RBT training
Reinforcing behaviors that are incompatible with hitting would fall under which component of a behavior intervention plan?
Consequence strategies
Placing a soft object near a person's fist to block a hit is a:
Consequence strategy
Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior are used to:
Decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next
Which prompt fading strategy involves using the most intrusive prompt initially then fading to a less intrusive prompt?
Decreasing assistance
Asking a learner to give "the one you eat with" is an example of:
Discriminating by function
Which core domain includes a person's feelings about themselves and their worth?
Emotional well being
Which of the following components of behavioral skill training (BST) was determined to have the most impact on the way in which intervention is delivered?
Feedback
Which of the following tasks are RBTs allowed to perform?
Implement behavior change programs
If an intervention is implemented with a "high degree of fidelity," it is:
Implemented consistently and accurately
Visual inspection is:
Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining graphed data
One of the main drawbacks to extinction is that:
It does not teach a replacement behavior.
When multiple people are involved in the delivery of a naturalistic intervention, it is important that everyone:
Knows what skills are to be addressed and the strategies used to teach the skill
Difficulties in joint attention lead to problems in:
Language development, vocabulary development, and social skills development
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement are necessary to:
Maintain behavior and get reinforcement on a more naturally occurring schedule
Which of the following skills is addressed in an interview format on the competency assessment?
Maintaining client dignity
Which of the following behaviors might serve a "gain attention" function?
Making silly noises
Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on teaching verbal operants such as mands, tacts, and intraverbals?
Natural environment teaching
Which of the following is NOT true of neglect?
Neglect only occurs to older adults with disabilities.
After a crisis has occurred, the person you support should engage in:
Pre-crisis tasks and activities
Immediate echolalia is:
Saying what was just heard over and over
A behavior technician provides a card written cue for what to say when ordering lunch at a restaurant. As the individual ordering at the restaurant is able to order more independently, the words on the card are reduced. This is an example of:
Script fading
Which of the following verbal operants is used when a learner requests a cookie?
Mand
When providing a discrete trial to teach motor actions with objects, which of the following is the most critical aspect?
Modeling the action with the object
Errorless learning typically uses
Most to least prompt sequences
Which of the following prompt sequences is the preferred one to use in listener responding programs?
Most-to-least
The components of the 4-term contingency include:
Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the consequence
When a learner imitates the correct sound during a discrete trial, what is the next thing the interventionist should do?
Provide reinforcement
Stimulus-stimulus pairing is:
Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcing one
Which of the following is a pivotal skill that helps individuals "learn to learn"?
Responding to multiple cues in the environment
Walter can ride a bicycle and shoot a basketball through a hoop, but he cannot draw a picture of a dog. Which of the skills would you say are in Walter's "behavioral repertoire?"
Riding a bicycle and shooting a basketball through a hoop
Lining up items in a specific order is an example of:
Ritualized behavior
Stimulus discrimination training helps:
The learner to discern what is correct in the presence of an incorrect stimulus
A most-to-least prompting sequence involves:
Using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used
Antecedents are:
What happens before a behavior occurs
For which of the following examples is it critical to seek clinical supervision?
When a client displays unexpected behavior
Behavioral function tries to explain:
Why the behavior is happening
Why is it important to leave work at work and take breaks?
You can slip into bad habits if you dont have a break.
Which of the following best describes a trigger?
Something that easily sets you off and causes an immediate, often emotional, reaction.
Which of the following is an example of a motivating operation:
Fred is hungry so crackers work well as a reinforcer for task compliance
Which of the following is considered a naturalistic teaching strategy?
Incidental teaching
If data indicate that progress is not being made, which of the following questions could be asked?
Is the skill program being delivered effectively?
Which of the following dimensions of ABA refers to the social importance of problems?
Applied
When an RBT does not know how to perform an intervention or strategy, which of the following is the best course of action?
Ask for training and supervision on the skill
Which of the following is an example of self-monitoring an interaction with a family member?
Asking yourself if you are emotional about the discussion
Why can't intervention plans be duplicated for different individuals?
Because each individual's behavior and circumstances are unique
Why are crisis plans incorporated into some behavior intervention plans?
Because some behaviors cause a risk to the safety of the individual engaging in the behavior or others in the environment
Why is difficulty communicating sometimes a trigger for problem behavior?
Because the person is not able to express what they want
Which of the following statements is true regarding learning complex behaviors?
Complex behaviors cannot be learned all at once
Intervention plans should be:
Data-based, ethical, and closely monitored
A time delay method for fading prompts would be:
Delay the delivery of prompts and wait for the person to respond
Transfer trials are used when:
Echoic prompts need to be faded
Undesirable behavior can be reduced by:
Reinforcing alternative behaviors,using extinction, or punishment
Which of the following is an example of an echoic?
Say "juice." "Juice."
Which of the following is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?
Saying "Match blue" and receiving a blue card
Which of the following is the best way to thin reinforcement?
Slowly and gradually
Why are intermittent reinforcement schedules used?
To maintain previously acquired behaviors
One way to help a learner generalize skills is to:
Use varied program materials for targets.
What are the five rules of incident report writing?
Write for an audience; account for everyone and everything; be clear and chronological; be timely and complete; consider the attachments
Mohinder has Down's syndrome and lives in a group home. Tom, who works at the group home, asks Mohinder to loan him money for lunch, which he then pays back after his next paycheck. Is this abuse, and if so, why?
Yes, it is considered financial abuse because Tom is making personal use of Mohinder's resources.
What are two things you need to maintain if you assist a person with banking and bill paying?
A transaction record and a reconciliation of the transactions
Which of the following is an illustration of reflexivity in relation to stimulus equivalence?
A=A
Which of the following statements is true?
Accurate data is always necessary for building behavior change plans and measuring progress.
Which of the following imitation skills is the most difficult for a person with autism?
Imitating facial expressions
Which of the following statements is true about reinforcement?
It increases a behavior.
Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior is used to:
Increase the amount of time between the display of one behavior to the next
What impact does reinforcement have on a behavior?
It increases a behavior
Which of the following describes documentation that is objective?
It is fair and impartial, not influenced by emotion, opinion, or bias
What is a "back-up" reinforcer?
Items that tokens are exchanged for
Which of the following is an example of an issue related to boundaries of competence?
Jenny was told to use non-contingent reinforcement with Annie and she does not know what that is.
One of the main language targets that Milieu teaching addresses is
Mean length of utterance (MLU)
Naturalistic techniques are used to help learners generalize skills and for learners who:
Might initially resist more structured settings.
What three (3) things should be included in the Client section of the crisis plan?
Name of the individual, date of birth, and date the plan was created.
Sarah is helping Kendra, a woman with a moderate intellectual disability, cook breakfast in the morning. Kendra attempts to touch the hot stove, and Sarah yells "Don't touch that!" to her. Is this considered abuse?
No, it is not. Yelling is not ideal, but it is preventing Kendra from causing harm to herself.
Why is it important for learners to generalize new behavior?
So they can use it in a meaningful way across different situations
RBTs must document:
The data from the session and any other relevant information
What is one benefit to digitizing documents?
To reduce paper
What is the best way to prevent ratio strain?
To thin reinforcement gradually
The transitivity aspect of stimulus equivalence is the result of:
Training 2 other stimulus relations
Michelle is an RBT who is teaching a mother how to implement a visual schedule for her child. What is Michelle doing?
Training a parent how to implement an intervention
Complete this sentence: Documentation and record keeping are important to ensure...
accountability, coordination of care between yourself and other supports and to guide the improvement of services
Non-accidental, inappropriate contact or the use of force with an individual that causes injury or physical pain is considered which type of abuse?
physical abuse
For documentation to be beneficial it must be?
reviewed
You provide support for Roberto, a man with a mild intellectual disability. While talking to him one day, he casually mentions that sometimes his sister (his fiduciary guardian) uses his SSI check to pay her rent. What is the most appropriate course of action to take?
Contact your agency's designated investigator.
Which of the following is an example of a clearly written criteria for mastery?
9 out of 10 times for 3 consecutive sessions
Which of the following violates the Professional and Compliance Code Element that addresses "disseminating accurate information about behavior analysis":
A brochure that states "ABA can ensure that your child will speak within 3 weeks of starting therapy"
Which of the following is an example of using a token economy?
A child receives point for correct responses to exchange for an activity later on
Which of the following is an example of an exploitive relationship?
A clients mother dating his RBT.
Contracting for reinforcement allows a learner to:
Choose from a small group of reinforcers to access after correct responding
Which of the following could ensure that an intervention involving the use of punishment is effective?
Collecting and reviewing intervention data
You need to help Maria, a 15 year old girl learning to put on deodorant independently. Which environment would you choose to teach this skill in order to preserve her dignity?
In a private bathroom where you can prompt her through each step appropriately.
In treating self-injury, which of the following is the number one priority?
Keeping the person safe from harm
Which of the following is true in reference to tacts and reinforcement?
Reinforcement is not necessarily specific to the tact
Behavioral shaping involves:
Reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior
Phase change lines indicate:
The division between one condition and another
Which of the following best describes the value of stimulus control?
The learner can focus on what is important
Which of the following is an advantage of backward chaining:
The learner experiences the culmination of the steps of the chain more quickly
What are harmful reinforcers?
harmful to health
What should be contained in a receipt of an expenditure?
A description of the item, the date of purchase and the amount of expense
In discrete trial instruction, a consequence can be either
A reinforcer or a prompt
Stimulus equivalence occurs when:
A response is correctly displayed in the presence of a stimulus that has not been trained or reinforced
Asking a learner to select items using a preposition is an:
Advanced skill
Which of the following statements is true?
Behavior is neutral.
Discrete trial instruction that is delivered from 25 to 40 hours a week is called
Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI)
What are the 2 main functions of behavior?
Escape and gain
True or False: Direct support professionals can be a natural support to the people they serve.
False
When you have a conversation with a family member about a client, you should:
Find a quiet private and quiet spot.
Which of the following is an example of stereotyped behavior?
Flapping hands repetitively
Which type of reinforcer assessment involves allowing the learner access to many items at one time and observe what they interact with the most?
Free operant
Which of the following ways of approaching intraverbal intervention involves answering questions about the properties of an item?
Function, feature, or category
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Giving a learner a sticker for raising their hand before speaking and they continue to raise their hand
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Giving someone a compliment for doing good work
An FBA is performed to:
Hypothesize function of the behavior.
Which of the following is an explanation of the "Dead Man's Test"?
If a dead man cannot do it, then it is a behavior.
How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer?
If the learner approaches you and the session easily
Your supervisor tells you to use a strategy you have no idea how to use. What is the best response to the request?
Tell the supervisor immediately that you do not know how to use the strategy and ask for them to demonstrate it.
What can your documentation related to a person's health screenings help to ensure?
That they are receiving the health screenings that are recommended for their sex, age, and medical conditions
When you receive important phone calls or other forms of communication related to the person you support what should you be sure to document?
The date, time, and method of communication, the person with whom you were communicating, and the content of that communication
A disadvantage of bar graphs is:
The variability of data can be lost.
What is the estimated percentage of self-injurious behaviors that have automatic reinforcement as the function according to Hagopian et al. (2015)?
25%
Which of the following items was deleted from the previous version of the competency assessment?
Assist with functional assessment
Why is it important to establish a healthy professional relationship with a client's family?
Because you need to be able to communicate important information back and forth.
When is the best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session?
Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD)
The quote "All behavior has a communicative intent" (Carr, 1977) can be best explained by the statement:
Behavior always serves a purpose for the person engaging in the behavior.
What does the term "least intrusive" mean as it relates to behavior change plans?
Behavior change plans that place the least amount of risk or discomfort
John Watson used which term to describe the study of behavior?
Behaviorism
In which situations are differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) used?
Behaviors that are acceptable at low rates
Which of the following is an antecedent variable that could play a role in the display of a behavior?
Being in a quiet environment
Which of the following is a similarity between discrete trial instruction and naturalistic techniques:
Both require that skills be broken down into small steps in order to be taught.
When it is necessary to use "categories" of behaviors to be reinforced in token systems, which of the following needs to happen?
Clearly define the behaviors that fall within those categories
What is not appropriate to document in a communication log book?
Comments critical of others
The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) places a large emphasis on:
Developmental trajectories for intervention
Discrete trial teaching differs from naturalistic teaching strategies in that:
Discrete trial instruction is adult-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are child initiated
Which is the most important reason for RBTs to be active listeners?
So they can understand and act on what is delivered in the message
If a behavior is maintained:
Then the individual continues to perform it after intervention has stopped
Triadic eye gaze is
Two individuals sharing eye gaze on an object then looking at each other
If you witness an abusive situation that is dangerous or life-threatening, what should you do?
ake immediate action to remove anyone in the area from harm and call 911.
Which of the following statements represents using clear language when discussing intervention progress?
"Joey's hand waving behavior has been reduced by 45% since he started being reinforced for doing other things."
Which of the following is an example of an advance listener responding skill?
"Put the banana behind the box."
Which of the following statements made by an RBT to a parent shows practicing "non-judgement?"
"Sometimes it is hard to be consistent with the visual schedule. How do you think we could make this a bit simpler to use?"
Which of the following items would be the best choice for using during a naturalistic teaching session with a young child?
A toy car with a racetrack
The 4 basic conditions set up in a functional analysis are:
Alone, attention, demand, and tangible
Before a behavior change plan can be developed, what has to happen?
An assessment of the client's skills and needs must be conducted.
All of the following are considered behavioral signs of abuse, EXCEPT what?
Appearing with torn, stained, or bloody clothing
Which of the following is a learner characteristic that could impact the development of stimulus control?
Attending skills
Which of the following reflects treatment by competent personnel?
Felicity is working with 8 year old Marcus today. She has completed her RBT training and all the company training. She has spent 5 hours shadowing other therapists working with Marcus and has completed 2 successful sessions with him under the observation of the BCBA.
A 2009 study found that what percentage of family caregivers for older adults with cognitive disabilities and dementia reported abusing their family member?
30%
Which would be the next step in a shaping program to increase time on task from 3 minutes?
4 minutes
The Renewal Competency Assessment requires __ skills to be demonstrated with clients.
5
What percentage of time of the provision of ABA services must be devoted to supervision?
5%
Intermediate learners should respond to:
50 simple noun/verb combinations
Which ratio of reinforcers to reprimands should be used for those who display high levels of problem behavior?
6 to 8 reinforcers to 1 reprimand
Although components of shaping programs sometimes need to be retaught, shaping always moves:
In a forward direction
Which step in implementing a token economy comes after the individual displays the target behavior?
A token is delivered to the individual
_________are things that set the stage for the behavior, occurring in close proximity to the behavior such as the activity the individual is engaged in, the setting, the people they are around, or the actions of the people around them.
Antecedents
What is a mandatory reporter?
Any individual who is required by law to report any suspected abuse or allegations of abuse
How does person-centered planning BEST address quality of life?
By including the person on their own support team
Prompting procedures help a behavior technician to:
Know how to prompt and how to fade prompts.
Which data recording method would be best used to measure the time between when a teacher said to start on an assignment and the time the student started on the assignment?
Latency
What is one thing you can do while you are working to remember details or events you will document later?
Carry a note pad around when working to jot down notes to transcribe later
In which scenario would the reinforcer be effective and ethical to use?
Charlie completed a math quiz. He turned in his paper and received a point on his work completion card.
Which of the following is an example of using natural environment teaching (NET) to teach receptive discrimination?
Choosing a spoon from a drawer full of utensils
Which of the following describes how probe data is collected?
Collect data on the first 3 trials and if responding is independent, discontinue data collection.
What does the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code say about communication and multiple relationships?
Communicate in a way that does not encourage multiple relationships
When using a token system in a naturalistic intervention, it can be challenging to:
Communicate the link between the behavior and receipt of the token at the time the behavior is displayed
Early learning skills are important ____ for more advanced skills.
Components
Why are trends sometimes necessary to include on line graphs?
Data paths are not always clear
What are 3 types of written communication RBTs have to provide?
Data, incident reports, session notes
Active listening involves:
Evaluate the validity of what the person is saying while they are speaking
Which of these statements is one of the two main ideas behind the quality of life approach to services?
Every person has the right to a life of quali
Which of the following is true about token economies used in school-wide systems?
Expectations must be identified and taught
What are some practices that ABA professionals need to adopt to build strong professional relationships with families?
Model optimism, practice nonjudgment, and prioritize intervention efforts
Under which of the following circumstances should extinction not be used?
When it could cause harm to the individual or others in the environment
Which of the following statements is true?
While family members may disagree, it is important to work with all members the best way you can.
Which of the following is important to do before starting a group intervention?
Establish a group goal and align individual goals with those of the group
Continuous reinforcement schedules are most often used to:
Establish new behaviors
Certain conditions can contribute to environments that can cause abuse and neglect to occur, EXCEPT:
Programs that provide extensive training to their employees
What needs to be included as part of data collection for a naturalistic teaching session?
Prompt levels needed to elicit the target behavior
When families have questions about the impact of ABA on the future of their child, which is the best approach toward answering them?
Provide honest and accurate information about ABA in general and refer to individual data
Which of the following is an example of a target for selecting an item using an adverb?
"Choose the one that goes quickly."
George was assigned to work with Franklin at his home today. As part of his therapy, Franklin was learning to use his electric razor to shave his face. He had been shaving the area under his nose independently. Today Franklin flatly refused to do so and shouted "No shave" over and over again. Franklin's mother came in from her garden outside and asked George how the shaving was going. What should George say to Franklin's mother?
"Franklin did not want to shave under his nose today, that's unusual. I would like to try a different reinforcement schedule with him to see if that will help."
Which of the following verbal operants is directly tied to reinforcement?
mands
True or False: Allegations that go unreported are just as serious as the actual abuse or neglect.
true
True or False: Videoconferencing and webcams can be used in RBT supervision.
true
A trend that ascends from left to right means:
A behavior is increasing
Which of the following are functions of behavior?
Attention, Tangible, Escape, Automatic Reinforcement
Extinction works by:
Abruptly stopping reinforcement for problem behavior
Which of the following is a red flag for a boundary crossing?
Accepting the use of a clients family's beach house for the weekend.
Which of the following is unique to data collection for naturalistic interventions vs. discrete trials?
Activities or routines used to elicit target behaviors
Type 1 punishment involves:
Adding a condition to reduce a behavior
Interval schedules of reinforcement are delivered:
After a specified amount of time has elapsed
Which of the following is an example of punishment?
After a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he quit making noises in class.
The Initial RBT Competency Assessment should be implemented:
After the 40-hour training and before applying to take the exam
What does the ?contractual? aspect of the annual service plan guide?
All services received by the person
Which of the following is an example of a harmful reinforcer
An entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently.
Fixed interval schedules often result in:
An increased rate of responding at the end of the interval
Initiating joint attention is when:
An individual initiates a bid for attention
A crisis plan includes which sections?
Antecedent interventions, Escalation, Crisis, Post crisis
Which part of the 3-term contingency addresses factors that occur before the display of behavior?
Antecedents
Which part of the 3-term contingency is the most responsible for stimulus control?
Antecedents
Which of the following is an example of how to interact with your supervisor?
Be friendly, ask for assistance when needed, ask questions, and welcome feedback.
Why is pica dangerous?
Because it can cause illness or injury
Why are individuals taught to use replacement behaviors in place of problem behavior?
Because just suppressing a problem behavior does not provide a way to get an individual's needs met
Which is the best reason why fixated interests can be a problem?
Because they can distract the person from other activities
What is one strategy that can be used to teach learners to initiate joint attention?
Create an unusual or odd circumstance to which the person is likely to have a reaction
Which of the following is an example of a defective mand?
Crying when wanting a drink
Which of the following graphs indicate the total number of behaviors in an additive fashion?
Cumulative graphs
To prepare for a discrete trial session, you must gather the skill acquisition plan, materials, reinforcers, and __________.
Data collection sheets or devices
To achieve momentum during a discrete trial session, you must:
Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly
Fluency of skills is:
Demonstrated by quick responding at high levels of accuracy.
Which of the following makes reinforcement more effective?
Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency
Which of the following is an example of a fine motor imitation skill?
Drawing a line in the air with a finger
Which of the following statements is true regarding dressing for the job?
Dress for the environment and follow company dress codes.
The purpose of using a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement is to:
Eliminate the predictability of reinforcement
Which of the following best describes a situation of disability-specific abuse?
Eric needs assistance transferring onto a toilet, and is sometimes left on the toilet for hours.
Which of the following is a more current expansion of discrete trial instruction:
Errorless learning techniques
Which of the following functions of behavior involves avoiding a task or interaction?
Escape
Two main reasons why individuals engage in a particular behavior are:
Escape and gain
The foundation for any behavior change plan should be:
Ethical standards and best practices
f you take a job working with adults on the autism spectrum but have only worked with children on the autism spectrum, which of the following should you do?
Get training in working with that population.
Maintaining accurate documentation while dependably providing excellent services requires what from you?
Good judgment to strike a balance
Which of the following might be a response that follows a discriminative stimulus?
Hands card to instructor
If a learner starts displaying a skill learned in DTI within natural environment, we might say that the learner:
Has generalized the skill from DTI to the natural environment.
Joint attention skills should be targeted for increase for those individuals who:
Have difficulty responding to cues made by another to attend to a stimulus.
What does a crisis plan describe?
How to prevent and respond to the crisis behaviors.
Effective treatments must also be:
Humane
Vocal imitation targets should start out as
Imitating one syllable words
Which of the following is a risk factor for abuse and neglect that is common for people with IDD?
Increased dependency on others for long-term care.
Differential reinforcement works by:
Increasing desirable behaviors while decreasing problem behavior
Which of the following best explains why discrete trials are effective with those who have learning difficulties?
Information is broken down into small parts that are taught systematically and reinforced.
Which of the following is true about data collection?
It is the foundation for creating behavioral interventions
How does a motivating operation work to increase the effectiveness of mand training?
It makes it more likely that the individual will want the reinforcer and will mand for it
Which of the following types of graphs are most preferred in the field of ABA?
Line graphs
The term "receptive language" is similar in meaning to the term:
Listener responding
If an intrusive intervention such as punishment or physical intervention must be used, it is important to:
Make sure the client and data are monitored for unintended side effects and the rate of progress.
Which of the following is true of mandatory reporters?
Mandatory reporters must report any alleged or suspected incidents of abuse or neglect, even if they did not witness it
In order to randomly rotate trials, what must a learner have done first?
Mastered some targets they can be mixed in the rotation
Which of the following best describes "match to sample"?
Matching an item to an identical one
Which of the following is an example of a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF)?
Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand.
As the interventionist, the first step in echoic training is to:
Model the sound
Which of the following could be considered a violation of the portion of the RBT Ethics Code that addressed accurate representation of of credentials and work?
Not renewing credentials and still claiming to have a current RBT status
In providing written communication, RBTs should use which of the following?
Observable and measurable terms and descriptions
Which of the following schedules for exchanging tokens for back-up reinforcers might be best for a class of 5th graders
Once a week
Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
Paying a speeding ticket
Motivating operations can exert stimulus control over a behavior by:
Playing a role in the effectiveness of the reinforcer at that point in time
Which of the following best describes the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement involves giving something to increase a behavior and negative reinforcement involves taking something away in order to increase behavior
How can consistency and routine help to increase the display of a desired behavior?
Predictability that goes along with consistency and routine helps learners focus on what is important
What are the steps of behavioral skills training (BST)?
Providing instructions, modeling, role play, and feedback
_________ is defined as a stimulus that follows a response and decreases the future probability of that response.
Punishment
The doctrine of "least restrictive alternative" when it comes to punishment states that:
Punishment is a last resort after other interventions have been attempted and failed.
Which terms replaced "responsible certificant" in the latest RBT updates?
RBT Requirements Coordinator and RBT Supervisor
Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) involves:
Setting an interval for the problem behavior not to be displayed and reinforcing if it is not displayed
Variables that are in operation before the display of a behavior and are related to the behavior are:
Setting events
Which of the following would be the least intrusive intervention for sitting on the floor and refusing to go to the next activity?
Showing the person a visual for stand up, wait until they complied, then gave a small reward for compliance in getting to the destination
In ABA, which is the best reason why behaviors are targeted for increase?
So learners can increase overall skill repertoires
One of the biggest drawbacks of using response cost is:
So many tokens can be taken away creating a situation where the individual has a negative balance
Why is it important for behaviors that are targeted for token reinforcement be clearly defined?
So that everyone involved in the delivering or receiving tokens know which behaviors are being reinforced
Why is it important to record data as close to the time the behavior actually occurred as possible?
So the data will be more likely to reflect an accurate picture of the behavior
When delivering a discrete trial session, which is the most important reason to minimize distractions in the environment?
So the learner can focus on what they are being asked to do
Why is goal setting with families important?
So they can feel like they are being heard by ABA staff
Ellen is an RBT who works with clients with autism in their homes. Currently, she sees 3 children every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 2 hours at a time. Each of them lives 15 to 30 miles from each other. By the time she gets to the last child she works with on those days, she is exhausted and doesn't always do as good of a job as she knows she can do. She is offered an opportunity to work with another child who lives 2 miles from the second child she sees those days. What should she do?
Speak with her supervisor about the situation and offer to work with the RBT who can take over therapy for her current third child for those days.
A limited hold is sometimes added to interval reinforcement in order to:
Speed up the display of the target behavior
According to the BACB, a client's record should be:
Stored in a manner that it cannot be accessed by those who are not authorized to see itStored according to local laws and regulationsStored according to local laws and regulationsAll of the above
Which of the following is an example of discretionary effort as defined by Daniels (2000)?
Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked.
If you have an individual who engages in escape behaviors you should:
Tailor antecedent interventions to the person you support based on data from the FBA.
If you are in a meeting discussing an individual you work with, which of the following is the most important to do?
Take notes and listen attentively
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Taking away a chore for making good grades
Which best describes a task analysis?
Target behaviors broken down into steps
Data collected during naturalistic teaching should always include information about:
Target behaviors, prompt levels needed, and activities
Beverly will touch a requested item is an example of:
Target response
When larger skills are broken down into teachable steps, this is called:
Task analysis
______ is when target behaviors are broken down into steps.
Task analysis
Forward chaining involves:
Teaching the beginning steps and reinforcing each subsequent step
A good rule for using token systems for younger children is:
The fewer target behaviors to reinforce at a time, the better
Replacement behaviors are taught so:
The individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern
When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting items, which of the following is important to obtain ahead of time?
The items to be requested
Why is saying "What do you want?" a bad idea during initial mand training?
The learner can become dependent on the phrase to produce mands
What framework for thinking about disability focuses on identifying and treating impairments?
The medical model
Which of the following best explains the primary purpose of the BACB's Professional and Ethical Compliance code?
The purpose of the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code is to provide guidelines for certified and credentialed individuals to follow when they are providing behavior analysis services.
Which of the following is an advantage of using a token economy?
They are resistant to satiation and individuals becoming bored because of the variety of back-up reinforcers that can be used.
Why is imitating facial expressions particularly difficult for some individuals with autism?
They avoid looking at faces
Teaching with multiple instructions helps learners to generalize because:
They can respond to different cues found in the natural environment
What is one reason it may be difficult for a person with a disability to self-report abuse or maltreatment?
They may fear retaliation for reporting certain individuals who assist them.
Which of the following describes a potential issue with environmental stimuli and people with disabilities?
They sometimes overreact and underreact to stimuli
Which of the following is an example of a multiple or dual relationship?
Tina and Lois are best friends. Lois is an RBT who works with Tinas son.
Why is it important to model optimism when working with a client with disabilities?
To allow families to see what their loved one can do.
What are two things you can do to organize and prepare for each day ahead of time?
Use a to-do list and keep a calendar to review what is up ahead
If a learner's speech is too monotone or sing-songy, what approach can be used to help correct this?
Use echoics to teach proper inflection and pitch
Good record keeping assures that the team is not making decisions based on random impressions but on what?
Valid information
Which of the following should be used for teaching the concept of blue?
Various shades of blue on identical objects
Prompting strategies used in naturalistic teaching approaches:
Vary according to child responses
Which of the following may be necessary to create for a functional skills intervention session?
Visual task analysis
Which of the following is the best way to determine how to follow the child's lead during a naturalistic teaching session?
Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene.
Which of the following is true about reinforcement?
What one individual finds reinforcing may not be true for others.
True or False: False reports of abuse and neglect are very common for people with disabilities
false
True or False: How a person values each core domain tends to stay the same over their lifetime.
false
True or False: If there is consensual sexual activity between an employee and an individual with IDD, then it is not considered sexual abuse.
false
Whose point of view is MOST important in measuring quality of life?
the person's
Escape extinction works by:
Not allowing the individual to escape what they were trying to avoid
Which core domain includes nutrition and self-care skills?
Physical well being
Marla overslept and was late dropping off her kids at school. That made her late for her work as an RBT at the ABC Autism Center. When she met her first client, Zoe this morning, she did not make her usual silly faces to Zoe that she always does. She was in a hurry to get therapy started. Zoe did not comply when Marla told her to "sit in chair." What is this an example of?
Not leaving your problems at the door
Which of the following activities is needed in order to make sure behavior plans are effective?
Ongoing data collection and analysis
The process of defining target behaviors using a precise definition is called:
Operationally defining the behavior
Which of the following data recording procedures is best used for behaviors that have a clear ending and beginning, do not occur throughout an interval, but still occur at high rates?
Partial interval
Ethical codes and supervision of behavior analytic services are important because:
People receiving behavior analytic interventions are vulnerable and deserve the best interventions available.
Which core domain includes lifelong learning and developing skills?
Personal growth
Which of the following statements is true about the role of an RBT in the behavior change process?
RBTs implement behavior change interventions.
Skinner used the term "operant conditioning" to describe:
Rats pressing a lever to receive food until they were full
Multiple exemplar training involves teaching target words as:
Receptive identification, tacts, and intraverbals
Punishment is the result of a stimulus following a behavior that serves to:
Reduce the behavior
Practicing nonjudgment means:
Regardless of circumstances, always assume that families are trying their best
Which of the following illustrates an FR3 schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforced after the 3rd correct response
Which of the following is an example of a progressive schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcement after the 2nd behavior, then after the 4th, then after the 5th
What can be said about reinforcement used in discrete trial instruction?
Reinforcers used in discrete trial instruction are often unrelated to teaching activities
Which of the following is true about concept of motivating operations (MO)?
Reinforcers work better when they are in effect
Differential reinforcement works by:
Reinforcing only the behaviors that should be increased while removing reinforcement from behaviors that should be decreased.
When teaching someone to learn to follow simple directions, which target would be among the first to be implemented?
Rolling a ball with a model
Strategies for promoting generalization of tacts include:
Teaching different forms of the tact and varying teaching conditions
Which of the following could be a replacement behavior for cutting in line?
Teaching to stand in line and wait
Teaching targets on the written skill acquisition plan:
Tell the behavior technician what to present.
Prior to the creation of the RBT Ethics Code, which set of ethical standards did RBTs follow?
The Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of the BACB
Which part of a discrete trial makes it more likely the learner will respond again
The reinforcer
What is the difference between differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)?
The replacement behavior selected in DRA does not have to be incompatible with the problem behavior.
Secondary reinforcers become reinforcing after:
The secondary reinforcer is associated with other reinforcers.
What are three things that work together to ensure the person is living a life that reflects their needs and desires?
The service plan, your support of the person based on this plan, and the documentation of your support
The community the person lives in, the state of their health, and what the agency determines the person needs. What should the service plan for the person who is supported reflect?
The values, dreams, goals, needs and desires of the person
Items on a reinforcer menu should range in price because:
To allow for the purchase of an item even though they may have many or few tokens
What is the purpose of the Community Support Skill Standards (CSSS)?
To identify and define the skills needed to support people with disabilities
What is purpose of the communication log?
To inform other supporters of daily events they need to know in order to provide a continuity of quality care
Under what circumstance would it be important to provide an echoic training session related to targeted tacts?
To make sure the learner knows how to repeat words and sounds when asked
How could response blocking be used in an intervention plan?
To prevent the behavior from hurting someone
In addition to having knowledge of the service plan what are your responsibilities related to it?
To provide and document the services you give to the person as outlined in the plan.
What is an interobserver agreement (IOA)?
When 2 data collectors agree on data collected at the same time during a behavior
A concurrent schedule of reinforcement is operating when:
When 2 schedules of reinforcement are simultaneously available
