RD Exam Questions to Study

If broccoli loses 21% to trim and cooking, and you need to have 48 lbs of cooked broccoli, how much fresh broccoli should you buy?

61 lbs (As purchased = As Served x 100/100-waste weight. AP = 48 x 100/100-21. AP = 4800/79 = 60.759 or 61 lbs)

The chef needs to make 175 chicken salad sandwiches. Each sandwich requires 3 oz of cooked chicken. A cooked 7 lb oven roaster yields an average of 4 lbs of cooked meat. How many roasters must the chef purchase to yield enough chicken for the salad?

9 (4/7= 57% (yield %) 175 sandwiches x 3 oz = 525 oz/16 = 32.81 lbs or 33 lbs 33 lbs/0.57 = 57.89 total weight (round up to 58) 58/7 = 8.28, so 9 oven roasters are needed)

On Thursday, the kitchen produced a total of 386 meals. That day, staff worked a combined total of 58 hours. What were the labor minutes per meal for that day?

9.02 (First convert the hours to minutes: 58 x 60 = 3,480 minutes. Then divide minutes by total number of meals to calculate the labor minutes per meal. 3,480/386 = 9.02 minutes per meal)

Four entrees are on next Friday's menu: BBQ ribs, seafood platter, roast beef, and filet mignon. The number of each item sold the last time this menu was offered was 76, 118, 96, and 154, respectively, for a total of 444 entrees sold. For the past six Fridays, the following noon meal counts were recorded: 447, 423, 437, 444, and 429. For next Friday, how many portions of roast beef will be forecasted?

95 (First add up the total entrees sold for the 6 weeks for which meal counts are available, and then divide by 6 to calculate the average. The average number of entrees sold each week is 437.3. Next, calculate the popularity index (sales of an item compared with total sales for the category) for roast beef, which is 96 divided by 444 entrees. The popularity index is 21.6%. To calculate how much roast beef should be forecasted for next Friday, multiply 0.216 by 437.3. The result is 95.)

What is the upper limit of fat, in grams, that should be consumed by a healthy person requiring 2,500 kcal per day?

97 (Fat should be 35% of less of energy. 2500 kcal x 0.35 = 875 kcal from fat/9 kcal/g fat = 97 g fat)

What is the requirement to label a food "fat free"?

<0.5 grams total fat per serving

Freezing foods at ____ is the least damaging to the food's original flavor, nutrient content, and texture compared to most other preservation methods.

<= 0F

Freezing foods at _____ is the least damaging to the food's original flavor, nutrient content, and texture compared to most other preservation methods.

<= 0F

According to the CDC growth chart, in what percentile is a 1yo boy measuring 82cm?

>95%

The BMI range for class III obesity is:

>=40

What inventory control method classifies products according to their value?

ABC

Which electronic health record style was created to reflect the nutrition care process?

ADIME

Which of the following is an example of a physiological change typically associated with aging? -Ability to smell and taste decreases. -Fat mass decreases. -Secretion of gastric juice increases. -Blood pressure decreases.

Ability to smell and taste decreases

A consistent theme from the 2011 Dietetics Workforce Demand Study was that _______ drives change for all areas of dietetics practice

Advances in technology

The dietitian has written the following objective: "The clients with high blood pressure who attend the six class sessions planned will accept the goal of following a reduced-salt diet." Which learning domain does the objective represent?

Affective

Which of the following is the best example of an objective? -Upon completing the class, students will understand how to count the grams of carbohydrate contained in at least five foods. -After participating in the online discussion, the students will list three of the benefits experienced by mothers who breastfeed. -At the end of the demonstration, students will know how to identify the grams of trans fat contained in prepared foods. -After touring the supermarket, students will gain knowledge of how the placement of products on shelves encourages impulse buying.

After participating in the online discussion, the students will list three of the benefits experienced by mothers who breastfeed

Which is an example of chemical spoilage? -Acidic action of foods with metal-lined containers -Metal curls from a worn-out can opener that fall into the food when the can is being opened -Development of an off-flavor due to uncontrolled enzyme reaction -Anasakis contamination from fish

Acidic action of foods with metal-lined containers

A client verbally attacks the registered dietitian nutritionist, indicating that weight loss expectations are unrealistic and no one could meet them. What defense mechanism is being exhibited?

Aggression

The chef is preparing to make seasonal changes in the cafeteria menu and wants to make similar changes in the patient menu. How will this change help to control menu cost? -Decrease food cost -Decrease labor and/or production cost -Optimize inventory and food usage -All of the above

All of the above

What gauge of stainless steel is most common in foodservice operations? -14 -16 -18 -All of the above.

All of the above

What is the significance of a safe work environment? -Decreases cost through decreased use of workman's compensation -Demonstrates caring for employees -Decreases cost through decreasing lost workdays -All of the above

All of the above

When changing a static patient menu to a cycled menu, it is important to work with the chef or production manager because the person in that role will have skills in which of the following areas? -Usage of equipment -Labor skill level -Inventory and food usage -All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following disease states may require a fluid restriction? -Liver disease with ascites -Chronic renal failure -Congestive heart failure -All of the above.

All of the above

Which of the following injuries are you most likely to see in a food service environment? -Strains and sprains -Slips and falls -Cuts and burns -All of the above

All of the above

Your patient has been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, which lab results will you review with your patient? -Glucose and hemoglobin A1c -Triglycerides -Cholesterol panel, including HDL, LDL, VLDL -All of the above

All of the above

Which nutrient additive might be added to food as a natural antioxidant? -Biotin -Alpha-tocopherol -Calcium carbonate -Pantothenic acid

Alpha-tocopherol

Which set of dietary intake values is an estimate of average requirements when evidence is not available to establish an RDA?

Adequate Intake

Of all the racial and ethnic groups in the US, the highest rate of prevalence of diabetes is found in"

American Indians and Alaska Natives

After protein digestion, what is the predominant product absorbed into circulation?

Amino acids

If the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body's needs for energy, what can be converted to glucose?

Amino acids

Which of the following enzymes acts on complex carbohydrates? Lactase Sucrase Maltase Amylase

Amylase

The IOM's recommended rate of weight gain per week during the second and third trimesters for pregnant women whose body mass index is greater than 30 is ______ lbs.

0.5

Bacterial spoilage is most likely to occur at which water activity?

0.90 (the higher the water activity, the more likely the food is to spoil)

Achieving the appropriate aw level in dehydrated foods is crucial to ensure food safety and adequate shelf life. Most microorganisms grow well at an aw of:

0.91 to 0.99 (the water activity level that limits growth of the majority of pathogenic bacteria is 0.70 aw to 0.90 aw. The lower limit for all microorganisms is 0.60 aw)

Full-time employees generally work 236 days per year due to vacation and benefit days. Approximately how many employees are necessary for everyday coverage of full-time positions?

1.55 (365 days/236 FT workdays = 1.55 FTE)

A foodservice establishment requires thirteen 8-hour positions, four 4-hour positions, and one 3-hour position to meet daily demands. How many FTEs does the foodservice establishment maintain?

15.37 (13 x 8 hours = 104 hours; 4 x 4 hours = 16 hours; and one 3 hour = 104 + 16 + 4 = 123 hours total/ 8 hours per day = 15.37 FTEs)

The minimum amount of fiber recommended for a 10yo child is:

15 grams (Beginning at age 2, it is recommended that fiber intake be equal to or greater than a child's age plus 5 grams.)

How many pounds are recommended for an overweight woman to gain during her pregnancy?

15-25

A foodservice operation's Net Profit is $41,137, Cost of Goods Sold is $145,350, Average Inventory Value is $7,330, and Total Meals Served Per Day is 200. What is the inventory turnover rate?

19.83 (The inventory turnover rate is determined by dividing the cost of goods sold by the average inventory value. $145,350/$7,330 = 19.83.)

The FDA defines the term "gluten-free" to mean that the food bearing the claim contains no more than _____ parts per million (ppm) or _____milligrams (mg) or more gluten per kilogram (kg) of food. -5, 10 -10, 15 -15, 15 -20, 20

20, 20

Following food labeling laws, to be identified as low in fat, a serving of food must contain less than _ g of fat

3

How many 3lb cases of bulk potato chips are needed to feed 75 people 1 1/2 oz each?

3

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's worst-case projection made in 2010, what proportion of the US adult population will have diabetes by the year 2050?

30%

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's worst-case projection, what proportion of the US adult population will have diabetes by the year 2050?

30%

The BMI range for class I obesity is:

30-34.9

An isotonic enteral formula would have an osmolality of:

300 mOsm/L

To maintain quality and freshness of refrigerated produce, upon receiving these items, they should be placed directly into cold storage and held at a temp between:

34-36 F

The BMI range for class II obesity is:

35-39.9

A manager always defers to her workers to reach an agreement among themselves, then she adopts the majority decision. Her leadership style is:

Democratic

In addition to having demonstrated CDR's core competencies, all entry-level registered dietitian nutritionists must have ______.

Demonstrated additional competencies for at least one emphasis area

Two federal agencies control alcoholic beverages. Where are the agencies house?

Department of the Treasury

The observed result or outcome of interest in a research project is the:

Dependent variable

Which term best describes overall space planning that includes defining the size, shape, style, and decoration?

Design

According to the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, to be designated as an author, one must have made substantial contributions to:

Design or analysis and interpretation of the data

Which dietary reference intake (DRI) value estimates the nutrient needs to meet the requirements of at least half of individuals in a population?

EAR

The breakdown of fatty acids to yield acetyl-CoA is called

Beta-Oxidation

In the NCP, which of the following is a category for Nutrition Assessment? -Food and/or nutrient delivery -Nutrition counseling -Biochemical data, medical tests, and procedures -Nutrition education

Biochemical data, medical tests, and procedures

Women with gestational diabetes typically require less CHOs at which meal, compared to the others?

Breakfast

Which marketing channel distributors do not take title to goods being sold, yet receives a commission for negotiating between the buyer and seller?

Broker

Which type of rice is whole-grain with only the outer hull removed? -Brown -White -Wild -Long-grain

Brown

Fruits and vegetables that have not been blanched prior to freezing are more susceptible to which kind of deterioration?

Browning

Which food is most likely to deteriorate due to hydrolytic rancidity during storage at room temperature?

Butter

The Campinha-Bacote Model of Cultural Competence includes the interdependent constructs of cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural desire, and cultural _____.

Encounter

Which governmental agency administers the Interstate Travel Sanitation program, which allows agents to inspect foodservice on interstate carriers such as boats, planes, and trains?

FDA

According to the Nutrition Care Process, if a client takes self-prescribed therapeutic doses of vitamin C, this information should be recorded in the _____ section of the Nutrition Diagnosis.

Intake

In the Nutrition Care Process, it is expected that all Nutrition Diagnoses will fall within one of three domains - clinical, behavioral-environmental, and _____.

Intake

When preparing a PES statement in situations where there are diagnoses from multiple domains, the dietetics professional should give preference to the diagnosis related to:

Intake

What ratio is designed to examine how effectively an organization is utilizing its assets?

Inventory turnover

A supervisor noted that the quality of work produced by an employee was declining because of excessive tardiness. The best initial course of action would be to:

Issue a verbal warning to the employee

Which of the following would be a characteristic of a flavor enhancer? -It will be present at threshold levels. -It will be present at sub-threshold levels. -It must be an amino acid-based compound. -It must have an umami flavor.

It will be present as sub-threshold levels

What component of serum cholesterol do plant stanols/sterols lower?

LDL

What valuation method is being used when inventory is valued by assuming that newer items are used before older items?

LIFO

Initially, a dietetics professional undertaking Nutrition Diagnosis as part of the Nutrition Care Process should identify and ___ a specific nutrition problem that he or she is responsible for treating independently.

Label

Which food is the leading cause of fatal and near-fatal food allergic reactions in the US each year?

Peanut

Of the following foods, which can be safely processed in a boiling water canner? -Carrots -Pears -Pumpkin -Beets

Pears (Non-acidic vegetables, meat including poultry and fish, and soup stocks must be processed in a pressure canner, not a boiling water bath. Acidic fruits, such as pears, and vegetables can be safely processed in a boiling water canner. The higher acid medium eliminates the risk of microbial growth)

The primary substance required for the structure of gels in jams and jellies is:

Pectin

Anthocyanin in turnips may change to a blue-black or red-brown color if heated excessively in all of the following type of pans except? Porcelain Stainless steel Tin Aluminum

Porcelain

Which of the following food items are not identified by quality grading? -Chicken -Eggs -Canned Fruit -Pork Chops

Pork chops

ACEND requires dietetics education programs to offer an emphasis area in order to _____.

Prepare each entry-level RD to begin to develop the depth necessary for future proficiency in that area of dietetics practice

Home canning is a very popular method of food preservation. To ensure safe foods, appropriate canning methods must be used. What is the safe and recommended method for canning foods above pH 4.5?

Pressure canning

Total Quality Management is best described by which grouping of words? -Processes, improvement, customer satisfaction -Outcomes, meet standards, accreditation -Proactive, empowerment, outcomes -Prevention, standard procedures, diagnostic

Processes, improvement, customer satisfaction

What name is given to the purchasing document that is completed by the buyer and given to the supplier?

Purchase order

You want to conduct a research project that evaluates food habits among adults with a BMI >30 who eat at buffet-style restaurants at least once a month. You are going to conduct a focus group. What type of research study is this?

Qualitative

When using the Nutrition Care Process, what three things do dietetics practitioners do in completing Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation? -Prioritize nutrition diagnoses, consult the Academy's evidence-based nutrition practice guidelines, and determine patient-focused expected outcomes. -Scrutinize, measure, and assess the changes in nutrition care indicators. -Confer with patient/client/caregivers, define a nutrition plan and strategies, and determine time and frequency of care. -Identify resources needed, communicate the nutrition care plan, and implement the plan.

Scrutinize, measure, and assess the changes in nutrition care indicators

The type of menu that provides two or more choices for each category of food offered is referred to as a:

Selective menu

Which mineral aids in cell growth and boosts immune function?

Selenium

During a snowstorm, the assistant cook (AC) can't get to work. The person working in the "salads" position is unable to take over all AC responsibilities but is somewhat confident and willing to assist the head cook in preparing items on the daily production schedule. To be most effective, which leadership style should the foodservice manager use?

Selling (Hershey, Blanchard, and Johnson's leadership effectiveness model indicates that when the salad person has low to moderate readiness (R2), the manager needs to use selling leadership style (S2). The leader must be flexible and adaptable to meet the changing needs of employees and each situation.)

If 100 patients with a disease are tested but only 96 test positive for the disease, that means the test has a ______ of 96%.

Sensitivity

One of a teacher's functions in andragogy is to _______.

Serve as a facilitator

When functioning as the foodservice buyer, which practice would be acceptable? -Serving as the legal agent for the organization -Sharing quotes between bidders in order to get the lowest price possible -Attending vendor-sponsored parties -`Giving one supplier confidential information from another supplier

Serving as the legal agent for the organization

A storeroom staffed with a full-time employee would be considered a(n) ___________ of a university residence hall foodservice.

Subsystem

Which of the following food additives does NOT have generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status? Sodium chloride Plant sterols Allspice Sucralose

Sucralose

The separation of a liquid from a gel - for example, when whey collects on the surface of yogurt - is known as:

Syneresis

The pathway of glucose to pyruvate during anaerobic conditions results in:

Lactic acids

Which term best describes the detailed arrangement of the kitchen equipment, floor, and counter space?

Layout

Wheat does not contain enough lysine for humans to synthesize proteins from wheat alone. Thus, in wheat, lysine is considered to be a(n) _______.

Limiting amino acid

The food and nutrition direction and the food production manager discuss productivity of the tray line setup. The food production manager agrees to reorganize the tray line's hot and cold food stations. The interaction is an example of:

Linking processes (linking processes of decision making, communication, and balance are needed to coordinate the transformation from inputs to outputs)

Which grouping of words best represents transformation processes for a foodservice system? -Following standards, communication, management functions -Linking processes, management functions, functional subsystems -Management functions, establishing goals/objectives, linking processes -Functional subsystems, management functions, following standards

Linking processes, management functions, functional subsystems

Which of the following best represents transformation processes for a foodservice system? -Following standards, communication, management functions -Management functions, establishing goals and objectives, linking processes -Linking processes, management functions, functional subsystems -Functional subsystems, management functions, following standards

Linking processes, management functions, functional subsystems

Which fatty acids are essential and must be obtained by eating foods containing these fatty acids?

Linoleic and alpha-linolenic fatty acids

What ratio indicates an organization's ability to meet current financial obligations?

Liquidity

A RD is working with a client to reduce blood cholesterol levels. The client is knowledgeable about a hyperlipidemia diet and is able to devise healthy meal plans, but he has a moderate readiness in independently following the nutrition care plan. To be most effective in meeting the client's needs, what would be the RD's approach?

Listen to the client. Encourage and support the skills the client has developed.

Which of the following is a secondary characteristic of culture? -occupation -age -gender -socioeconomic status

Socioeconomic status

A foodborne illness often associated with deli meats that has an onset time of 3 to 7 days; causes nausea, vomiting, headache, chills, backache, and meningitis; and has a high fatality rate in the immunocompromised is:

Listeria monocytogenes

Which additive is in baking powder and reacts with the sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas?

Sodium aluminum sulfate

Where in the body is vitamin D hydroxylated to 25-hydroxyvitamin D?

Liver

Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose that occurs in the cells of the:

Liver and muscle

The best studied and most frequently recommended weight-loss dietary strategy is

Low fat, reduced-energy diet

At what levels do leptin and ghrelin promote excess food intake

Low leptin, high ghrelin

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by what physiological changes?

Low pH and low bicarbonate

Which of the following is NOT a defined nutrient consent claim? Low fat Low sugar Low sodium Low calorie

Low sugar

Which would be an appropriate food or beverage item to serve to your patient on postoperative day 1 following gastric bypass surgery? -Ginger ale -Sherbet -Low-fat chicken broth -Cranberry juice

Low-fat chicken broth (As a general rule, foods on phase 1 of the gastric bypass diet include broth, unsweetened juice, milk, strained cream soup, or sugar-free gelatin. Carbonated or caffeinated beverages are not permitted.)

Chin has written the following objective for her community nutrition program: "Women who are at least 60 years of age will perform at least 30 minutes of weight-bearing exercise three or more times per week." Which of the required components is missing from Chin's objective?

Measure of success

If a researcher creates a questionnaire so that extra emphasis is placed on certain questions, what type of errors likely will affect the findings?

Measurement errors

What have studies in the areas of literacy and special education shown about the use of drawings vs. photographs?

Neither is necessarily more effective than the other

Which classic vitamin deficiency is known for the four Ds: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death?

Niacin

What is the largest contributor to renal solute load? -Creatinine -Ammonia -Nitrogen -Uric Acid

Nitrogen

Which of the following is NOT important when facility menu planning? -Staff -Region -Food availability -None of the above

None of the above

What virus is the most common cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of foodborne illness?

Norovirus

Which of the four National School Lunch Program menu planning options (NuMenus, Assisted NuMenus, Enhanced Food-Based, and Traditional Food-Based) requires the school district to use computer hardware and USDA nutrient analysis software?

NuMenus

During which step in the Nutrition Care Process is it important to evaluate the patient's/client's status compared to specific criteria?

Nutrition Assessment

When added to gelatin, fruit containing which of the following substances will keep the gelatin from forming a gel? Sucralose Papain Pectin Sorbitol

Papain

Which step in the Nutrition Care Process involves the dietetics professional coordinating nutrition care with other health care providers, institutions, or agencies?

Nutrition Intervention

When using the Nutrition Care Process, what does the dietetics professional use to describe the alterations in the patient's/client's nutritional status?

Nutrition diagnosis labels

Includes any function/activity that combines information, nutrition, and technology

Nutrition informatics

Which step in the Nutrition Care Process involves the dietetic professional establishing goals jointly with the patient/client?

Nutrition intervention

Which of the Standards of Practice is being applied when the RD plans for care of a patient following discharge? -Nutrition assessment -Nutrition intervention -Nutrition monitoring and evaluation -Nutrition diagnosis

Nutrition monitoring and evaluation

Which of the following must be served in combination with a meat/meat alternate in order to meet the full meat/meat alternate requirement for a reimbursable school lunch? Nut butter Tofu Legumes Nuts

Nuts

Which agency requires employers to comply with the Hazard Communication Standard, also known as Right-to-Know, which requires employers to train employees on how to safely use the chemicals they work with?

OSHA

Which of these acronyms requires compliance with safety standards? -SDS -OSHA -HACCP -MDS

OSHA

The 2007 Expert Committee Recommendations for the Prevention, Assessment, Treatment, and Recommendations for Pediatric Childhood and Adolescent Obesity defines BMI greater than the 95th percentile as:

Obese

Which of the following would be covered by the FDA's gluten-free labeling rule? -Packaged seafood -Processed egg products -Alcoholic beverages -Ground meat

Packaged seafood (FDA's gluten-free labeling rule covers packaged food, including supplements, intended for human consumption that fall under the labeling jurisdiction of the FDA. It does not cover foods regulated by the USDA, alcoholic beverages regulate by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, cosmetics, or medications)

Strategic management of a foodservice system means -effectively responding to environmental threats. -integrated systems thinking of internal and external events. -evaluation of stakeholders and the competition. -organization and environmental analysis to achieve goals.

Organization and environmental analysis to achieve goals

Which of the following is not a quality measure of eggs? Yolk appearance Albumen appearance Ounces per egg Shell appearance

Ounces per egg

The reaction H2 --> 2H+ + 2e- represents:

Oxidation

When evaluating print and audiovisual patient education material for understability and "actionability", which of the following is the BEST tool? -PEMAT (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool) -REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine) -SMOG -Ask Me 3™

PEMAT (REALM evaluates health literacy, SMOG is a measure of readability that estimates the number of years of education one needs to have attained to understand a piece of writing, and Ask Me 3 is a patient education program designed to improve communication between patients and health care providers)

What evaluation tool is used for effective planning and the controls functions of management?

PERT chart

Which of the following guidelines are NOT allowable when preparing food? -Chill utensils and ingredients before using them to prepare a salad. -Pool eggs whenever possible. -Prepare batters in small batches. -Package fresh juice on-site for sale at a later time without any special treatment or approved HACCP plan.

Package fresh juice on-site for sale at a later time without any special treatment or approved HACCP plan

Successful family-based group interventions programs that target reducing overweight in school-age children include: -parent training, dietary counseling/nutrition education/physical activity counseling, and behavioral counseling. -parent training, individual psychotherapy, dietary counseling/nutrition education. -dietary counseling/nutrition education, physical activity counseling, behavioral counseling. -low calorie diet plan, parent training.

Parent training, dietary counseling/nutrition education/physical activity counseling, and behavioral counseling

Overeating and poorer self-regulation of energy intake in preschool-age children is associated with: -excessive soft drink consumption. -parents assuming control of food portions and coercing children to eat. -family-style meal service. -excessive food choices as family-style meals.

Parents assuming control of food portions and coercing children to eat

What type of leadership style seeks input from others before making a management decision?

Participative

Which of the following components comprise the core of motivational interviewing? -Collaboration, empathy, autonomy, and patient-centered care -Partnership, acceptance, compassion, and evocation -Rolling with resistance, unconditional positive regard, empowerment, and empathy -Partnership, autonomy, setting smart goals, and evocation

Partnership, acceptance, compassion, and evocation

What is another name for high-pressure processing?

Pascalization

_______ is a processing method used to extend the shelf life of beverages such as milk and juice.

Pasteurization

Which types of eggs should be serves to patients in a nursing home? Freshly cracked sunny-side up Over easy Pasteurized scrambled eggs Pool cracked scrambled eggs

Pasteurized scrambled eggs

Medical anthropologists have developed Exploratory Models that address five major concerns about an illness episode. These models address: etiology, time and mode of onset of symptoms, course of sickness, treatment, and ____.

Pathophysiology

All of the following statements about patient-centered medical homes are true, EXCEPT: -the cost for chronic care is reduced. -electronic medical records are essential. -patients are responsible for access to care. -the team of providers changes as the health care needs differ.

Patients are responsible for access to care

Which agency oversees voluntary inspection and grading of fish and fish products?

USDC

Which of the following examples of snacks provided at a child care center would meet reimbursement guidelines and comply with USDA regulations for Child and Adult Care Food Program meals? Hard boiled egg and water Chocolate milk and grapes Apple slices and orange wedges Whole grain crackers and peanut butter

Whole grain crackers and peanut butter (The nutritional requirement for snacks is that they must provide a combination of at least two food items from the meat, milk, grains, and fruit/vegetable categories.)

Which of the following questions would be appropriate for the dietetics practitioner to ask when hiring a new food production worker? -"Do you have any health problems or disabilities?" -"Do you have child-care arrangements so that you can work the early morning shift?" -"Are you married?" -"Why do you want to work for us?"

Why do you want to work for us?

The formula for determining value analysis is V=Q/P, where V= value; Q=quality; P=price. If P increases, and there is no change in Q, then V -will remain the same. -will most likely increase. -changes as much as P. -will most likely decrease.

Will most likely decrease

Which of the following is least likely to be documented? -Work-related advice provided by the supervisor to the employee -Employee appearance -Employee availability -Employee conduct

Work-related advice provided by the supervisor to the employee

This fungus is able to ferment sugars and is used in producing food products such as bread and alcohol.

Yeast

The NDTR receives information from the patients about food temperatures. The line cooks receive information from the RDN about recipe modifications. The health inspector provides an assessment of the dishroom. Are these interactions examples of feedback?

Yes, because feedback can be from the internal and external environments

Menu items that are partially cooked, rapidly chilled, held in chilled storage, and then heated just prior to service is an example of:

cook-chill

When assessing a population of preschoolers for acceptability of menu items, the most commonly used measurement tool has been the:

facial hedonic scale

US Fancy is a quality designation used for _____.

fruits and vegetables

A child's weight is plotted at the 50th percentile on the growth chart. This means that the child's weight is:

greater than or equal to that of half the child of the same age and gender

An instrument to collect data on the use of dietary supplements would be viewed as valid if it

measures accurately what it is intended to measure

According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, each registered dietitian nutritionist is expected to promote public access and referral to credentialed dietetics practitioners for quality food and nutrition programs and services by -participating in public service or other mass media efforts to educate the citizenry. -monitoring support of food and nutrition programs and services for populations with special needs. -participating in interdisciplinary teams efforts and referring patients in a manner consistent with HIPAA rules for use and disclosure. -monitoring the effectiveness of referral systems and modifying them as needed to achieve desirable outcomes.

monitoring the effectiveness of referral systems and modifying them as needed to achieve desirable outcomes

Which additive used in smoked and cured meats forms a color pigment that may oxidize to an undesirable yellow or greenish color when exposed to oxygen and light?

sodium nitrate

A dietary supplement with the statement "Vitamin K helps support normal blood clotting" on the label is making a

structure/function claim

To generate revenue, the bakery department produces a photo sheet of its decorated cakes and distributes it to all units in the hospital. The cafeteria bundles the decorated cake service with a discounted coffee service. This is an example of:

synergy (working together to create greater outcomes that would be possible working individually)

Using behavioral learning theory can be problematic in a foodservice environment because one of its tenets is that ______.

undesirable behaviors are ignored

Using behavioral learning theory can be problematic in a foodservice environment because one of its tenets is that ______. -positive reinforcement is used -its use requires that there be a good role model -learners have to be permitted to ask questions -undesirable behaviors are ignored

undesirable behaviors are ignored

A diagnosis of hypersensitivity to food requires:

verifying the food that causes an adverse reaction and excluding other causes of adverse reactions

The 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans suggest what percentage of calories comes from saturated fat?

10%

When cooking pork chops, they should reach an internal temperature of:

145F for 15 seconds

Which federal agency regulates wines with less than 7% alcohol?

FDA

Which religious groups generally do not consume pork?

Hindus, Jews, Muslims, Seventh-Day Adventists

What best describes the "D" component of the PDSA performance improvement model?

Implementation of the plain

Tertiary prevention efforts in childhood weight management target:

children who are already overweight

Consider the following scenario when the provider/client are talking. RDN "Why don't you try spinach as a choice?" Client responds by rolling her eyes. Which of the following statements from the RDN is the best example of the motivational Interviewing guiding principle "rolling with resistance"? -"You don't like this idea." -"You might try fresh spinach instead." -"Maybe you can try other kinds of green leafy vegetables." -"You've been talking about making changes, so I'm thinking this is a simple, straightforward change for you."

"You don't like this idea."

A cooked, 19-lb, bone-in turkey breast has a yield of 35.4%. The cost of the turkey breast is $1.19 per pound. What will be the cost of a 4 oz portion?

$0.84 ($1.19 per lb/0.354 = $3.36 per pound $3.36 per pound/16 oz per lb = $0.21 per oz $0.21 per ounce x 4 = $0.84)

The total value of food in inventory on March 1 is $8,327. The facility purchased $3,200 of food during the month of March. April 1 inventory is $6,800. What is the cost of food available for the month of March?

$11,527 (The cost of food available for March is the inventory on March 1 ($8,327) added to the amount purchased during March ($3,200), which totals $11,527.)

Becky's BBQ restaurant wants to determine the selling price for a beef brisket sandwich. The restaurant spends $133.05 on the recipe (yields 30 servings) and determined that the percentage food cost will be 35%. Based on the available information, what should be the selling price be of the beef brisket sandwich?

$12.67 (The factor pricing method uses the raw cost of food and food cost percentage to determine the selling price - markup. To determine the markup factor: 100/food cost percentage. To determine the selling price: raw cost of food x markup. $133.05/30 servings = $4.435 per recipe. 100/35 = 2.857. 4.435 x 2.857 = $12.67)

Food inventory is being valued. Eighteen #10 cans of diced pears are on the shelf. From oldest to newest cans, three cost $6.66 each, six cost $6.72 each, and nine cost $6.78 each. Using the LIFO valuation method, what is the total inventory value of diced pears?

$122.04 (Using the Last In, First Out system, the inventory should be valued at the price of the most recent purchase. Multiply 18 cans by $6.78, the most recent price, to get $122.04.)

A foodservice has 35% labor cost, 23% fixed costs, and a desired profit of 12%. Given a raw food cost of $4.55, what would be the selling price of an item when rounded to $0.99 on the dollar?

$15.99 (100% - [35% + 23% + 12%] = 100 -70 = 30% sales price = cost / divisor = $4.55/0.3 = $15.16. Round up to $15.99)

What is the invoice cost to serve 85 lb of cooked, sliced ham if whole, bone-in hams weight 18 lb as purchased (AP), have an AP to edible portion waste percent of 44, and cost $1.83 per AP pound?

$296.46 (Multiplying 18 lb (weight of each ham) by 0.44 (waste percent) results in (approximately) 8 pounds of waste. So, for each 18 lb ham, only about 10 lbs represent an edible portion. Therefore, it will be necessary to buy 9 hams to serve 85 pounds of cooked, sliced ham (since 8 whole hams would only produce 80 lbs of cooked, sliced ham, so 9 whole hams must be purchased to meet the required 85 lbs.). The cost for the 9 hams is 18 lb × $1.83 × 9 = $296.46.)

The foodservice manager has determined that food cost percentage should be no more than 28%. Using the factor pricing method, what should you charge for a bowl of chili if the recipe cost is $1.12 per portion?

$3.99 (Using the factor pricing method, multiply the raw food cost of an item by the pricing factor to get the menu sales price. For a 28% food cost, the pricing factor will be 100/28, or $3.57. Next, multiply $1.12 by 3.57 to get $3.99)

A recipe require 1 3/4 cup quick-cooking tapioca. Tapioca is purchased in twelve 8-oz boxes in a case and costs $41.88 per case. Three cups of quick-cooking tapioca weighs 1 lb. What is the recipe cost for tapioca?

$4.07 (One case of tapioca contains 12 boxes of 8 oz apiece for a total of 6 lb (12 x 0.5 lb = 6). To calculate the price per pound, divide $41.88 by 6 lb to get $6.98 per lb. To get the price per cup, divide $6.98 by 3 to get $2.33 per cup. Finally, to get the price for 1¾ cups, multiply $2.33 per cup by 1.75 to get $4.07.)

The foodservice manager has determined that the desired percentage of food cost should be 34%. Using the factor pricing method, what would be the markup for the pasta primavera if the recipe cost is $2.65 raw food cost/portion?

$7.79 (100/desired food cost $ = 100/34 = 2.94. Raw food cost x cost factor = markup - $2.65 x $2.94 = $7.79)

Using the following figures, calculate the breakeven point for The Green Cafe: Fixed costs = $52,000, variable costs = $85,000; total sales = $210,000

$86,666.66 (Break-even point = Fixed costs/1 - (variable costs/sales) $52,000/1 - ($85,000/$210,000) 52,000/1 - 0.40 52,000/0.60 = $86,666.66)

A thermometer used to measure the temperature of food must be accurate to what temperature?

+/- 2F

What would the nitrogen balance be for a patient with a 24-hour urinary nitrogen excretion of 14.3 grams and a protein intake of 102 grams?

-2 grams (Convert protein "in" to nitrogen by dividing by 6.25. 102 g6.25 = 16.3 g Nitrogen Nitrogen in 16.3 g − nitrogen out 14.3 g − 4 g for insensible loss = − 2 gram)

A recipe requires 1 1/2 pt of cleaned, sliced strawberries. The yield for strawberries is 91% and 1 cup of clean, sliced strawberries weighs 7 oz. At a minimum how many pounds of strawberries need to be ordered?

1 1/2 (Since there are 2 cups in 1 pint, the recipe requires 3 cups of cleaned, sliced strawberries. Since 1 cup of clean, sliced strawberries weighs 7 oz, the recipe requires 21 oz. To calculate how many ounces of raw strawberries are needed, divide 21 oz by 0.91 to get 23 oz. Therefore, it will be necessary to buy 1½ pounds of strawberries (1 lb = 16 oz and 1½ pounds = 24 oz).)

Which of the following foods contains less than 20 kcal? 1 Tbsp peanut butter 1 Tbsp sunflower seeds 1 Tbsp ketchup 1 Tbsp reduced-fat mayonnaise

1 Tbsp ketchup (1 Tbsp peanut butter contains 86 kcal. 1 Tbsp sunflower seeds contains 157 kcal. 1 Tbsp ketchup contains 16 kcal, 1 Tbsp reduced-fat mayonnaise contains 48 kcal.)

The biologically active hormone form of vitamin D is

1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D

Which of the following correctly identifies amylopectin? -Galacturonic acid units joined by 1,6 ß linkages -1,4 α glucosidic linkages only -1,4 α glucosidic linkages in addition to 1,6 α glucosidic linkages -1,4 ß glucosidic linkages only

1,4 α glucosidic linkages in addition to 1,6 α glucosidic linkages

What daily energy intake should result in a weight loss of 2 pounds per month if one has been consuming 2,000 kcal per day?

1,750 kcal (3,500 kcal/pound = 7,000 kcal deficiency needed for 2 pound weight loss over 4 weeks; 7,000/28 (4 weeks x 7 days/week) = 250 kcal. 2000-250 = 1750 kcal.)

Protein needs for patients with stage II pressure ulcers can be calculated as

1.2 g to 1.5 g of protein/kg body weight

It takes ___ FTE(s) to fill one 8-hour, 7-day-per-week position.

1.4 (8 hours x 7 days = 56 hours/40 hour work week = 1.4 FTE)

Full-time employees generally work 236 days per year. What is the full-time equivalent?

1.55 (365 days each year ÷ 236 full-time workdays = 1.55 full-time equivalents (FTEs); therefore, 1.55 FTEs are required for each full-time position.)

The foodservice management team has agreed to upgrade the coffee service area to include an imported ESK4-200V espresso machine at a cost of $4,500.00. The estimated gross income from the machine is $3,365.00 a year with a profit margin of 72%. What would be the payback period for this equipment purchase?

1.86 years (First calculate the actual profit from the equipment: $3,365 x 0.72 = $2,422.80 (profit). Then divide initial investment by expected yearly income (profit) to calculate the payback period in years: 4,500.00/2,422.8 = 1.86 years.)

No more than ______ of the National School Lunch Program weekly requirement for servings of fruit may be met by pasteurized full-strength, 100% fruit juice.

1/2

Which of the following foods contains approximately 15g CHO? 1 English muffin 1/2 cup mashed potatoes 4 cups popped popcorn 1 large banana

1/2 cup mashed potatoes

For a food that contains less than 50% calories from fat, how many fewer calories should it contain to be considered a "light" or "lite" food?

1/3 fewer calories

The USDA School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children requires that the schools participating in the National School Breakfast Program provide ___ of the RDA for age or grade group for breakfast.

1/4

The USDA School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children requires that the schools participating in the National School Breakfast Program provide ___ RDA for age/grade group for breakfast.

1/4 (1/3 of RDA for School Lunch Program)

A number 16 scoop will provide what level measurement?

1/4 cup

The temperature range of the "danger zone" is between 41F and _____

135 F

Using the Hamwi formula, what is the IBW for a female who is 70 inches tall and has a small body frame?

135 lbs (100 lbs for first 5 ft + 5 lb for every inch over 60 in = 100 + 50 = 150. Small frame -10%, 150 - 15 = 135)

A patient in residential care is receiving an enteral formula that contains 1.5 kcal/ml at a rate of 75 ml for a 12-hour time frame. The patient will receive:

1350 kcal (This client would receive a total of 900 ml over the 12-hour time frame x 1.5 kcal/ml = 1,350 kcal.)

What is the proper temperature for reheating TCS food for hot-holding?

165 F

When cooking poultry, it should reach an internal temperature of:

165F for 15 seconds

How old must a foodservice employee be in order to operate power-driven bakery machine?

18

How many kcals per ounce does a standard infant formula provide?

20

Approximately how many grams of protein does one cup of raw vegetables contain?

2 grams

Using food-based menu planning, the required portion size of meat/meat alternatives served in a reimbursable lunch to students in grades 9 through 12 must be

2 oz

Which of the following breakfast meals contains approximately 60g of CHO? -2 slices of toast, 1 egg, 1 small orange, 1 cup milk -2 slices of toast, 1 cup apple juice, 1 large banana -1 -1/2 cups of oatmeal, 1/4 cup blueberries, 1 cup orange juice, 1/2 cup milk -2 eggs, 1 slice bacon, 2 slices of toast, 1/2 cup orange juice

2 slices of toast, 1 cup apple juice, 1 large banana

To lower LDL cholesterol, the Academy's Evidence Analysis Library recommends which level of daily plant sterol consumption?

2-3 mg/day

What number of productive FTEs do you need for two 7-day-per-week positions, working 6:30am to 3:00pm, with a 30-min lunch?

2.8 (2 x 8 hours x 7 days = 112 hours/40 hour week = 2.8 FTEs)

In December 2014, the FDA approved a final rule that calorie and other nutrition labeling would be required for standard menu items offered for sale in a restaurant or similar retail food establishment that is part of a chain with _____ or more locations, doing business under the same name, and offering for sale substantially the same menu items.

20

For a food to be labeled "high in," "rich in," or an "excellent source" of a nutrient, what percentage of the Daily Value for that nutrient must be present?

20%

If the dietetics professional presents new information to an adult orally, about how much of what is heard will be remembered after 2 weeks?

20%

What would be the approximate protein requirement, in grams, for a male, non-athlete weight 87 kg?

70

Enteral feeding started within _____ hours of admission to the ICU has been shown to improve LOS and mortality.

24

Guidelines to treat disorders of lipid metabolism in patients with diabetes include: -25%-35% of total energy from fat; less than 7% of total energy from saturated and trans fat. -less than 25% of total energy from fat; less than 10% of total energy from saturated and trans fat. -less than 15% of total energy from all fat. -less than 200 mg of cholesterol per day; greater than 10% of total energy from saturated and trans fat.

25-35% of total energy from fat; less than 7% of total energy from saturated and trans fat.

How many dietary folate equivalents (DFE) are provided in a supplement containing 150 mcg folate?

250 DFE (1 mcg DFE = 0.6 mcg folic acid from dietary supplements consumed with food. 150 ÷ 0.6 = 250)

The foodservice department has been asked to prepare a special luncheon for the Grandway Hospital Board of Directors on Tuesday. There will be 25 board members at the luncheon. There are 125 portions of vegetable lasagna needed for the hospital's lunch service that day. The standardized vegetable lasagna recipe yields 125 portions and requires 21 lb of ricotta cheese. How much ricotta cheese must Chef Carl order to meet production needs?

26 lb (Carl has a recipe for 125 portions and he needs to increase the yield to 150 portions. Divide 150 by 125 to get the factor, which is 1.2. Then multiply 21 pounds by 1.2 to get 25.2 pounds and round up to 26 pounds.)

Approximately how many grams of fat would be contained in an 800 kcal meal that provides 50% of the energy from CHO, 20% from protein, and the remainder from fat?

27 (If the meal contains 50% carbohydrate and 20% protein, then the meal contains 30% (0.30) fat. 800 kcal x 0.30 = 240 kcal from fat. 240 kcal ÷ 9 kcal per gram of fat = 26.66 or 27 g fat.)

How many pounds are recommended for an underweight woman to gain during her pregnancy?

28-40

The Student Dietetic Association is having a smoothie tasting event. Each smoothie calls for a number 4 scoop of Greek yogurt, number 8 scoop of frozen strawberries, and a number 8 scoop of fresh blueberries. You anticipate 450 attendees at the event. How many gallons of Greek yogurt will you need?

29 gallons (Scoop sizes are based on the number of scoops it takes to fill a 32 fl oz container. A number 4 scoop holds 1 cup. For 450 attendees, 450 cups of Greek yogurt are needed. Since there are 16 cups in a gallon, divide 450 by 16 to get 28.12 gallons. To feed everyone, 29 gallons are needed.)

Approximately how many CHO servings are 48 grapes?

3 (roughly 15 grapes in 1 CHO serving)

Which of the following is the recommended amount of caffeine for healthy children aged 5 to 12?

3 mg/kg (should not exceed 100mg of caffeine)

The Sixth Street Community Canning Cooperative has received a 24-lb bushel of apricots and have decided to make jam. Apricots have a yield percent of 94%. The recipe calls for 6 lb of trimmed apricots. How many batches of jam can they make?

3.76 (If the yield percent for apricots is 94%, multiply 24 pounds by 0.94 to get 22.56 pounds—this is the amount of trimmed apricots. Next divide 22.56 pounds by 6 pounds to determine how many batches of the recipe can be made. The answer is 3.76.)

Since July 2012, children in grades K-5 must be served a minimum of ____ cup vegetables with each NSLP reimbursable meal.

3/4

A food provides 28g of CHO, 8g protein, and 7g fat. What percent of this food's calories come from fat?

30%

A meal providing 1200 kcal contains 13g sat fat, 10g monounsat fat, and 27g polyunsat fat. What is the percentage of energy supplied by the lipid?

37

What type of leadership style involves leaders that take total control, make decisions, and assume full responsibility?

Autocratic

The most appropriate nutrition prescription for your patient with cirrhosis includes: 0.6 g protein/kg body weight 40%-45% fat 4-6 smaller meals per day 4-6 g sodium

4-6 smaller meals per day

Approximately how many servings of milk would a woman 53yo need to consume to meet her RDA for calcium?

4 cups (1200 mg calcium for 51yo+. Milk has 300 mg calcium/cup. Plain yogurt has 450 calcium/cup)

Large institutions most often plan meals using cycle menus. Which of the following cycle lengths is most appropriate for a long-term-care facility? -2-week cycle menu -1-week cycle menu -4-week cycle menu -Restaurant style static menu

4-week cycle menu

A breastfed infant should receive how many IUs of vitamin D per day during the first 2 months of like?

400

Preparing the following recipe for conversion using the percentage method, what is the percentage of flour? 1 kg plain flour 4.7 g teaspoon salt 3.5 g baking powder 900 g unsalted butter 400 g granulated sugar

43.32% (Total weight of the recipe is 2308.2 g. Individual ingredient weight/total weight x 100 = percentage of individual ingredient; so 1 kg = 1000 g/2308.2 = 0.4332 x 100 = 43.32%. Flour = 43.32%.)

In a 2007 study, 115 of the 260 men had diabetes and 75 of the 115 diabetic men died during the 10-year follow-up period. Calculate the morbidity rate for these men.

44.23%

The total value of food in inventory on March 1 is $8,327. The facility purchased $3,200 of food during the month of March. April 1 inventory value is $6,800. Total sales for the month of March were $10,538. What was the food cost percentage for the month of March?

45% (add together the value of the food inventory on March 1 ($8,327) to the food purchased during the month of March ($3,200)—the total is $11,527. Next, subtract the inventory for April 1 from $11,527, to get $4,727, which represents the amount of food used during March. To get the food cost percentage for March, divide the cost of food used during March ($4,727) by March sales ($10,538) to get 45%.)

An item with less than ____ kcal per serving can be considered "calorie free".

5

Dietetics professionals can expect about one in _____ of their clients to have a disability that will require special accommodations.

5

In accordance with the FDA's product labeling regulations, an item with less than ____ kcal per labeled serving can be considered "calorie free."

5

When pickling foods, the level of brine acidity is critical not only for acceptable flavor and texture, but also for safety of the product. The appropriate acidity level of the vinegar used must be at least:

5%

Labor costs for a roast beef dinner were $764, operating costs were $129, profit was $210, and the cost for food for the event was $895. What was the food cost percentage?

50% (Food cost percentage is calculated according to the following formula: Cost of food divided by total production costs. Total production costs include the cost of food, labor and overhead/operations costs. These costs include taxes, utilities, maintenance, etc. Profit is not included in the calculation as it is not a production cost.)

Dry food should be stored between:

50-70F

A patient in residential care receives parenteral formula of D40W of 500 ml in one day. The number of kcals delivered is:

680 kcal (1 L of D40W = 400g dextrose, 500 ml = 200g dextrose x 3.4 kcal/g = 680 kcal)

The minimum number of additional competencies that ACEND requires a program to have to support its emphasis area is ___.

7

A food product may be labeled "Made with Organic Ingredients" if ____% of the finished product's ingredients meet organic criteria.

70%

According to regulations, what is the most caffeine that can be in a 12-oz serving of soda pop?

71 mg

Which one of the following patient scenarios requires less stringent blood glucose targets? -A 32-year-old with new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes -A 65-year-old on metformin only and who is determined to lose weight and get off medication -A 72-year-old with 8-year history of diabetes starting basal insulin therapy -A 58-year-old with severe cardiomyopathy, depression, and limited family support

A 58-year-old with severe cardiomyopathy, depression, and limited family support (Stringent glucose targets are established with regard to life expectancy, presence of comorbid conditions, risk of hypoglycemia, and support systems. Scenarios A, B, and C represent appropriate supports to initiate basal insulin with low risk for hypoglycemia.)

Which of the following categories of food items must bear a Nutrition Facts label? -A donut purchased directly from the bakery where it was prepared -A sandwich purchased at a restaurant for take-out -A burrito purchased from a small business -A beverage purchased in a plastic container from a grocery store

A beverage purchased in a plastic container from a grocery store

According to the USDA, what is the penalty for falsely labeling a product as "organic"?

A civil fine up to $11,000

Which of the following is an application of nanotechnology in the foodservice industry? -Computer software that manages inventory via the tracking of sales -Foodservice storage containers that are permeable to gasses that contribute to spoilage -A frying oil that catalytically inhibits the thermal polymerization of the oil -Increasing the concentration of vitamin D in low-fat dairy products to increase the potential for absorption

A frying oil that catalytically inhibits the thermal polymerization of the oil (By catalytically inhibiting the thermal polymerization of frying oil, the product promises to slow the oil's deterioration, thus preserving its freshness and lengthening its use. The result is crispier fries, higher food quality, and reduced oil and disposal costs.)

Which of the following individuals would be LEAST likely to be at risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency? -A vegan -A woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome taking metformin therapy -An elderly individual on a proton pump inhibitor -A man on aspirin therapy

A man on aspirin therapy

The ethical principle of autonomy is supported when: -a clinician treats all patients with similar attention. -explaining the benefits and risks of enteral nutrition to the wife of a man in a persistent vegetative state. -enteral nutrition is provided to a postoperative patient requiring mechanical ventilation. -a patient at end of life is allowed to refuse parenteral nutrition.

A patient at end of life is allowed to refuse PN

What helps maintain indoor air quality by removing grease, steam, smoke, and heat from the foodservice establishment?

A proper ventilation system

One disadvantage of using a crossover design over a parallel design is: -a shorter study duration. -a smaller sample size. -a reduction in variability. -a washout period is not needed.

A reduction in variability

Retrogradation, which occurs in starches, can be defined as:

A reforming of hydrogen bonds into crystalline regions as the starch paste is held

What type of learning experiences should the dietetics professional provide in order to maximize the clients' accomplishment of learning outcomes?

A role-play situation

For credentialed RDNs and NDTRs, what is the basic difference between a statutory scope of practice and an individual scope of practice?

A statutory scope of practice is defined at the state level and an individual scope of practice is flexible and defined by the individual's professional practice

A manager oversees one or more RDNs providing care for patients with a variety of medical conditions. Which of the following should the manager use when determining work assignments? -OSHA's Professional Expectations for Professional Patient Care -Joint Commission Standards for Care of Chronic Patients -Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance for RDNs -Patient Care Guidelines from the American Board of Examiners for Nutrition and Dietetics

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance for RDNs

What can be used to reduce overproduction?

Accurate forecasting Small-batch cooking Freezing prepared items

The LEARN guidelines provide a framework that dietetics practitioners can use to convey a culturally sensitive treatment plan. The "A" in LEARN stands for _____.

Acknowledge

To prevent protein precipitation (curdling) when marking cream of tomato soup:

Add acid to milk rather than milk to acid

Building an appropriate protein matrix is essential for achieving the proper quality features in baked goods. Increasing the amount of sugar in a recipe will have which of the following effects on gluten development and the mixing process?

Added sugar will slow gluten development and require more manipulation

Which of the following accurately describes how alcohol is digested and absorbed? -Alcohol requires no digestion and is absorbed by simple diffusion. -Alcohol is digested in the stomach and absorbed primarily from the small intestine. -Alcohol is digested in and absorbed primarily from the stomach. -Alcohol requires no digestion and is absorbed by active transport.

Alcohol requires no digestion and is absorbed by simple diffusion

Which of the following includes energy-yielding substances? -Carbohydrates, triglycerides, protein -Alcohol, carbohydrates, triglycerides, protein -Vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, triglycerides, protein -Carbohydrates, triglycerides, protein, vitamins, minerals, water

Alcohol, carbohydrates, triglycerides, protein

Critical nutrition concerns in children ages 2-11 years of age include: -excessive intakes of dietary fat, especially saturated fats. -decreased intakes of foods that are good sources of calcium, fiber, iron, vitamin E, folate, magnesium, and potassium. -sedentary lifestyles. -all of the above.

All of the above

Data reviewed for nutrition assessment is also reviewed during the following step: -monitoring and evaluation -nutrition diagnosis -goal setting -all of the above

All of the above

Symptoms associated with hypersensitivity to the ingestion of a food may stem from: -chemical contaminants -microbiological contaminants -parasitic contaminants -all of the above

All of the above

The Nutrition Care Process model consists of: -outcomes management systems. -dietetics knowledge. -critical thinking skills. -all of the above.

All of the above

Which of these individuals is most likely to present with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? A premature infant An alcoholic man A postmenopausal woman A disabled child

An alcoholic man (abuse of alcohol often leads to a severe form of thiamin deficiency known as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome)

Which of the following statements is valid regarding the use of nutrition labels in a restaurant? -All items are now required to bear a Nutrition Facts label. -An item listed as "low fat" on the menu must be substantiated upon request. -Items at a restaurant are exempt from providing nutrition information. -Only restaurants with more than 10 establishments are required to provide nutrition information.

An item listed as "low fat" on the menu must be substantiated upon request

To include formative evaluation in an instruction of breastfeeding techniques, the dietetics professional should _____. -ask participants several times during the class to share something that they have learned -determine the number of participants who breastfeed after attending the class -ask participants what else should have been included at the conclusion of class -determine what the participants remember from the class 3 to 6 months after attending

Ask participants several times during the class to share something that they have learned

A university operates food kiosks containing items that are purchased prepared and require minimal cooking before service. What name is given to this type of foodservice operation?

Assembly/serve

When using the andragogy theory and strategy of learning, the nutrition professional should

Assist clients in identifying weight loss strategies that could work for them (andragogy = adults need to be involved in the planning of learning and the teacher facilitates the learning and assists with identifying reinforcers)

A deficiency of vitamin B-12 in older adults is most likely due to: -diverticulosis. -fat malabsorption. -atrophic gastritis. -gallbladder disease.

Atrophic gastritis

Meals that are assembled in one location and transported to another location in the facility define which type of foodservice systems?

Centralized meal assembly

Consumption of high levels of folate supplements can mask a(n) _____________ deficiency.

B12

Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of which vitamin?

B12

Which of the following growth charts is currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assess weight in relation to stature in children ages 2 to 20 years? -BMI-for-age -Length-for-age -Weight-for-age -Stature-for-age

BMI-for-age

Which of the following lunch menus reflect proper menu planning principles? -Steamed haddock, rice, roasted cauliflower, vanilla frozen yogurt with fresh pineapple -Baked pork chop, sautéed broccoli, rice pilaf, vanilla frozen yogurt with strawberries -Grilled chicken breast, mashed potatoes, steamed parsnips, lemon sorbet -Meatballs, tiny whole potatoes, brussels sprouts, fresh bing cherries

Baked pork chop, sauteed broccoli, rice pilaf, vanilla frozen yogurt with strawberries (variety of flavors, textures, consistency, and food shapes that are balanced. The meal is very colorful and the foods complement each other and employ a variety of cooking methods)

Which of the following lunch menus reflect proper menu planning principles? -Steamed haddock, rice, roasted cauliflower, vanilla frozen yogurt with fresh pineapple -Baked pork chop, sautéed broccoli, rice pilaf, vanilla frozen yogurt with strawberries -Grilled chicken breast, mashed potatoes, steamed parsnips, lemon sorbet -Meatballs, tiny whole potatoes, Brussels sprouts, fresh bing cherries

Baked pork chop, sautéed broccoli, rice pilaf, vanilla frozen yogurt with strawberries (The meal in choice B (baked pork chop, sautéed broccoli, rice pilaf, vanilla frozen yogurt with strawberries) shows the best use of color in a lunch meal, as well as a variety of flavors, textures, consistency, and food shapes that are balanced. The foods complement each other and employ a variety of cooking methods. The meals in answer choices A and C are mostly white in color and not as visually appealing. The meal in option D has color, but all the foods have the same shape (round).)

Which of the components of total energy expenditure accounts for the largest percentage of total energy expenditure?

Basal metabolism

Which of the following is an example of Hawthorne effect? -"Chloe has always thought that she caught fewer colds when she remembered to take her zinc supplements, so she is pleased to be in a study now to determine the impact of zinc supplements on one's susceptibility to colds. She is sure that the supplement she is taking is helping her avoid catching colds." -"Pat, a researcher for a number of clinical trials, has reviewed preliminary results from a study of the effects of caffeine on sleeplessness. The data indicate that the findings may be inconclusive so Pat has asked that the interview questions be revised to make it possible to identify what may be more subtle effects of caffeine." -"Emma is participating in a study of the impact of artificially sweetened cold drinks on appetite. She believes that she is in the control group so she plans to report that the beverage she drinks does not affect her appetite." -"Because Raul is in a study to determine the impact of eating breakfast on one's ability to achieve faster times in track and field events that include 'sprinting' periods, he is skipping breakfast less often."

Because Raul is in a study to determine the impact of eating breakfast on one's ability to achieve faster times in track and field events that include "sprinting" periods, he is skipping breakfast less often (The Hawthorne effect is a term referring to the tendency of some people to work harder and perform better when they are participants in an experiment or program. The individuals may change their behavior due to the attention they are receiving rather than because of any manipulation of independent variables.)

The following programs are recommended as primary interventions in school-based child and adolescent overweight prevention programs: -Food environment changes, homework/reading/computer use changes, media influences, nutrition education -Food environment changes, nutrition education, physical activity education -Behavioral counseling, nutrition education, physical activity education, parental/family involvement -None of the above

Behavioral counseling, nutrition education, physical activity education, parental/family involvement

What is the KEY element in disciplining employees?

Being consistent

Prior to freezing, vegetables must be _____ before freezing to stop the damaging actions of enzymes.

Blanched

In order to measure body composition, the _____ machine determines body density by measuring the amount of air displaced.

Bod pod

Resting energy expenditure is most affected by: body composition. physical activity. time of day. food intake.

Body composition

The Emergency Food Assistance Program and the Disaster Feeding Program are examples of food distribution programs. Which of the following statements best describes the similarities of the two programs? -Both programs may serve children, adolescent, and other age groups and provide commodity foods to local food distribution and service agencies. -Both programs serve children and adolescents and provide commodity foods to local food distribution and service agencies -Both programs serve low-income populations and supplemental food supplies are either distributed to individual households or as meals served in congregate dining centers. -Both programs may serve children, adolescent, and other age groups and food supplies are either distributed to individual households or as meals served in congregate dining centers.

Both programs may serve children, adolescent, and other age groups and provide commodity foods to local food distribution and service agencies

Because insulin and _____ are secreted in the bloodstream in equal amounts, ____ can be used as a clinical indicator of endogenous insulin production.

C-peptide

What is the name of the pancreatic digestive enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of certain proteins in the small intestine into polypeptides and amino acids?

Chymotrypsin

Which of the following is a valid statement regarding the use of structure/function claims on a dietary supplement? -Can be used to describe how a nutrient prevents a disease. -Can be used to describe how a nutrient alters the treatment of a disease. -Can be used to describe how a nutrient affects normal body function. -Can be used to describe how a nutrient cures common ailments.

Can be used to describe how a nutrient affects normal body function

Which federal agency is charged with tracking outbreaks of foodborne illness?

CDC

Which of the following is a functional food that has been identified as having a qualified health claim for essential and gestational hypertension? -Calcium supplement -Green tea -Selenium supplement -Dried tomatoes

Calcium supplement

The FDA would be most likely to issues a Class I recall if: -a box of dates was mislabeled for country of origin. -the use-by date was stamped February instead of March on boxes of dry cereal. -canned carrots had been underfilled with 13.5 net ounces instead of 15 net ounces. -canned green beans had been underprocessed.

Canned green beans had been underprocessed

Which would be added to a cola beverage as a natural colorant? -Sodium benzoate -Caffeine -Caramel -Vanillin

Caramel

In foodservice operations, what is the most common recycled item?

Cardboard

Which of the following is often added to fat-free chocolate milk as a stabilizer and thickener to improve mouthfeel?

Carrageenan

Sandra, the new cook, was monitoring the final cooking temperature of the beef roast for dinner service. The recipe called for the roast to be cooked to medium, an internal temperature of 160F. Sandra removed the roast when the internal temperature reached 160F. However, 15 minutes later, when serving the beef roast, the meat was well done. Using the same thermometer, Sandra rechecked the internal temperature, and the thermometer read 175F. What caused the roast to be overdone?

Carry-over cooking has occurred

Which food is most likely to lose turgor? Milk Celery Frozen peas Broiled pork chop

Celery (Turgor is the normal distention or rigidity of plant cells, resulting from the pressure exerted by the cell contents on the cell walls)

What federal agency has established and used the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, or FoodNet, to estimate the number of foodborne illnesses, to monitor trends in incidence of specific foodborne illnesses over time, to attribute illnesses to specific foods and settings, and disseminates this information?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Which agency sets the mandated guidelines for meals in long-term-care facilities that receive Medicare and Medicaid funding?

Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services

Collaborative planning sessions to gain input from all who might be affected by a new kitchen design as called:

Charrettes

Which of the following changes in eating pattern has research shown to most positively contribute to a decrease in energy consumption among children? -Children participating in family-style meals at home -Children being provided a child-special meal. -Parents or caregivers serving children on individual plates -Parents or caregivers providing scheduled meals and snacks in the home

Children participating in family-style meals at home

______ is the aldehyde group of chlorophyll with a yellow-green color.

Chlorophyll b

The presence of fat in the intestine stimulates cells to release:

Cholecystokinin (Cholecystokinin is a hormone produced principally by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats, causing contraction of the gallbladder, release of bile, and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes.)

______ is a plant enzyme that splits off from chlorophyll to form chlorophyllide.

Choraphyllase

After a meal, most of the fat that travels from the intestines into the lymph system and eventually into the blood is in the form of particles known as:

Chylomicrons

Which FDA class of recalls are for products that might cause a temporary health problem, or pose only a slight threat of a serious nature?

Class II (potential health hazard situation in which there is a remote probability of adverse health consequences from eating the food)

Which of the following actions is believed to increase the effectiveness of an interviewer? -Clearly defining the purpose of the interview to the interviewee -Clearly establishing the interviewer's position of authority -Taking copious notes to aid in the recall of information later -Developing an emotional attachment

Clearly defining the purpose of the interview to the interviewee

_______ occurs when chlorophyll is subjects to an alkaline medium and has an unusually bright green color.

Clorophyllin

Which bacteria is anaerobic and poses a threat to the safety of home-canned foods?

Clostridium botulinum

What microorganism is known as the "cafeteria bug" and results in symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea within 8-18 hours after ingestion?

Clostridium perfringens

Which of the following oils is an adequate source of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)? Corn oil Coconut oil Safflower oil Soybean oil

Coconut oil

Two fats that are high in saturated fat and solid at room temperature include:

Coconut oil and Palm Kernel oil

Another name for irradiation is

Cold pasteurization

Another name for irradiation is:

Cold pasteurization

Which USDA grade of beef is not purchased for general foodservice use?

Commercial

A school foodservice has centralized procurement and production facilities with distribution of prepared menu items to several remote areas for final preparation and service. What name is given to this type of foodservice operation?

Commissary

According to CDR's Essential Practice Competencies, graduates of accredited dietetics programs are required to have knowledge in eight content areas, including physical and biological sciences, social sciences, research, and:

Communications

In the Nutrition Care Process, estimated energy needs, estimated fiber needs, and recommended body weight/body mass index/growth are examples of:

Comparative standards

In the receiving process, what step should be taken first?

Compare the purchase order and invoice

Which of the following statements is true? -Conceptual skills are most important at upper levels of management. -Human skills are most important at lower levels of management. -Human skills are most important at upper levels of management. -Conceptual skills are most important at lower levels of management.

Conceptual skills are most important at the upper levels of management

A facility director is charged with evaluating whether it is worthwhile to complete a project. The best approach would be to:

Conduct a cost-to-benefit analysis

In behavior change, which example demonstrates self-efficacy? -Confidence in ability to consume breakfast daily -Reading an article regarding regular physical activity and heart disease -Doing research on family history of diabetes -Perception that financial status will affect ability to eat recommended servings of fruits and vegetables

Confidence in ability to consume breakfast daily

What type of leadership style requires the entire group to come to an agreement?

Consensus

Consider the following clinical scenario: Age: 52 yo male, weight 163lb, height 5'1''. BMI 22.7. Current Rx: Metformin 1g, Saxagliptin 5mg; Glucotrol XL 10 mg. Laboratory work: Hemoglobin A1c: 13.9%; fasting blood glucose: 356 mg/dl; + glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) auto antibodies test). The referring physician note states: "Patient needs diet instruction." Which of the following is the best action for the RDN to take? -Educate the patient about low carbohydrate foods to minimize glucose elevations. -Contact the referring physician to consider insulin therapy. -Emphasize meal spacing and carbohydrate consistency. -Negotiate a weight loss of 5% to 7% body weight loss.

Contact the referring physician to consider insulin therapy (The GAD shows that the patient has type 1 diabetes and will need insulin therapy for glucose control. Options A, C, and D would be appropriate actions for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have insulin resistance. Dietary or nutrition approaches will not fix the glucose problem for this patient)

In order to be labeled as "pure" vanilla, the US Food and Drug Administration requires that it:

Contain 35% alcohol by volume

Based on this client statement, determine which stage of change he or she is in: "I know what you are going to tell me, and I know a lot about nutrition. I know what I need to do to lose weight, but I just can't do it."

Contemplation

Which of the following statements about the intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) benefit for obese Medicare Part B beneficiaries is true? -Coverage for the benefit is granted in most care settings. -In order to qualify, the beneficiary's BMI must be greater than 40. -Continued treatment for obesity is contingent on weight loss assessed at the seventh month of treatment. -RDNs may provide the service and bill Medicare using a unique physician identification number.

Continued treatment for obesity is contingent on weight loss assessed at the seventh month of treatment

An extended-care facility has one central kitchen in which foods are purchased in different preparation stages. Production, distribution, and service are completed on the same premises. What name is given to this type of foodservice operation?

Conventional

Which of the following does NOT help prevent allergic reactions when serving food to customers with allergies? -Cooking different types of food in the same fryer oil. -Washing, rinsing, and sanitizing cookware, equipment, and utensils before preparing food. -Identifying ingredients to the public, including any "secret" ingredients. -Assigning specific equipment for preparing food for customers with food allergies.

Cooking different types of food in the same fryer oil

Which of the following is one of the four domains of Nutrition Intervention in the Nutrition Care Process? -Client history -Nutrition-focused physical findings -Coordination of care -Food/nutrition-related history

Coordination of care

Compared to a non-leader, which grouping of words best describes a leader? -Copes with complexities, seeks to be understood, empowers -Organizes, motivates, copes with complexities -Seeks to be understood, perseveres, copes with change -Copes with change, empowers, perseveres

Copes with change, empowers, perserves

Which phrase best describes a leader? -Copes with complexities, seeks to be understood, empowers -Organizes, motivates, copes with complexities -Seeks to be understood, perseveres, copes with change -Copes with change, empowers, perseveres

Copes with change, empowers, perseveres

Which of the following allergens are exempt from the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004? Milk Eggs Crustacean shellfish Corn

Corn

Which decision-making process would be most appropriate for determining whether medication, consultations with a registered dietitian nutritionist, or some combination of the two is the best approach for lowering serum triglyceride levels? -Decision tree -Cost-effectiveness analysis -Network chart -Cost-benefit analysis

Cost-effectiveness analysis

______ can be defined as the accumulation of a group's learned and shared behaviors in everyday life.

Culture

Which of the following is a physical link between safe water and dirty water, which can come from drains, sewers, or other wastewater sources? -Air gap -Backflow -Vacuum breaker -Cross-connection

Cross-connection

Cheese is peeled off a cheeseburger to make it a hamburger. What type of transfer has occurred?

Cross-contact

When allergens are transferred from food containing an allergen to the food served to the customer, this is called

Cross-contact

To prevent deterioration of canned sauces, what should be used?

Cross-linked starch

Which quick freezing process incorporates very low temperatures with liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide?

Cryogenic freezing

Which quick-freezing process incorporates very low temperatures with liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide?

Cryogenic freezing

Which of the following business concepts represents marketing? -Emphasis on product, sales-volume-oriented, needs of seller -Customer wants, profit-oriented, future growth -Sales-volume-oriented, customer wants, planning for today -Profit-oriented, future growth, needs of seller

Customer wants, profit-oriented, future growth

Which USDA grades of beef are missing from this list: prime, canner, select, choice, utility, and commercial

Cutter Standard (The grades for beef from highest to lowest are prime, choice, select, standard, commercial, utility, cutter, and canner. The two missing grades are cutter and standard.)

Which of the following is NOT a component of meta-analysis? -Inclusion criteria are clearly defined -Peer-reviewed data are preferred -Studies must have a similar design -Data are presented in a narrative manner

Data are presented in a narrative manner

What is the correct order of digestion, proximal to distal, of the small intestine? -Duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum -Ileum - Jejunum - Duodenum -Jejunum - Duodenum - Ileum -Duodenum - Ileum - Jejunum

Duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum

A natural, early-morning increase in blood sugar relevant to people with diabetes. This is associated with hyperglycemia and leads to an increased need for insulin in the evening.

Dawn phenomenon

Which ratio would be used to examine an establishment's ability to meet its long-term financial obligations and its financial leverage?

Debt to assets

Meals that are produced in one location and then transported to other locations for assembly closer to the customers is which type of foodservice system?

Decentralized meal assembly

The chef is preparing to make seasonal changes in the cafeteria menu and wants to make similar changes in the patient menu. How will this change help to control menu cost?

Decrease food cost, labor, and/or production costs and optimize inventory and food usage

After reviewing the results of menu engineering, what is the best way to manage a puzzle?

Decrease the menu item's selling price (puzzle items are those that are profitable but not popular)

Altitude affects water bath canning processing times. This is due to the fact that as altitude increases, the temperature of boiling water _____ while processing time must be _____.

Decreases, lengthened

During a snow storm, the assistant cook (AC) can't get to work. The person working in the "floater" position is unable to take over all AC responsibilities but is somewhat confident and is willing to assist the head cook in preparing items on the daily production schedule. To be most effective, what would be the manager's approach? -Provide specific instructions (ie, "do this") to the willing employee and closely supervise performance. -Define roles and tasks for the willing employee, provide opportunity for role clarification and questions, and give support. -Listen to the willing employee, share ideas, facilitate in decision making, encourage, and praise. -Turn over responsibility for decisions and implementation to the willing employee and head cook. Provide occasional recognition.

Define roles and tasks for the willing employee, provide opportunity for role clarification and questions, and give support.

Rosa wants to plan a community nutrition program to encourage children ages 11-15 to consume healthier afterschool snacks. She has reviewed the results of the community needs assessment, defined program goals and objects, and developed a program plan. Next, she would:

Define the management system

What best describes the "P" component of the PSDA performance improvement model?

Determination of how changes will be implemented

What best describes the "S" component of the PDSA performance improvement model?

Determination of the impact of the plan

In which step in the HACCP plan can you identify where hazards can be prevented, eliminated, or reduced to safe levels?

Determine critical control points

When using the plan-do-study-act (PDSA) process, what occurs during the plan phase?

Determine how to collect data

After defining the nutritional problem while conducting a community needs assessment, what is your next step?

Determine the purpose of the needs assessment

The third step in developing one's professional portfolio to maintain status as an RDN or NDTR include ______

Developing a learning plan that shows how the professional will meet established goals (The steps in developing a professional development portfolio are to (1) reflect on professional practice to establish professional goals, (2) conduct a learning needs assessment to identify what you know now and what you need to learn to reach goals, (3) develop a learning plan that shows how goals will be met, (4) implement learning plan, and (5) evaluate learning plan outcomes.)

A complication of uncontrolled diabetes, caused by failure to follow the diet by overeating of CHOs and omission of an insulin regimen, may result in:

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Which of the following is not within a RD's scope of practice? -Providing diabetes care -Providing pediatric nutrition -Diagnosing diabetes -Managing food services

Diagnosing diabetes

Which of the following statements about lipids is true? -Steroid hormones are made from one or more fat-soluble vitamins. -Digestion of triglycerides requires bile and lipases. -Triglyceride digestion is completed in the large intestine. -Insulin stimulates lipolysis and the mobilization of triglycerides.

Digestion of triglycerides requires bile and lipases

Which set of directives best describes the management process? -Controlling, directing, transforming, planning, staffing -Planning, staffing, establishing objectives, organizing, directing -Planning, staffing, controlling, establishing objectives, transforming -Directing, controlling, organizing, staffing, planning

Directing, controlling, organizing, staffing, planning

What is ozone used for in food processing?

Disinfecting and sanitizing

Which management theory is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence?

Drucker's Management by Objectives

Which agency determines the safety of new pesticides and sets a tolerance level for all pesticides and their residue in food?

EPA

In classical management theory, the unity of command specifies that

Each individual should be accountable to only one supervisor

Which word best describes doing things correctly or getting the most output from the least amount of input? -Efficient -Effective -Economical -Expedient

Efficient

Which of the following foods must a child with phenylketonuria avoid? -Egg -Banana -Rice -French fries

Egg

What is the name of the enzyme found especially in pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin?

Elastase

EHR is the acronym for

Electronic health record

The following blood test result puts a patient at greatest risk for developing heart disease: -elevated cholesterol. -low triglycerides. -elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-buoyant particles of cholesterol -Elevated LDL-dense particles of cholesterol

Elevated LDL-dense particles of cholesterol

Which of the following is considered an output of a foodservice system? -Distribution and service -Policies and procedures -Employee satisfaction -Menu

Employee satisfaction (the outputs are the goods and services that result from transforming the inputs of the system. Employee satisfaction, along with customer satisfaction and financial accountability, are desired outcomes)

A patient with acute renal failure will have a higher need of ____ compared with a similar patient with optimal renal function?

Energy

A patient with acute renal failure will have a higher need of which nutrient compared with a similar patient with optimal renal function? -Protein -Potassium -Fluid -Energy

Energy

Motivational interviewing is best described as a style of counseling that:

Enhances intrinsic motivation and is a person-centered directive method of counseling

What decisional roles does a manager perform when committing an organization to specific courses of action and/or determining unit strategy? -Disseminator, leader, disturbance handler, and/or negotiator -Monitor, resource allocator, entrepreneur, and/or figurehead -Liaison, spokesperson, monitor, and/or disseminator -Entrepreneur, resource allocator, disturbance handler, and/or negotiator

Entrepreneur, resource allocator, disturbance handler, and/or negotiator

What federal agency has food safety responsibilities?

Environmental Protection Agency

The term for the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency is:

Epidemiology

Having the same or similar outputs results from different inputs is called:

Equifinality

HACCP principles must be considered in order. Which is the fourth principle?

Establish monitoring procedures (1. Conduct a hazard analysis 2. Determine critical control points 3. Establish critical limits 4. Establish monitoring procedure 5. Identify corrective actions 6. Verify that the system works 7. Establish procedures for record keeping and documentation)

Which set of dietary intake values meets the established nutrient needs of one-half of the individuals in a specific group?

Estimated Average Requirement

What name is given to air that is removed from a workspace and building through an HVAC system?

Exhaust

Which is an example of upward communication in an organization? -Exit interview -Newsletter -Pay insert -Policy manual

Exit interview (Effective upward communication provides employees with an opportunity to have a say in what happens in the organization and for managers to receive vital information from lower levels in an organization)

Participants are randomly assigned to follow one of three specific diets plans for 7 weeks to assess the impact of varying amounts of high-fructose corn syrup consumption on serum triglyceride levels. What kind of study is this?

Experimental

Which "leadership powers" tend to be related to subordinate satisfaction and performance? -Expert, referent -Legitimate, expert -Referent, reward -Reward, legitimate

Expert, referent

In the ETHNIC model of culturally competent care, the "E" stands for ______.

Explanation

What production forecasting method would be used if an assumption was made that actual occurrences follow an identifiable pattern over time? Exponential smoothing Moving average Linear regression Both A and B

Exponential smoothing Moving average

In order to ensure quality and consistency, this agency established standards of identity for common food products.

FDA

Standards of identity that specify minimum and maximum ingredient requirements, optional ingredients, and prohibited ingredients in a food product are established by which federal agency?

FDA

What is the primary regulatory agency responsible for the safety of imported fish?

FDA

Which agency approves the use of food additives in breakfast cereal?

FDA

Which agency enforces provisions of the FD&C Act prohibiting sale of products with false advertising?

FDA

Which agency enforces provisions of the FD&C Act prohibiting the sale of products with false advertising?

FDA

Which agency has accepted genetically engineered foods as posing no risk to health or safety and does not require mandatory labeling of GMOs if the food is substantially equivalent to the original in nutritional value?

FDA

Which agency regulates production of all canned green beans that are marketed across state lines?

FDA

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides a strict definition for functional foods. True False

False

What program was designed to determine the burden of foodborne disease in the US, monitor trends of specific foodborne illnesses over time, attribute the burden of foodborne illness to specific foods and settings, and develop and assess interventions to reduce the burden of foodborne illness?

FoodNet

The Academy takes the position that pediatric overweight intervention programs require a combination of which of the following programs: -school-based multi-component programs and community-based interventions. -family-based multi-component programs and environmental interventions. -community-based interventions and environmental interventions. -family-based and school-based multi-component programs.

Family-based and school-based multi-component programs

Which of the following situations best describes why an older adult may become dehydrated? -Fear of incontinence -Living alone -Low income -Poor intake of fruit

Fear of incontinence

______ is the process of converting CHO to CO2, acids, and alcohol by yeast or bacteria.

Fermentation

The USDA does NOT provide quality grade marks for: Fish Chicken Beef Lamb

Fish

Which of the following foods should a pregnant woman avoid? King mackerel Tuna Trout Shrimp

King mackerel

Which dish machine would be most efficient and effective for use in high-volume foodservice operations? -Two-tank rack conveyor -Flight-type continuous conveyor -Corner, single-tank, door-type -Spray, three-tank rack, door-type

Flight-type continuous conveyor

ABC Hospital Food and Nutrition Department prepares and delivers meals to other health care operations in a large metropolitan area. Other hospital foodservices in the metropolitan area have recently begun offering meal delivery service. ABC Hospital modified its service to offer home meal replacements to the health care staff in addition to its other meal delivery service. ABC Hospital is using

Focus strategy

Which of the following elements is NOT part of the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) framework for health care quality? -Patient-centered -Equitable -Timely -Focused on choosing a process to improve

Focused on choosing a process to improve

An elevated homocysteine level could be an indicator of which deficiency?

Folate

Which agency would regulate the manufacturing of chicken noodle soup?

Food Safety and Inspection Service

Which agency would regulate the manufacture of cream of chicken soup that contained almost no meat?

Food Safety and Inspection Service (responsible for the inspection of canned product manufacturing)

The safety and quality of meat and poultry imported to the United States is overseen by the ______

Food Safety and Inspection Services

When talking about program planning for community nutrition, what would the term "management" refer to?

Managing personnel and data systems

What is the condition in which individuals lack adequate physical, social, or economic access to food?

Food insecurity

All of the following statements are true regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) and women, EXCEPT -heart disease is the number one killer of women. -the highest rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality occur in black women. -for primary prevention, all women older than 40 should take a baby aspirin daily. -specific nutrition recommendations for women include quantitative limits on the amount of sugar consumed per week.

For primary prevention, all women older than 40 should take a baby aspirin daily

This process uses sublimation to prepare high-quality preserved foods:

Freeze-drying

______ is a process that uses sublimation to prepare high-quality preserved foods.

Freeze-drying

What kind of damage results from dehydration of a frozen breaded chicken patty due to extreme cold?

Freezer burn

Which of the following foods would you expect to empty from the stomach most quickly? French fries Oatmeal Fruit juice Scrambled eggs

Fruit juice

The hormone released by gastric cells in response to food in the stomach is _____.

Gastrin

Which additive derived from collagen might be used in a frozen dessert as a stabilizer, thickener, and texturizer?

Gelatin

Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones has the effect of increasing appetite?

Ghrelin

Which is an example of a food preserved by lowering the water activity of the food by adding a solute? -Canned corn -Sun-dried tomatoes -Frozen peas -Grape jelly

Grape jelly

Which of the following is the best example of a statement that reflects the components expected of an objective? -Students enrolled in basic nutrition will score passing grades on all class quizzes this semester if they study prior to taking each quiz. -Given the appropriate recipe, the cook will know how to prepare the quantity of beef stroganoff needed to serve 100 people within 24 hours. -Individuals with diabetes will like the foods that they sample in their class for new diabetics. -After watching the video, the tray line workers will portion foods carefully.

Given the appropriate recipe, the cook will know how to prepare the quantity of beef stroganoff needed to serve 100 people within 24 hours

Which of the following glucose-lowering medications would require patient education about treatment of hypoglycemia? -Metformin (Glucophage) -Sitagliptin (Januvia) -Pioglitazone (Actos) -Glimepiride (Amaryl)

Glimepiride (Amaryl)

In order to absorb folate consumed from green, leafy vegetables, _______.

Glutamic acid molecules must be removed

Which of the following is classified as a nonessential amino acid? Valine Lysine Glycine Threonine

Glycine

Which of the following is not a sugar alcohol? Sorbitol Xylitol Mannitol Glycogen

Glycogen

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) involves grading evidence to support clinical guidelines and guide practice recommendations. Which of the following statements is valid regarding the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' system? -Grade I indicates strong evidence to support a recommendation. -Grade I indicates minimal evidence to support a recommendation. -Grade I indicates expert opinion to support a recommendation. -Grade I indicates fair evidence to support a recommendation.

Grade I indicates strong evidence to support a recommendation

Which of the following foods is considered a whole grains and meets the NSLP standards for whole grain?

Graham flour

What financial information is obtained by subtracting cost of goods sold from total sales in a given period?

Gross profit

The most influential perception factor in a person's selection of a particular food is

Gustatory (taste)

To characterize the principles of motion economy, what term should be added to the following list: simultaneous, symmetrical, natural, rhythmic? -Habitual -Intermittent -Minimize -Idle

Habitual (The principles of motion economy, suggestions to improve the manual work in manufacturing and reduce fatigue and unnecessary movements by worker, use human body motion patterns that should be developed for rhythmic and habitual performance)

Which of the following situations reduces a manager's span of control? -Managing less complicated work -Having a greater geographical dispersion of workers -Receiving expert advice from colleagues or superiors -Using clear and comprehensive policies

Having a greater geographical dispersion of workers

Which of the following has been listed as an essential element in the provision of culturally competent community nutrition programming? -Standardizing service delivery on the basis of an understanding of cultural diversity -Having institutionalized cultural knowledge -Minimizing the unplanned interactions of people from different cultures -Having the capacity to avoid self-assessing the cultural diversity of others

Having institutionalized cultural knowledge (Infusing cultural competence at every level includes providing competent community nutrition programs and involves having institutionalized cultural knowledge. Standardizing delivery of service, avoiding self-assessment, and minimizing interactions may be exclusive to some groups and do not contribute to being culturally competent. These are more likely to overlook some cultural differences that may exist in a diverse community population.)

Oxidative rancidity occurs in foods that have a:

High unsaturated fatty acid content

Which of the following is a characteristic typically associated with the discussion method of teaching? -Helps learners master higher-level cognitive objectives -Appeals to several of the learner's senses simultaneously -Works well for accomplishing objectives in the psychomotor domain -Provides the instructor with more control of the teaching--learning situation than most other methods

Helps learners master higher-level cognitive objectives

The FDA would issue a class I recall for: -hot dogs contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. -a product that contained canola oil rather than olive oil as stated on the label. -cornflakes mislabeled as having 16 net ounces when in fact the package contained only 14 net ounces. -strawberry jam that had only 35% fruit.

Hot dogs contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes

When considering cow's milk versus human breastmilk, which of the following is true? -Human milk contains less protein. -Human milk provides more calcium. -Cow's milk provides less potassium and sodium. -Cow's milk contains a lower proportion of casein compared to whey protein.

Human milk contains less protein

Which of the following sets of resources is a core concept of management principles? -Human, physical, financial -Human, emotional, financial -Financial, authoritative, physical -Physical, authoritative, financial

Human, physical, financial

This is caused by an excess of insulin and/or lack of food (CHOs) leading to low blood sugar.

Hypoglycemia

One part of the brain that is critical to regulating hunger and satiety is the:

Hypothalamus

The first step in conducting a community needs assessment is to:

Identify the target population and nutrition problem of concern

In which of the following circumstances does a product that was previously exempt from bearing a nutrition facts label lose this exemption? -If the package design changes -If a nutrition claim is made -If the food is now given free to consumers or donated -If the product provides no significant nutritional benefits

If a nutrition claim is made

What should you do when a food item is not at proper temperature when it is brought to the service line?

If it has been less than 2 hours since it was prepared, reheat it to the proper temperature.

If the community nutritionist is concerned that the new educational activities provided for SNAP recipients have been ineffective in increasing the amount of fresh vegetables consumed, the best approach would be to conduct which type of evaluation?

Impact

Which of the following is completed as part of the third step in the Nutrition Care Process? -Identifying whether or not intake is inadequate or excessive compared to actual or estimated needs. -Assessing nutrition problems that relate to medical or physical conditions. -Interpreting lab data and tests. -Implementing appropriate nutrition interventions that are tailored to the patient/client's needs.

Implementing appropriate nutrition interventions that are tailored to the patient/client's needs

The usual purpose of summative evaluation is to _____.

Improve the program's delivery and effectiveness

The best way to address the mortality rate associated with low-birthweight and preterm infants is by:

Improving the birthweight of newborn infants

For Chinese Americans, challenges to dietary compliance typically include which of the following? -Inability to control portion sizes -Reliance on non-nutritive herbs for flavor and color -Size of portions is dictated by status in the family and community -Frequent fasting in association with religious holidays

Inability to control portion sizes

A research articles describes the risk of developing obesity among African-American youth in County A over 5 years. This is an example of a(n) ____ rate.

Incidence

The objectives of a patient-centered counseling for dietary change are to increase awareness of diet-related risks, provide nutrition knowledge, enhance skills to promote long-term changes in intake, and _____.

Increase confidence for making dietary changes

The implementation of more liberal food choices in the menu planning process for long-term-care (LTC) settings has been associated with which of the following? -Increased risk for obesity among LTC residents -Increased nutrient and fluid intake among LTC residents -Reduced nutrient and fluid intake among LTC residents -Reduced customer satisfaction

Increased nutrient and fluid intake among LTC residents

As the time span and/or distance between the finishing point of food production and service to the customer increases, the needs and costs associated with distribution systems and equipment for successful service to the customer:

Increases

The variable that is manipulated in an experimental research study is the -dependent variable. -independent variable. -population variable. -individual variable.

Independent variable

The Standards of Practice are structured to include the Standards, Rationales, Examples of Outcomes, and _____.

Indicators

In the Campinha-Bacote Model, cultural competence originates in the ____

Individual

The dominant force in how a patient views health care is likely to be ______.

Individual experience

Which one of the following is NOT included in the statin benefit group according to the 2013 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults? -Individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) elevations > 190 mg/dL -Individuals 40 to 75 years of age with diabetes and LDL-C between 70 and 189 mg/dL -Individuals with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) -Individuals without ASCVD, diabetes mellitus between the ages of 40 and 75 and who have a 10-year risk of 5.5%

Individuals without ASCVD, diabetes mellitus between the ages of 40 and 75 and who have a 10-year risk of 5.5%

Which of the following statements is accurate concerning fruit juice? -Intake of juice should be limited to 4 to 6 oz per day for children 1 to 6 years of age. -Juice may be introduced at 4 months of age. -Juice should be given in the bedtime bottle to help infants sleep all night. -It is safe to give young children unpasteurized juice.

Intake of juice should be limited to 4 to 6 oz per day for children 1 to 6 years of age

What characteristic is KEY to an efficient and effective system?

Interdependency of parts

Which of the following characteristics is key to an efficient and effective system? -Continuous response and adaptation to the system -Flow of resources -Interdependency of parts -Achievement of subunit objectives

Interdependency of parts

To calculate food costs for a specific month, managers would add the costs of purchases to the value of the _____ at the beginning of the month and then subtract the value of the ____ at the end of the month.

Inventory, inventory

The hydrolysis of sucrose with an acid to form a mixture that has equal amounts of fructose and glucose is known as

Inversion

Currently, which of the following nutrients is determined to be the most deficient among children and adolescents in the US? Calcium Fiber Vitamin A Iron

Iron

When introducing infants to solid food, which of the following is recommended to be given first? -Iron-fortified rice cereal -Iron-fortified oatmeal cereal -Iron-fortified wheat cereal -Pureed meats

Iron-fortified rice cereal

What describes the term "validity"?

It indicates whether we are measuring what we intend to measure

Choose the statement that best describes the function of copper: -It is involved in taste perception. -It is a component of the thyroid hormone. -It is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin. -It enhances insulin activity.

It is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a cohort study? -It is difficult to define characteristics of the participants. -It is difficult, if not impossible, to validate data. -It is rarely possible to study the mechanism of a disease. -Incidence rates among participants cannot be calculated.

It is rarely possible to study the mechanism of a disease.

What organization created standards for cultural competence that resulted in the 2014 publication of a monograph to inspire hospitals to integrate cultural competence as well as other patient- and family-centered care concepts?

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations

What name is given to the purchasing method that involves purchasing products as needed for production and immediate consumption without having to store and record products in inventory?

Just-in-time

Which of the following does not provide a significant source of vitamin D? Egg yolk Kale Sardines Fortified milk

Kale

Which management theory identified three managerial skills essential to successful management: technical, human, and conceptual?

Katz's Skill Manangement

Which "leadership powers" appear to be the most important for compliance

Legitimate, expert

Which of the following statements is true regarding the potential benefits of dietary fiber? Lowers LDL cholesterol levels Reduces postprandial blood glucose levels Increases gastric emptying Both A and B

Lowers LDL cholesterol Reduces postprandial blood glucose levels

Regarding food-drug interactions, which food-drug combination requires client counseling? -Warfarin and vitamin D-containing foods -MAO inhibitors and tyramine-containing foods -Prednisone and grapefruit juice -Sibutramine and vitamin C-containing foods

MAO inhibitors and tyramine-containing foods

Which nutrient signals muscles to relax and contract, may help maintain immune response, and promotes normal blood pressure?

Magnesium

What best describes the "A" component of the PDSA performance improvement model?

Maintain and continue improvement

Which approach would be most appropriate for a manager to take when initiating several complex, stressful, and simultaneous changes within a short period of time? -Consult with individual employees and use autocratic management for change. -Consult with the entire group of employees. Determine options for change. Conduct a vote and use the highest-ranking option as the approach for change. -Make all decisions with available information and use autocratic management for change. -Discuss several predetermined options for change with the entire group of employees. Conduct a vote and use the highest-ranking option as the approach for change.

Make all decisions with available information and use autocratic management for change

What term is used to describe determination of whether to produce the product or buy it prepared?

Make-or-buy decision

Which of the following is true of dietetics management? -Management is more critical in foodservice than in clinical areas of dietetics. -The salaries of dietitians tend to be lower when they manage budgets and personnel. -The manager's job is to see the organization as it is. -Management principles transcend disciplines and practice areas.

Management principles transcend disciplines and practice areas

All of the following are examples of foam EXCEPT for -mayonnaise -latte -meringue -angel food cake

Mayonnaise

The USDA performs quantitative (yield) grading only for

Meat

In a foodservice operation, which of the following is the most critical point of control? -Menu -Overtime -Quality -Spoilage

Menu

What drives kitchen layout, staffing, and inventory?

Menu

When determining presentation of items on a printed menu, considerations are taken for their position on the menu. Items you wish to sell more of should be placed so that they are the first and/or last thing a customer sees. This positioning strategy is the science of

Menu psychology

Excessive intake of phytates and oxalates can interfere with the absorption of:

Minerals

A manager performs in a decisional role when committing an organization to a specific course of action or strategy. Whose management theory is this an example of?

Mintzberg's Management Roles (Mintzberg's Management Roles argued there are 10 primary roles that can be used to categorize a manager's different functions to accomplish work and use skills)

The sentence "We will produce nutritious, high-quality food that meets our customers' needs for service within 30 minutes" is a

Mission statement

Which flavor enhancer from seaweed might be included in a recipe to prove "umami"?

Monosodium glutamate

Irradiation of meat cause _____

Most harmful bacteria to be killed

Which of the following is NOT an element of the chronic care model (CCM)? -Self-management support -The community -Clinical information systems -Motivation

Motivation

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Mouth

When baking muffins, which of the following is most likely to have a deeper brown crust? -Muffin made with baking powder and solid sugar -Muffin made with baking soda and solid sugar -Muffin made with baking soda, buttermilk, and solid sugar -Muffin made with baking powder and liquid sugar

Muffin made with baking soda and solid sugar

Which of the following is NOT a main component of continuous quality improvement (CQI)? -Customer satisfaction -Data collection -Team involvement -Multidisciplinary rounds

Multidisciplinary rounds

What is the result of adding baking soda to green peas?

Mushy texture (adding an alkali will cause vegetables to soften faster)

What organization creates national standards for foodservice equipment?

NSF

Julia is a 10yo with ADHD who takes Adderall. Her BMI-for-age is less than the 5th percentile. The most appropriate nutrition intervention for her is to:

Offer a high-calorie bedtime snack

In 2013, changes were made to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) that have resulted in RDN's needing to modify the way that they conduct business to remain compliant. These changes are collectively known as the

Omnibus Rule

Which of the following types of adolescents is at greatest nutritional risk? -One who drinks water rather than juice -One who consumes more than three servings of fruit per day -One who has irregular eating patterns -One who consumes fast food three or more times per week

One who consumes fast food three or more times per week

Your patient complains of malodorous ileostomy and frequently eats each of the following foods. Which food would you advise that he limit? -Yogurt -Onions -Banana -Peanut butter

Onions

Which of the following phrases is the best example of how an RD should reiterate to the client information about his or her dietary intake of calcium? -"The amount of calcium you eat is low." -"Your dietary intake of calcium increases your risk for developing osteoporosis." -"You eat one serving of a calcium-rich food each day and the experts tell us to eat three." -"People who eat one serving of a calcium-rich food each day are at an increased risk for osteoporosis."

People who eat one serving of calcium-rich food each day are at an increased risk for osteoporosis

What is the name of the digestive enzyme found in gastric juice that catalyzes the breakdown of protein to peptides?

Pepsin

Which enteral feeding access device will deliver nutrition past the ligament of Treitz?

Percutaneous jejunostomy (The ligament of Treitz ligament marks the separation of the duodenum and jejunum.)

The Standards of Professional ________ for dietetics professionals describes in general terms a competent level of behavior in a professional role

Performance

____ should be up to date and reinforced with strong supervision.

Personnel policies

____________ must be up to date and reflect consistent expectations.

Personnel policies

The chlorophyll in spinach degrades to an olive-brown compound known as ______ during the canning process.

Pheophytin

Which inventory record is usually taken at the end of the month by counting and recording products in stock in all storage areas?

Physical

Stacey has been asked to complete a formative evaluation of her community nutrition program designed to encourage more first-time mothers to breastfeed. To do this she should: -determine the percentage of first-time mothers who breastfeed as a result of seeing a motivational DVD during prenatal checkups. -calculate the increase in the number of first-time mothers who breastfeed after viewing a motivational DVD during prenatal checkups. -choose a DVD that includes young mothers from varied ethnic backgrounds. -pilot-test the motivational DVD she plans to use.

Pilot-test the motivational DVD she plans to use

Which of the following is an appropriate method to prevent aspiration during enteral feeding? -Use a fiber-containing formula -Elevate the head of the bed >15° -Place a percutaneous gastrostomy -Place a nasojejunal tube

Place a nasojejunal tube

Comprehensive menu planning is a data-supported process. A reliable quantitative method of assessing menu item acceptability is:

Plate waste

Cultural competence has been described as a set of congruent attitudes, behaviors, and ______.

Policies

A foodservice facility posted signs indicating that all employees must wash hands before returning to the production area after a break. This is referred to as a

Policy

What is a general guide to organizational behavior developed by top-level management?

Policy

Which of the following is true of Mexican-American culture? -In general, it is better to ask questions about work than about family. -It is generally preferable to address elders and leaders informally. -Nodding affirmatively usually means agreement. -Polite, agreeable, and respectful interactions are the cornerstone of the culture.

Polite, agreeable, and respectful interactions are the cornerstone of the culture

Table salt is fortified with this nutritive additive to help prevent goiter

Potassium iodide

A patient with a new diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia has been referred to the dietetics practitioner. She did not know she was anemic; however, she admits to feeling tired lately. At which stage of change is this person?

Precontemplative

A research article describes the number of new and existing cases of obesity in the US in 2001. This number is the ____ of obesity.

Prevalence

The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) enables the FDA to better protect public health because it allows FDA to now focus more on:

Preventing food safety problems

A community RDN develops an educational and awareness program to teach employees of a local industry to reduce the sodium in their diets. This is an example of

Primary prevention

Dietetic students finishing supervised practice should be able to utilize food and nutrition management systems, work with electronic health records, and: -prescribe TPN formulas. -create organizational mission statements. -generate appropriate statistical analyses. -print client educational materials.

Print client educational materials

In the Nutrition Care Process, the Nutrition Diagnoses should be _____during Nutrition Intervention.

Prioritized

What name is given to the chronological sequence of activities to carry out organizational behavior?

Procedure

Canned corn has more sodium and less potassium than fresh corn as a result of:

Processing

Yogurt manufacturers have branched out into Greek yogurt, high-fiber yogurt, bacteria-enhanced yogurt, and more because they believe customers prefer yogurt products. By doing so, which of the following marketing concepts are these manufactures applying? -Product -Selling -Manufacturing -Societal

Product

In conducting a value analysis, the production manager should bear in mind that all the following are true EXCEPT: -price is only one factor to be considered. -standards of quality vary. -product improvements are always cost effective. -many factors can affect value.

Product improvements are always cost effective

What elements comprise the marketing mix?

Product, price, promotion, place

What is the FDA's definition of "gluten free"?

Products containing less than 20 ppm of gluten

The Standards of Professional Performance for dietetics practitioners includes which of the following? Professional accountability Nutritional intervention Nutrition monitoring and evaluation Nutrition diagnosis

Professional Accountability

Which of the following techniques offer the least constructive information to someone being disciplined? -Providing advice -Focusing on behavior -Providing alternatives -Focusing on observations

Providing advice

The nutritionist employed by the local county wants her nutrition objectives for the next 5-7 years to reflect the goals of Healthy People 2020. Which of her goals listed below most closely reflects the goals of Healthy People 2020? -Reduce among residents the severity of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. -Promote, across every stage of life, healthy behaviors that positively affect the nutritional status of residents. -Improve the nutrition of residents by eliminating disparities in treatment plans. -Eliminate social and physical environments that threaten the nutrition of residents.

Promote, across every stage of life, healthy behaviors that positively affect the nutritional status of residents

The purpose of registration for dietitians and dietetic technicians is to _____.

Protect the nutritional health, safety, and welfare of the public

Heat applied to a food will denature which of the food's components?

Proteins

If the tool that the dietitian is using to measure food intake is reliable, it means that the tool ______.

Provides consistent and accurate results each time it is used

Which of the following statements best defines the USDA quality grading system? -All meat and poultry must meet strict quality standards to be sold in the US marketplace. -Quality grading of meat and poultry is a voluntary process. -Quality grading and inspection for wholesomeness are both mandatory for meat to enter into the marketplace. -Quality grading is a free service provided by the USDA.

Quality grading of meat and poultry is a voluntary process

Which of the following flooring materials would be best suited for high-traffic cooking areas? -Ceramic tiles -Quarry tiles -Concrete -Rubber

Quarry tiles

Which of the following are appropriate for your patient with celiac disease to eat: -Quinoa and tapioca -Couscous and corn -Oatmeal and buckwheat -None of the above

Quinoa and tapioca

All of the following statements about the intensive behavioral therapy benefit for obese Medicare Part B beneficiaries are true, EXCEPT: -coverage for the benefit is granted only in the primary care setting. -in order to qualify, the beneficiary's BMI must be >30. -Continued treatment for obesity is contingent on weight loss assessed at the seventh month of treatment. -RDNs may provide the service and bill Medicare using a unique physician identification number.

RDNs may provide the service and bill Medicare using a unique physician identification number

Which of the following is more characteristic of quantitative research than of qualitative research? -Nonstatistical analysis -Random sampling -Smaller sample size -Context-rich data

Random sampling

What type of study has the potential to prove cause and effect?

Randomized controlled trial

Which of the following study design types is characterized as "the most powerful design for evaluating practices and medical treatments"? -Qualitative research -Prospective studies -Randomized trials -Cohort studies

Randomized trials

Which of the following is a true statement regarding organic foods? -Raw or processed agricultural products in the organic category may contain up to 5% non-organic ingredients allowed per the National List. -Some operations are exempt from certification, including organic farmers who sell organic foods or crops worth $10,000 or less. -Raw or processed agricultural products in the "100% organic" category must contain ingredients that are at least 90% certified organic. -A product labeled as "MADE WITH" organic may use the USDA organic seal if no more than three ingredients are not certified.

Raw or processed agricultural products in the organic category may contain up to 5% non-organic ingredients allowed per the National List

Which of the following verbs if the best choice when writing a performance objective? Know Appreciate Recommend Understand

Recommend

This occurs 2 to 5 hours after eating and is caused by the overstimulation of the pancreas or increased insulin sensitivity, leading to low blood sugar.

Reactive hypoglycemia

A medical center produces and chills menu items until heated for serving. What name is given to this type of foodservice operation?

Ready prepared

What type of foodservice operation is sous vide?

Ready prepared (Sous vide is classified as ready serve because it involves chilling and sometimes freezing menu items)

When food is produced onsite, held chilled or frozen, reheated, and served to customers on site, this is what type of foodservice system?

Ready-prepared meal production

A registered dietitian who is responsible for procuring food and non-food dietary supplies performs what activities?

Receiving, purchasing, inventory control, storage

Which set of dietary intake values establishes a goal for dietary intake that will meet the needs of nearly all healthy people?

Recommended Dietary Intake

What reflects long-term folate status?

Red blood cell folate

The reaction 1/2 O2 + 2e- + 2H+ --> H2O represents:

Reduction

Daily values are nutrient standards derived from the Daily Reference Values and the

Reference Daily Intakes

Which one of the following foods should be avoided in treatment of gout? -Low-fat yogurt -Rye bread -Banana -Regular soft drinks

Regular soft drinks

The foodservice manager has completed instructing new hires regarding the safe handling of knives. During the session, the manager talked about how to use knives responsibly, determined what the new hires already knew about knife safety, demonstrated how to handle knives safely, and encouraged questions. What else should the manager have included so that all four steps in "How to Instruct" were covered?

Requiring the new hires to explain key points while handling knives

What is the first document used in the purchasing process?

Requisition (an internal form used by a FSM to request items from the purchasing manager or department within his or her facility. Then the purchasing manager will write up a purchase order and give it to the supplier, who supplies the foods and invoices the purchasing manager for the shipment)

Systems thinking is the management approach to considering the entire organization when making decisions or allocating resources. Which is an example of systems thinking? -Select a produce vendor who could deliver high-quality produce twice daily. -Reschedule kitchen staff to prepare more foods from scratch to meet customer expectations. -Develop a catering menu for department meetings to generate revenue for equipment purchases. -Select cleaning chemicals that do not harm the environment.

Reschedule kitchen staff to prepare more foods from scratch to meet customer expectations

Which of the following actions would likely be the result of systems thinking? -Select a produce vendor who could deliver high-quality produce twice daily. -Reschedule kitchen staff to prepare more foods from scratch to meet customer expectations. -Develop a catering menu for department meetings to generate revenue for equipment purchases. -Select cleaning chemicals that do not harm the environment.

Reschedule kitchen staff to prepare more foods from scratch to meet customer expectations

Which of the following foods is the best source of omega-3 fatty acids? Olive oil Shrimp Avocado Sardines

Sardines

Which of the following is NOT a source of bias in a clinical trial? Selection bias Assessment bias Statistical bias Response bias

Response bias

A client's estimated energy needs should be based on: resting metabolic rate. basal metabolism. physical activity level. body composition.

Resting metabolic rate

Leading questions are thought to be inappropriate because they ______.

Reveal the bias of the interviewer

What describes the "A" component of the FADE performance improvement model?

Review data to better understand the current process

Which of the following foods is not a common pediatric allergen? Cow's milk Rice Wheat Peanuts

Rice

Which grouping of established USDA standards contains the correct relationship? -Round inspection stamp, wholesomeness, mandatory process -Grade shield, quality, mandatory process -Round inspection stamp, quality, voluntary process -Grade shield, wholesomeness, voluntary process

Round inspection stamp, wholesomeness, mandary process

This specifies action by stating what must or must not be done

Rule

According to the Joint Commission, which of the following is fundamental to cost-effective performance improvement? -Safety -Professional expertise -Technology -Employee motivation

Safety

Which of the following fats/oils have the highest smoke point, making it ideal for high heat cooking? Peanut oil Olive oil Shortening Safflower oil

Safflower Oil

A foodborne illness often associated with poultry and egg products that has an onset of 6 to 48 hours and causes abdominal pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea is:

Salmonella

Freezing is both a simple and successful method of food preservation. To ensure high-quality results, it is recommended to keep salt content of prepared foods to a minimum. The reason for this is:

Salt accelerates rancidity of fats within the food (and loss of flavor)

After defining the nutrition problem, which of the following is the correct sequence of steps a community nutritionist should follow in assessing the needs of the community? -Set the parameters of the assessment, collect data, analyze and interpret the data, share the findings, and set priorities. -Set priorities, collect data, set the parameters of the assessment, analyze and interpret the data, and share the findings. -Choose a plan of action, collect data, set the parameters of the assessment, share the findings, and analyze and interpret the data. -Collect data, analyze and interpret the data, set the parameters, share the findings, and set the priorities.

Set the parameters of the assessment, collect data, analyze and interpret the data, share the findings, and set priorities

A key factor in reaching populations with low literacy is _____.

Simplicity

An employee finds the job tasks to be too demanding. To enhance the employee's performance, which of the following solutions should a manager consider first? -Provide assistance, equipment, and raw materials as deemed appropriate -Simplify tasks, lessen the work load, and reduce time pressures -Provide guidance concerning expected goals and standards -Redesign the job to match the employee's needs

Simplify tasks, lessen the work load, and reduce time pressures

Cultural ____ is the ability to collect culturally relevant information from clients and perform culturally based assessments and interventions.

Skill

What food processing method has been linked to cancer in lab animals?

Smoke curing

A continuous and systematic process in which decisions are made about intended future outcomes, and how success is measured and evaluated is known as:

Strategic planning

What type of skill must develop within and be nurtured in both the personal and professional life of a manager?

Soft

Which foods should not be consumed by people with compromised immune systems? Eggs cooked to 165°F Pasteurized cider Rare steak Soft cheeses such as feta or brie

Soft cheeses such as feta or brie

Which of the following foods is most appropriate for a level 2 dysphagia, mechanically altered diet? -Soft pancakes with extra syrup -Pineapple -Licorice candy -Sausage

Soft pancakes with extra syrup (foods included in a dysphagia level 2 diet should be minced or chopped into very small pieces)

Which additive would add sweetness, act as a stabilizer and thickener, and retain moistness in a muffin? Sorbitol Sodium acetate Sodium bicarbonate Saccharin

Sorbitol

Which fat would be most susceptible to flavor reversion due to oxidative rancidity? Butter fat Coconut oil Soybean oil Olive oil

Soybean oil (oxidation primarily occurs with unsat fats)

When counseling patients diagnosed with celiac disease, which of the following would you recommend they avoid? -Hominy grits -Sherbet -Special K -Fresh ground beef

Special K

Which of the following is a technical specification? -Outlets are to be 120 volt, 15 amperes -Stainless steel, 18 gauge -Maximum RMM = 1550 -KitchenAid mixer, model #KUDP230BO

Stainless steel, 18 gauge (technical specifications indicate quality by objective test result. Metals, such as stainless steel and aluminum, can be measured by gauges to determine thickness)

What does the NCP provide to facilitate more effective comparison of nutrition assessment findings?

Standardized language

In the systems model, transformation depends on the requirements of the functional subsystems. Which resource would be most important for the distribution and service subsystem of a school cafeteria? -Steam table -Storeroom -School nutrition staff -Vendor delivery schedule

Steam table (functional subsystems are classified according to their purpose and may include procurement, production, distribution and service, and sanitation and maintenance. Distribution and service subsystems of the cafeteria include steam table because storeroom and delivery do not fit that subsystem)

What is the best tool for the community nutritionist to use to learn what locally grown foods residents consume most frequently?

Survey

Consider the following statement from a patient during a nutrition consult: "I really want to improve my lunch choices by packing my own lunch, but I'm afraid I'll miss the social time with my coworkers." In the setting of motivational interviewing, this is an example of:

Sustain talk

The astringent taste of fruits and vegetables is a result of what component?

Tannin

Which management theory analyzes and synthesizes workflows, with the main objective being to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity?

Taylor's Scientific Management

In a taste test evaluation, which of the following foods would have a notable "astringency" as part of its flavor profile? -Lemons -Grapefruit -Tea -Coffee

Tea (Astringency is a taste sensation that is most often associated with the tannins in foods. It should not be confused with bitter taste, which you may taste in coffee, or sour taste like in lemons and grapefruit. Astringency has a puckering and dry sensation in the mouth and found in tea, wine, chocolates, and certain fruits - most notably underripe fruit)

When working with disabled adults, it is suggested that the dietetic professional ______.

Teach rather than test

The inventory turnover rate for four establishments are as follows: The Green Cafe = 2, The Red Cafe = 4, the Blue Cafe = 6, and The Yellow Cafe = 3. Based on what you know about inventory turnover rate, which of these establishments is most likely to use a just-in time purchasing system.

The Blue Cafe (The higher the inventory turnover rate, the less product held in storage and the more often deliveries are made to meet production needs. Just-in-time purchasing relies on minimum inventory and will therefore have a higher inventory turnover rate.)

Which of the following must be included on the program evaluation review technique (PERT) chart? -The amount of time needed to complete an activity -The total cost associated with each activity -The impact on labor cost if the project is delayed -The degree of acceptance by consumers

The amount of time needed to complete an activity

The Academy has published Standards of Practice (SOP) in Nutrition Care and Standards of Professional Performance (SOPP) for registered dietitian nutritionists and nutrition and dietetic technicians, registered. What is the difference between these two sets of standards?

The SOP in Nutrition Care are based on the four steps of the Nutrition Care Process and the SOPP are based on the six domains of professionalism

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC)? -The CAC is funded by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). -The CAC develops international standards and codes to protect consumers. -The United States is required by international law to abide by Codex standards. -The Codex has a standard for labeling of prepackaged foods.

The United States is required by international law to abide by Codex standards

During a review of customer feedback cards, Jill Simmons, RDN, noted a pattern of dissatisfaction with the consistency of the quality of the beef stew. She also noted a correlation to production data that reported running short of the beef stew during service. The most likely cause for these two problems would be:

The cooks are not using the standardized recipe

Conflict between nursing personnel and food and nutrition personnel over responsibility of patient tray service occurs because: -the two subsystems are not on the same level of hospital hierarchy. -systems boundaries have been crossed. -dynamic equilibrium of the system has not been established. -the interface between subsystems is often marked by tension.

The interface between subsystems is often marked by tension

A foodservice director using a systems approach to evaluate the effect of a new tray delivery service on the dishroom and nurses' stations is considering: -the internal and external environments. -equifinality of the system. -dynamic equilibrium of the system. -managerial feedback.

The internal and external environments

Upon quarterly audit, the accountant found an error: The beginning inventory for the month of January was overstated. How would this effect the cost of goods sold and net income for the month of January?

The cost of goods sold for January would be more than it actually was, and the net income would be less than it actually was

Dietetics professionals may apply basic educational principles to program design. Which of the following is the best example of the application of consonance? -Even though the basics of a heart-healthy meal plan are being explained in a group setting, each participant is given the opportunity to have personal questions answered. -The successes that clients have had when following a reduced-sodium meal pattern are rewarded by the dietetics professional who gives away samples of salt-free seasoning packets. -The dietetics professional explains and demonstrates proper procedures for portioning hot entrees for the tray line. -The professional provides clients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus a way of monitoring the progress they are making with regard to controlling blood sugar levels.

The dietetics professional explains demonstrates proper procedures for portioning hot entrees for the tray line. (Consonance is the fit between the program and the expected outcomes based on the objectives.)

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation? -"The amount of weight gained by pregnant women during the first trimester has been found to decrease as the number of episodes of nausea and vomiting increase." -"The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases as central adiposity increases." -"Consuming calories in excess of those needed results in an increase in generalized adiposity." -"Blood pressure in certain genetic groups appears to decrease as the consumption of dietary sodium is reduced."

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases as central adiposity increases

Which of the following statements about patient-centered medical homes (PCMH) is true? -The cost for chronic care remains constant -Traditional medical records are essential. -Patients are responsible for access to care. -The team of providers changes as the health care needs differ.

The team of providers changes as the health care needs differ

Which of the following is true regarding illness from seafood toxins like scombroid and ciguatera food poisoning? -The toxin is easily destroyed by proper cooking and freezing. -Good hand washing practices can prevent illness. -The toxin is not destroyed by proper cooking and freezing. -Cross-contamination is the major cause of the illness.

The toxin is not destroyed by proper cooking and freezing

Ellen is a clinical nutrition manager at a hospital. She believes her employees love to work as clinical dietitians, will constantly learn new things, and will continue to work more efficiently as a team. Which theory describes the type of attitude Ellen has?

Theory Y

Which of the following is true of the Academy's Standards of Practice in Nutrition Care? -They are common to all registered dietetics professionals. -They are supported by data contained in the Academy's Evidence Analysis Library. -They evolved following the granting of Medicare Medical Nutrition Therapy Benefit Provider Status to RDNs. -They evolved independently of the Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics core educational competencies.

They evolved following the granting of Medicare Medical Nutrition Therapy Benefit Provide Status to RDNs

Which of the following would be an appropriate response for the nutrition professional using reflective listening to provide a client who states: "I don't have time to prepare healthy meals at home"? -"There must be many demands on your time at home." -"There are many time-saving shortcuts that I can share with you to help ease the time crunch." -"Everyone is busy, but preparing healthy meals should be a priority for you." -"That is true for me too, but I know it is important so I try."

There must be many demands on your time at home

Which of the following is true of additives categorized as GRAS? -They are generally recognized, among qualified experts, as having been adequately shown to be safe under the conditions of its intended use -An ingredient approved as GRAS for one use is considered GRAS for all uses. -Typically, an ingredient used to impart color is classified as GRAS. -Establishment of GRAS additives is the prerogative of the FTC.

They are generally recognized, among qualified experts, as having been adequately shown to be safe under the conditions of its intended use

During a hospital employee inservice training session, health care professionals are given instructions on the diabetic diet. The inservice materials briefly cover the types of diabetic meal plans available, how to order different diabetic diets, and how to make a registered dietitian referral. What would a situational assessment tell you about the experience level of this audience?

They are moderately experienced

According to McGregor's theory X, most employees must be controlled, directed, and coerced, because:

They have little ambition, dislike work, are irresponsible, and will avoid work if possible

Which nutrient is responsible for the metabolism of pyruvate to generate energy in the TCA cycle?

Thiamin

Which vitamin contributes to maintaining mental function and helps regulate metabolism?

Thiamin

Which of the following micronutrients should be supplemented in a patient with history of alcoholism? Thiamin and folic acid Folic acid and magnesium Calcium and thiamin Calcium and magnesium

Thiamin and folic acid

Which category of oral hyperglycemic medication would NOT be appropriate for a client with congestive heart failure?

Thiazolidinediones (can worsen CHF and promote weight gain/edema)

The facility is planning a kitchen upgrade and the chef requests a number of pieces of equipment that would best allow for flexibility in menu item preparation methods. Soups, stews, and pasta dishes are very popular menu items. The concern is that there is limited space to work with. Which of the following pieces of equipment would best serve the facility in terms of functionality and space?

Tilting skillet

If a food manufacturer wanted to include an additive to color the glaze white, what would be the best option?

Titanium dioxide

Which of the following is an example of a climacteric fruit? Grapefruit Melons Pineapple Tomato

Tomato (Climacteric fruit continue to ripen post-harvest. Examples of climacteric fruit include tomatoes, pears, peaches, bananas, apricots, and apples.)

What is the intended purpose of Healthy People 2020? -To guide the efforts of health professionals who provide care for individuals with chronic diseases. -To guide the allocation of federal money intended to promote wellness. -To establish a set of national goals and objectives designed to guide health promotion and disease prevention efforts. -To establish nationally approved guidelines for improving food selection behaviors among the population.

To establish a set of national goals and objectives designed to guide health promotion and disease prevention efforts

Which set of dietary intake values is the maximum intake by an individual that is unlikely to pose risks for adverse health effect in a healthy individual in a specific group?

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

When food is prepared and then portioned, reheated, and served to customers on trays, this is what type of foodservice system?

Tray service

Nanotechnology refers to any usage of or technological development at the atomic, molecular, or macromolecular range between 1 and 100 nanometers, True or False?

True

When the diet is adequate in protein, the body can synthesize niacin from which amino acid?

Tryptophan

Which of the following would be an example of a sol? -Balsamic vinaigrette -Egg white meringue on a pie -Turkey gravy -Flan

Turkey gravy (sol is a colloidal dispersion of a solid in a liquid and has flow properties. The egg white meringue is a foam. The flan, which is a baked custard, is a gel and doesn't flow. The vinaigrette is an example of an emulsion)

Phenylalanine is a precursor to which amino acid?

Tyrosine

This agency oversees voluntary inspections and grading of fish and fish products.

US Department of Commerce

What government branch is responsible for yield grades and defining the term "organic" as it relates to farming practices?

USDA

Which agency would certify that a package of potato chips labeled "organic" is, in fact, organic?

USDA

Which government agency is responsible for setting the quality standards for fresh fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy, and eggs?

USDA

Which entity oversees the National School Lunch program?

USDA's Food and Nutrition Services

The management functions of planning, organizing, and staffing are: -linked directly to transformation of inputs to outputs. -used to coordinate subsystems to achieve objectives. -linking processes for communication and decision making. -used to maximize employee satisfaction.

Used to coordinate subsystems to achieve objectives

Sustainability efforts in a foodservice operation include: -using running water for rinsing. -keeping lights on in all foodservice areas. -breaking down cardboard boxes. -using locally grown produce.

Using locally grown produce

What term is used to describe the methodical investigation of all components of an existing product or service with the goal of discovering and eliminating unnecessary costs without interfering with the effectiveness of the product or service?

Value analysis

You are responsible for the purchase of a new nutrient analysis software program. You need to investigate which program will eliminate unnecessary costs while providing the most usefulness. Which type of investigation would be the most appropriate to conduct?

Value analysis

One of the key differences in value analysis and value added is:

Value analysis seeks to reduce costs whereas value added seeks to increase market value

What term is used to describe a process to estimate or quantify positive (or negative) effects of a produce or service?

Value-added research

Which of the following dietary lipids is most heart healthy? Vegetable oil in a squeezable bottle Margarine in a tub Vegetable oil in stick form Whipped margarine

Vegetable oil in a squeezable bottle

A foodservice director who has determined that ready-prepared production will occur in a new foodservice facility being built should then consider which of the following as the next step? -Meeting with equipment manufacturers -Reading trade journal articles for layout and design ideas -Attending seminars and trade shows -Visiting similar facilities to see equipment, workflow, and service

Visiting similar facilities to see equipment, workflor, and service

A pregnant woman should avoid excessive intake of which of the following nutrients? -Vitamin A -Vitamin B-6 -Folic acid -Iron

Vitamin A

Older adults are more vulnerable to toxicity of: -vitamin A -vitamin C -vitamin D -vitamin K

Vitamin A

Which of the following nutrients should a pregnant woman avoid excess of? Vitamin A Vitamin B-6 Folic acid Iron

Vitamin A

Which of the following nutrients is required to be included as a Percent Daily Value on food labels? Vitamin A Potassium Vitamin D Iodine

Vitamin A (Percent Daily Value is required on food labels for total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron.)

After gastric bypass surgery, a patient has an increased risk for deficiency of which of the following? -Vitamin C -Potassium -Vitamin B12 -N-3 fatty acids

Vitamin B12

Breastfed infants of mothers who consumed a vegan diet while pregnant would benefit from supplementation of what micronutrient?

Vitamin B12

Pyridoxine is another name for

Vitamin B6

A patient presents with lesions on his gums and pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. What vitamin is the patient most likely deficient in?

Vitamin C

Which vitamin enhances iron absorption?

Vitamin C

Which set of nutrients and/or food components are associated with the formation of cataracts in older adults?

Vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids (carotenoids are high in oxidants and oxidative stress can cause cataracts)

Rickets is a result of which vitamin deficiency?

Vitamin D

Researchers are investigating the impact of differing levels of vitamin D intake on hemoglobin A1c values among postmenopausal women with diabetes. What is the independent variable?

Vitamin D intake

Which nutrient is most affected by food processing?

Vitamins

Which of the following is a good indicator of central adiposity? Hip circumference Basal metabolic rate Waist circumference Body weight

Waist circumference

Which of the following measures of obesity correlate best with obesity-associated disease risk? BMI Skinfold thickness Abdominal body shape index Waist circumference

Waist circumference

One of the key features of andragogy is that adults ________. -expect learning to be subject-centered -want learning that is relevant to their needs -desire external sources of motivation -learn what others think is important

Want learning that is relevant to their needs

Which of the following would be considered an antecedent in the ABC framework used by behavioral scientists? -Eating an extra-large container of popcorn at the movies -Enjoying the company of others while eating out -Sampling most of the items at a restaurant that serves buffet style -Watching a TV commercial advertising burgers

Watching a TV commercial advertising burgers

Which nutrients are most susceptible to loss in foods?

Water-soluble vitamins

Which of the following is not a risk determinant for metabolic syndrome? -Waist circumference -Blood pressure -Triglycerides -Weight

Weight

Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the concept of weight bias? -Weight bias is more prevalent among registered dietitian nutritionists than mental health workers. -Weight bias is more common than sexual orientation bias. -Weight bias is comparable to racial discrimination. -Weight bias does not exist among registered dietitian nutritionists who often work with obese clients.

Weight bias does not exist among registered dietitian nutritionists who often work with obese clients

If a client exploring readiness for change rates confidence as a "4" and importance as a "10", which of the following questions/comments would lead to the most productive conversation about change? -"Why aren't you more motivated?" -"What can I do to help you?" -"What would need to happen in order for your confidence to increase to a '6'?" -"It's encouraging that the importance rating is so high."

What would need to happen in order for your confidence to increase to a 6?

CDR's Essential Practice Competencies specify what every registered dietitian nutritionist should be able to do ______.

When completing a supervised practice experience

Providing advice and information can be a component of a successful patient interaction. Under what circumstances is it appropriate to provide advice or information? -When you asked for permission from the client or if the client requests it -When you have limited time in your nutrition session -When you have a talkative client and you need to direct the focus of the interview -After you've established rapport and the client is ready to set goals

When you asked for permission from the client or if the client requests it

Imagine a client says, "I don't know if I can eat bananas or watermelon on this diabetic meal plan. I wonder if I need to be using exchanges." What is the best example of a reflective statement/question to ask this client?

You're uncertain about how to choose foods?

Relationship-building skills include a task referred to as "legitimation". Which of the following phrases is the best example of a "legitimation statement"? -"I'm looking forward to working together to resolve this concern." -"Your anger is understandable. Most people would feel angry if they experienced what you did." -"I really admire you for being able to lose weight while maintaining such a hectic work schedule." -"I don't think that I would have been as understanding as you are if I had experienced what you have had happen in your life."

Your anger is understandable. Most people would feel angry if they experienced what you did.

In order to prevent backflow:

an air gap between the faucet and the flood rim of the sink should be created

A menu style that has all components of a meal priced individually is known as:

a la carte

The tricarboxylic cycle begins with the conversion of pyruvate to:

acetyl coA

If a person with type 1 diabetes experiences dramatically low blood glucose and becomes unconscious, the most appropriate action would be to:

administer glucagon and call 911

In order to prevent deterioration by slowing respiration, ____ would be stored in modified-atmosphere packaging

apple slices

The indispensable amino acids are:

arginine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, proline, and tyrosine

How should foods that do not hold well for long periods of time, such as broccoli, be prepared?

batch cooking

The dietetics professional has developed a weight loss program that includes encouraging participants to reward themselves with treats such as new clothes, going to a movie, or spending more time in a favorite pastime after they have lost 5 lbs. The learning behavior theory being applied is:

behavioral

Alcohol metabolism can cause decreased

beta-oxidation

For the needs of infants born prematurely, human milk is deficient in -potassium and phosphorus. -calcium and phosphorus. -sodium and potassium. -calcium and sodium.

calcium and phosphorus

The four most costly foodborne bacteria pathogens are salmonella, e. coli, listeria, and:

campylobacter jejuni

The oils that contain predominantly monounsaturated fatty acids include:

canola oil and olive oil

When reviewing 2 years of serial data on a CDC and Prevention growth chart, a pediatric patient is identified to be at risk on nutritional screening when experiencing a: change in rate of growth. continuation on his or her line of growth. growth spurt. plateau in growth.

change in rate of growth

When preparing most vegetables for freezing, it is imperative that you blanch the vegetable first. The primary purpose of this process is to _____ and improve product _____

deactivate enzymes quality

The five principles of motivational interviewing are: express empathy, avoid arguments, roll with resistance, support self-efficacy, and _____.

develop discrepancy

To honor client autonomy in motivational interviewing, the food and nutrition professional

encourages the client to choose which foods to eat

The first step toward attaining cultural competence is for the dietetics professional to _____.

examine his/her own cultural background

The diet office was excited about having their holiday luncheon at Dominic's, a new Italian restaurant. The menu contained many interesting dishes. Unable to decide who should order which dish, they asked their server for some guidance and she replied, "Not to worry, all of the food will be served on platters for you all to share and pass around the table." The service style at Dominic's is:

family style

The practices and attitudes that influence an individual's food choices are known as:

food habits

Joint Commission standards require that "nutritional assessments are conducted for patients not consistently reaching glucose targets." The intent of this standard is to identify if: -food intake is creating blood glucose levels outside of the established glucose targets. -patients are experiencing frequent episodes of hyperglycemia. -patients are receiving too little enteral nutrition support. -food intake variations are resulting in elevated A1C levels.

food intake is creating blood glucose levels outside of the established glucose targets

A worksite weight management program is being planned for use with small groups of employees. A long-term goal is to reduce health care claims. During a pilot series, participants are asked to rate and comment on the relevance of the visuals, handouts, and activities. Results will be used in revising the program before widespread implementation. This is an example of

formative evaluation

A child who consistently plots at the 5th percentile on the weight-for-length/stature CDC and Prevention growth chart: -demonstrates a negative pattern of growth. -demonstrates failure to thrive. -has a thin body habitus. -reflects a change in growth velocity.

has a thin body habitus

The green radura indicates that a food

has been irradiated to lengthen shelf life (radura is usually green and resembles a plant in a circle)

It would be appropriate to recommend the use of meal replacements for weight loss to a client who: -has no more than 20 pounds to lose. -has difficulty with portion control. -habitually eats late at night. -does not engage in physical activity.

has difficulty with portion control

Encouraging pregnant mothers to attend a seminar on the benefits of breastfeeding and offering supportive counseling post-partum to continue breastfeeding are examples of

health promotion

The CDC and Prevention growth charts are appropriate for: healthy infants. children with cerebral palsy. children with Down syndrome. premature infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth.

healthy infants

When making omelets using induction - the use of electrical magnetic fields to excite the molecules of metal surfaces- you notice

heating is fast, even, and there is no flame

All of the following are criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes, EXCEPT: -fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL. -hemoglobin A1C ≤ 6.5%. -two-hour plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test. -a random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL in a person with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis.

hemoglobin A1C ≤ 6.5%

Name the essential amino acids

histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine

Commercial and onsite foodservice operations share many similarities in their subsystems. However, some characteristics are unique to a type of operation. A commercial buffet restaurant and a school nutrition program are distinguished by:

how food is distributed and served

What is the name of the substance that denatures protein in the stomach during digestion?

hydrochloric acid

The populations that experience the most serious consequences of foodborne illnesses are:

immunocompromised individuals

The two financial statements primarily used by foodservice managers to analyze operational effectiveness are the

income statement and balance sheet

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics defines tertiary prevention related to pediatric overweight interventions as: -overweight prevention efforts that include identifying and intervention efforts targeting children who are at risk for overweight. -education and prevention programs targeting children and adolescents before they are -overweight. -interventions targeting overweight children designed to slow down or reverse the increase in BMI. -None of the above.

interventions targeting overweight children designed to slow down or reverse the increase in BMI

Resilient flooring -is able to withstand shock without cracking or breaking. -is easily damaged by sharp edges. -is curved with a sealed edge that eliminates sharp edges. -is not slippery when wet.

is able to withstand shock without cracking or breaking

The most important, fundamental key when menu planning is

knowing the audience

As the pH of a glass of orange juice decreases, it becomes ______

more acidic

Studies suggest that the most serious and prevalent long-term consequences of childhood overweight is: -dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance. -obesity and morbidity in adulthood. -lowered self-esteem and increased depression as an adolescent. -excessive body weight and hormonal imbalance before puberty leading to growth plate injuries.

obesity and morbidity in adulthood

The premise of the economic order of quality is to achieve cost balance based on what assumptions?

ordering costs decrease at a greater rate as size of the order increases, and holding costs increase in direct relation to the size of the order

Customer and employee satisfaction are both: -functions of management. -linking processes. -environmental factors. -outputs of the foodservice system.

outputs of the foodservice system

Refeeding syndrome is characterized by low serum concentrations of:

phosphorus, potassium, magnesium

One of the primary goals of WIC food supplements is -increasing income for participating grocery stores. -reducing or preventing iron deficiency anemia in infants and children. -providing low-cost lunches to school-age children. -increasing the number of women who get prenatal care.

reducing or preventing iron deficiency anemia in infants and children

When using a nutrient database to calculate nutrient data for a recipe, a "blank" associated with a nutrient generally means:

reliable data have not been collected

A study that looks back in time to reconstruct exposures and the resulting health outcomes for a group of people free of the disease or condition being studied is termed a:

retrospective cohort study

Nutrition informatics includes any function or activity that combines nutrition, information, and:

technology

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has published a number of documents to assist and guide the RDN and NDTR in his or her practice. Included among these practice standards documents are: -the Academy's position and practice papers and nutrition services coverage coding and billing information. -the scope of practice decision tool and the Nutrition Care Manual. -the Academy's Code of Ethics and Scopes of Practice for the RDN and the NDTR. -the Evidence Analysis Library and definition of terms.

the Academy's Code of Ethics and Scopes of Practice for the RDN and the NDTR

The distinction between a franchise quick service restaurant (QSR) located in a shopping mall and the same franchise QSR located in a medical facility is that -the shopping mall QSR is the only one allowed to make a profit. -the medical facility QSR is expected to operate at a loss. -the QSR in the hospital serves a secondary purpose while the QSR in the shopping mall serves as the primary purpose. -the QSR in the shopping mall satisfies a level 1 customer-driven need while the QSR in the hospital does not.

the QSR in the hospital serves a secondary purpose while the QSR in the shopping mall serves as the primary purpose

Carbon footprint, as related to sustainability, is a measure of:

the impact on the environment based on the amount of greenhouse gases generated

Many professions have a scope of practice. What is the definition of a "scope of practice"?

the practitioner's range of roles, activities, and regulations within which nutrition and dietetics practitioners perform

Irrespective of whether a substance is deemed to be GRAS or if its safety is established through a premarket approval process, the safety determination is always limited to:

the substance's intended conditions of use

A typical feeding/eating pattern for infants is -to require apple juice at 4 months to regulate stooling. -to require cereal at bedtime after 3 months to sleep through the night. -to require only breastmilk or iron-fortified formula for the first 6 months of age. -hard to predict since their interest in eating is so variable.

to require only breastmilk or iron-fortified formula for the first 6 months of age

Which micronutrient enhances the absorption of nonheme iron?

vitamin C

Employees should be excluded from working in any type of foodservice establishment if they have any of the following symptoms:

vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice

In the Cajun and Creole culture, the traiteur is the one _____. -who provides valued health and wellness information -who is considered the most revered member of the community -who blesses the food before it is consumed -who believes he or she possesses a divine gift for healing

who believes he or she possesses a divine gift for healing

As a manager, you were instructed to prepare a budget without relying on the figures from previous year. This is known as a

zero-based budget

How much water needs to be removed from food if dehydration is used as a method of food preservation?

≥ 80%