?
Who will be reading or using it
Which of the following is a discontinuous data recording procedure?
Whole interval training
Which of the following is a learner characteristic that could impact the development of stimulus control?
attending skills
If a behavior is maintained:
Then the individual continues to perform it after intervention has stopped
Escape extinction works by:
Not allowing the individual to escape what they were trying to avoid
Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
Paying a speeding ticket
. If you have an individual who engages in escape behaviors you should:
Tailor antecedent interventions to the person you support based on data from the FBA.
Which of the following statements represents using clear language when discussing intervention progress?
"Joey's hand waving behavior has been reduced by 45% since he started being reinforced for doing other things."
What percentage of time of the provision of ABA services must be devoted to supervision?
5%
Which ratio of reinforcers to reprimands should be used for those who display high levels of problem behavior?
6 to 8 reinforcers to 1 reprimand
Which of the following is an example of a clearly written criteria for mastery?
9 out of 10 times for 3 consecutive sessions
A trend that ascends from left to right means:
A behavior is increasing
Which of the following is an example of using a token economy?
A child receives point for correct responses to exchange for an activity later on
Which of the following statements provides an example of stimulus control?
A child sees a cookie and then asks for it
Which of the following is an example of an exploitive relationship
A clients mother dating his RBT.
In order for a reinforcer to be effective, which of the following is true:
A deprivation state for that particular item must exist
In discrete trial instruction, a short instruction delivered to a learner is called:
A discriminative stimulus (SD)
__________needs to take place when there is accurate information about the behaviors that occur in crisis situations.
A functional behavior assessment .
Martin is creating a reinforcer menu for 5 to 7 year olds in his social play group. Which of the following descriptions of the menu would be best for this group?
A large poster in the room with photos of 5 items and a visual representation of how many tokens each costs
In discrete trial instruction, a consequence can be either:
A reinforcer or a prompt
Stimulus equivalence occurs when:
A response is correctly displayed in the presence of a stimulus that has not been trained or reinforced
Which of the following token forms would be best for a young child receiving discrete trials?
A token board with 3 spaces exchanged for reinforcers during the session
Which step in implementing a token economy comes after the individual displays the target behavior?
A token is delivered to the individual
Which of the following is unique to data collection for naturalistic interventions vs. discrete trials?
Activities or routines used to elicit target behaviors
Physical interventions should be applied ______________.
After less restrictive interventions have proved ineffective.
The Initial RBT Competency Assessment should be implemented
After the 40-hour training and before applying to take the exam
Replacement behaviors are:
Acceptable behaviors to teach in place of undesirable behaviors
Which of the following is an example of self-monitoring an interaction with a family member?
Asking yourself if you are emotional about the discussion
Why are token systems considered to be "flexible"?
Because tokens can be traded for a choice of different reinforcers
When is the best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session?
Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD)
Which of the following statements is true?
Behavior is neutral.
Which of the following is a similarity between discrete trial instruction and naturalistic techniques:
Both require that skills be broken down into small steps in order to be taught Feedback:
How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behavior?
By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior
Active listening involves:
Focusing on the message and not getting too distracted by the details
Crisis plans should have interventions based on which of the following?
Function of the behavior
Which of the following might be a response that follows a discriminative stimulus?
Hands card to instructor
Which of the following describes how probe data is collected?
Collect data on the first 3 trials and if responding is independent, discontinue data collection
Which of the following could ensure that an intervention involving the use of punishment is effective?
Collecting and reviewing intervention data
What does the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code say about communication and multiple relationships?
Communicate in a way that does not encourage multiple relationships
Which of the following statements is true regarding learning complex behaviors?
Complex behaviors cannot be learned all at once
What is the best course of action to take in the event of an extinction burst?
Continue the intervention.
What is one strategy that can be used to teach learners to initiate joint attention?
Create an unusual or odd circumstance to which the person is likely to have a reaction
Which of the following graphs indicate the total number of behaviors in an additive fashion?
Cumulative graphs
If a learner starts displaying a skill learned in DTI within natural environment, we might say that the learner:
Has generalized the skill from DTI to the natural environment.
To prepare for a discrete trial session, you must gather the skill acquisition plan, materials, reinforcers, and __________.
Data collection sheets or devices
Why are trends sometimes necessary to include on line graphs?
Data paths are not always clear
Which prompt fading strategy involves using the most intrusive prompt initially then fading to a less intrusive prompt?
Decreasing assistance
A time delay method for fading prompts would be:
Delay the delivery of prompts and wait for the person to respond.
To achieve momentum during a discrete trial session, you must:
Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly
In order for reinforcers to be effective a(n) ______ state must exist for that reinforcer.
Deprivation
Which of the following is an example of a fine motor imitation skill?
Drawing a line in the air with a finger
Recently, Mario's tantrums seem to last longer. Which data recording procedure might be the best one to use to determine this?
Duration
When are data typically collected during a discrete trial session?
During the intertrial interval
Prompting before a learner can select an incorrect response is called:
Errorless learning
Which of the following is a more current expansion of discrete trial instruction:
Errorless learning techniques
The 2 main functions of behavior are:
Escape and gain
Which of the following is important to do before starting a group intervention?
Establish a group goal and align individual goals with those of the group
Large scale token systems typically involve the use of:
Established "currencies" that can be used for different items and activities at different times
Which of the following is true about token economies used in school-wide systems?
Expectations must be identified and taught
Which of the following reflects treatment by competent personnel?
Felicity is working with 8 year old Marcus today. She has completed her RBT training and all the company training. She has spent 5 hours shadowing other therapists working with Marcus and has completed 2 successful sessions with him under the observation of the BCBA.
When interacting with and communicating with families, it is important to:
Focus on what the person is saying.
A disadvantage of bar graphs is:
The variability of data can be lost.
Which of the following is an advantage of using a token economy?
They are resistant to satiation and individuals becoming bored because of the variety of back-up reinforcers that can be used.
Teaching with multiple instructions helps learners to generalize because:
They can respond to different cues found in the natural environment
When behaviors are being maintained, reinforcement schedules move from:
Thick to thin
What does the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of the BACB remind us about communication and interactions with clients and families?
To interact with families and clients in a way that is free from bias and discrimination
Environmental Manipulations are discussed in the training for which reason?
To make a safe environment for the interventionist and the person they support.
What is the purpose of writing and reviewing accurate and complete incident reports?
To prevent recurrences of that incident
In addition to having knowledge of the service plan what are your responsibilities related to it?
To provide and document the services you give to the person as outlined in the plan.
When delivering token reinforcement for the display of a targeted behavior, it is a good idea to:
To provide the individual receiving the token a brief explanation why they are receiving it
What are 3 reasons to ask questions?
To start a conversation, to obtain information, and to show interest in another's ideas
Which of the following represents mass trials?
Touch head, touch head, touch head, touch head
Susan records data after every discrete trial she delivers. What type of data recording is this?
Trial by trial
Which of the following data collection methods involves recording the results of each trial presented?
Trial by trial data
What are two things you can do to organize and prepare for each day ahead of time?
Use a to-do list and keep a calendar to review what is up ahead
A most-to-least prompting sequence involves:
Using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used
Good record keeping assures that the team is not making decisions based on random impressions but on what?
Valid information
Which of the following should be used for teaching the concept of blue?
Various shades of blue on identical objects
Which of the following may be necessary to create for a functional skills intervention session?
Visual task analysis
For which of the following examples is it critical to seek clinical supervision?
When a client displays unexpected behavior
At what point should a behavior reduction plan be considered?
When environmental variables for behavior are ruled out
Cumulative graphs are used:
When progress toward a predetermined number of behaviors should be demonstrated
Which of the following statements is true?
While family members may disagree, it is important to work with all members the best way you can.
John Watson used which term to describe the study of behavior?
behavorism
Which of the following functions of behavior involves avoiding a task or interaction?
escape
The BACB states that interventions and treatments used by those credentialed or certified by the BACB must be:
evidence based
Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?
food
Which of the following schedules for exchanging tokens for back-up reinforcers might be best for a class of 5th graders
once a week
Which part of behavioral skills training (BST) would this statement most closely match? "First, provide her with a sensory toy."
providing instruction
Marcia is teaching Denise how to clean a kitchen. She taught her how to rinse dishes and put them in the dishwasher, how to wipe counters, and how to sweep. The process Marcia used to teach how to clean a kitchen is called:
shaping
