Reactivity series
What is reduction?
gain of electrons
What is oxidation?
loss of electrons
What does rusting require?
oxygen and water
How can metals below carbon in reactivity series be extracted p?
By reduction using carbon or charcoal
What happens when group 2 metals and zinc and iron react with dilute acid?
Fizz, giving off hydrogen and forming a salt
What happens when group 1 metals and calcium react with water?
Fizz, giving off hydrogen, leaving an alkali solution of metal hydroxide
What elements exist natively?
Gold, silver and platinum
List 3 barriers to stop oxygen and water reaching the metal
Greasing, oiling and painting
What is the only element that rusts?
Iron
What is the equation for rusting?
Iron + oxygen + water -> hydrated iron(III) oxide
Why do we change iron into steel?
Iron is too soft for many of its uses
What happens to zinc in galvanising?
It preferentially is oxidised by electron loss to molecules in the air
What happens when copper, silver and gold react with dilute acid?
No reaction
What happens when copper, silver and gold react with water?
No reaction, even with steam
Name the elements in the reactivity series
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold
What is a metal ore?
A rock which contains enough of the mineral for it to be worthwhile to extract the metal
What is different from alloy of iron-steel?
Carbon particles are added which stops layers from sliding over each other. This makes the material harder
What is aluminium used for?
Cars, trains, overhead power cables, saucepans and cooking foil
What is galvanising?
Coating iron or steel object with a layer of zinc (zinc acts as a sacrificial metal)
What is copper used for?
Electrical cabling and pipes for plumbing
What is steel used for?
Machinery, tools, bridges, car engines, sinks and cans
What is an alloy?
Mixture of 2nor more elements where at least one of which is a metal
What happens when tin and lead react with dilute acid?
React slowly with warm acid
What happens when magnesium, aluminium, zinc and iron react with water?
React with steam, giving off hydrogen and form a metal oxide
What speeds up rusting?
Salt
What happens when tin and lead react with water?
Slight reaction with steam
What is the alloy of iron?
Steel
Why are alloys important?
They are harder, stronger, lighter, heavier, different colour and rust less or not at all
What happens when group 1 metals reacts with dilute acid?
They explode
What happens to other metals instead of rusting?
They tarnish
What is sacrificial protection?
Using a more reactive metal than iron
How can metals above carbon in reactivity series be extracted?
Using electrolysis
