Rehab Test 2

Optimal frequency of aerobic training

3-4 times per week

To strengthen the posterior tibialis using manual resistance, have the patient assume a long sitting position on a table or mat. Support and hold the lower leg with one hand and: A. Apply resistance to the plantar and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient plantar flexes and inverts the ankle and foot. B. Apply resistance to the plantar and lateral surfaces of the foot at the fifth metatarsal as the patient plantar flexes and everts the ankle and foot. C. Apply resistance to the dorsal and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient dorsiflexes and inverts the ankle and foot. D. Apply resistance to the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the foot at the fifth metatarsal as the patient dorsiflexes and everts the ankle and foot.

Apply resistance to the plantar and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient plantar flexes and inverts the ankle and foot.

As part of a patient's balance training program, you have her walk across a balance beam or on a line drawn on the floor. The motor strategy this patient is most likely retraining is the: A. Ankle strategy. B. Suspensory strategy. C. Stepping strategy. D. Hip strategy.

Hip strategy.

Soft Tissue Injury Acute Stage is also known as

Inflammation Maximum Protection

If you determine that chronic irritation and inflammation of scar tissue are the sources of progressive restriction and pain: A. Strengthening exercises are the only intervention that can resolve the patient's problems. B. Inflammation must be treated before stretching is initiated. C. The pain will decrease after stretching exercises are implemented. D. The scar must be stretched vigorously to regain ROM.

Inflammation must be treated before stretching is initiated.

What is the best method for determining the progression of exercise during the subacute stage of healing? A. Increase range of motion 10° each treatment session B. Increase strength training by 1 lb each treatment session C. Increase endurance exercises by 3 repetitions each treatment session D. Let patient response guide the progression of exercise

Let patient response guide the progression of exercise

closed chain exercise

Movement where the distal segment of the joint is fixed.

McMurray Test - Medial

Patient supine Examiner completely flexes the knee then laterally rotates the tibia and extends the knee Positive test=snap or click with pain

All of the following are examples of plyometric activities for the upper extremities except: A. Overhead catching and throwing a weighted ball to a rebounder. B. Performing diagonal patterns with a barbell weight. C. Dribbling a basketball. D. Swinging a weighted golf club.

Performing diagonal patterns with a barbell weight.

Each of the following describes the concept and/or mechanism of plyometrics except: A. High-velocity eccentric to concentric muscle loading. B. Stretch-strengthening drills. C. Stretch-lengthening drills. D. Reactive neuromuscular training.

Stretch-lengthening drills.

Agonist

primary mover, contracts to produce the desired motion

Base of Support

refers to the area beneath an object or person that includes every point of contact with that object or person makes with the supporting surface.

Principles: Training at an intensity above that normally attained to induce highly specific adaptations

Overload principle

Oxygen is required for this energy system

Oxidative/Aerobic

The energy system predominates over the other energy systems after the 2nd minute of exercise.

Oxidative/Aerobic

Your patient reports having had a sudden onset of severe pain in the left posterior thigh yesterday while sprinting. Today he is unable to fully extend his left knee while walking because of pain. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate today? A. Passive knee flexion/extension with the hip flexed to 90° B. Passive knee flexion/extension with the hip positioned in 0° extension C. Active knee flexion but no passive or active extension D. Submaximal resisted knee flexion in the prone-lying position

Passive knee flexion/extension with the hip positioned in 0° extension

McMurray Test- Lateral

Patient supine Examiner completely flexes the knee then medially rotates the tibia and extends the knee Positive test=snap or click with pain

As you develop progressions of exercise programs for varied patients, which of the following describes the appropriate use of plyometric drills? A. Pediatric programs should include plyometric drills because they are fun to perform and will engage the patient in functional activities. B. Patients with unstable joints should perform plyometric drills early in the course of therapy to challenge firing of antagonistic muscle groups. C. Every patient on a strengthening program should progress to plyometric drills during the return-to-function phase of rehabilitation. D. Patients in advanced phases of rehabilitation should be trained to return to high-demand functional activities and sports

Patients in advanced phases of rehabilitation should be trained to return to high-demand functional activities and sports

Which of the following is the most efficient way to neutralize the effects of muscle fatigue during an exercise session? A. Perform active exercises during the rest interval between sets B. Stop all exercise and rest completely between sets C. Apply cold to the muscle/muscle groups between sets D. Massage the muscles between sets

Perform active exercises during the rest interval between sets

No carbohydrates or fat is used in this energy system

Phosphagen

You test the muscle strength of the middle deltoid and determine it to be 2/5. The goal of an exercise you are having a patient do is to increase muscular endurance of the middle deltoid. Of the exercises described, which is most appropriate to meet the goal at this point in the exercise program? A. Place the patient in a side-lying position and have her actively abduct the arm without assistance as many times as possible. B. Place the patient in a sitting position with the elbow flexed and have her abduct the arm through the full ROM 8 to 10 times against light resistance. C. Place the patient in a supine position on a large mat. As you support the weight of the arm, have the patient abduct the arm through a full ROM as many times as possible against a minimal amount of manual resistance. D. Have the patient assume the supine position. Provide as much assistance as needed to enable the patient to flex the shoulder from 0° to 90° for as many repetitions as possible.

Place the patient in a supine position on a large mat. As you support the weight of the arm, have the patient abduct the arm through a full ROM as many times as possible against a minimal amount of manual resistance.

An exercise program that is designed to train the neuromuscular system to react quickly for activities, sports, or occupations that require quick starts and stops consists of exercises in which of the following categories? A. Open-chain kinetic B. Isokinetic C. Plyometric D. Stretch-lengthening drills

Plyometric

The vestibular system provides which of the following types of sensory information for balance control? A. Muscle tension and length B. Joint movement and position C. Position of the head and body with respect to inertial forces D. Position of the head relative to the environment

Position of the head and body with respect to inertial forces

Soft Tissue Injury Sub-Acute Stage is also known as

Proliferation, Repair, and Healing Controlled motion

Progressing resistance and stretching exercises vigorously during the early subacute stage of soft tissue healing: A. Decreases recovery time. B. Prolongs the inflammation and promotes adhesion formation. C. Increases the strength of the healing tissues. D. Helps scar tissue resolve more quickly.

Prolongs the inflammation and promotes adhesion formation

Suspension strategy

Rapid lowering of body by flexing knees Results in hip and ankle flexion COG is lowered to maintain balance

The elderly and individuals with diabetes who have peripheral neuropathy in the lower extremities might experience balance deficits and increased risk for falls due to: A. Inability to generate motor output to regain balance. B. Decreased joint position sense in the feet, reducing ability to use ankle or hip strategies to maintain balance. C. Reduced somatosensation in the lower extremities. D. Inability to participate in balance exercise programs or activities.

Reduced somatosensation in the lower extremities

Benefits of aerobic activity during exercise

Reduction in pulse rate increased stroke volume increased cardiac output increase extraction of oxygen by working muscle decreased myocardial oxygen consumption decreased blood flow per/kg of working muscle

What occurs in the Sub-Acute/Proliferation-Repair and Healing stage of soft tissue healing?

Removal of noxious stimuli growth of capillary beds into area collagen formation granulation tissue very fragile, easily injured tissue

What does RM mean?

Rep Max

Principles: Effect of training lost which can be gained again when you resume training

Reversibility Principles

You have a patient assume a prone-lying position and prop symmetrically on his forearms. You apply manual resistance in several directions at the shoulder girdles as you ask the patient to hold (maintain) the symmetrical position. This technique is known as: A. Agonist-contraction. B. Rhythmic stabilization. C. Recurrent facilitation. D. Repeated contractions.

Rhythmic stabilization.

O'Brien Test

SLAP lesion Patient is standing Flex the shoulder to 90 degrees with elbow in full extension, adduct the shoulder about 10 to 15 degrees and internally rotate the shoulder Examiner applies a downward force to the arm as the patient resists Positive for labral tear if pain is elicited; clicking noted in the shoulder moving from forearm pronated to supinated. Patient having less pain in the supinated position is also positive for labral tear.

Your patient is a sedentary 52-year-old man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day and has a family history of cardiovascular disease. The most appropriate method of determining his cardiovascular fitness is: A. Distance run in 12 minutes. B. Heart rate following 6 minutes of fast walking. C. Sample expired air during multistage treadmill testing to provide a direct measure of VO2 max D. Time required to run 1.5 miles.

Sample expired air during multistage treadmill testing to provide a direct measure of VO2 max

Movement during the acute stage of healing following soft tissue injury: A. Is contraindicated. B. Should be passive or assisted and should begin as soon as tolerated within the pain-free range. C. Should include the full ROM in order to prevent adhesions. D. Should begin on the fourth day and be tissue-specific.

Should be passive or assisted and should begin as soon as tolerated within the pain-free range.

Mrs. B is an 87-year-old resident of Western Hills Skilled Nursing Facility. She sustained a compression fracture of the T12 vertebra several weeks ago when she inadvertently sat down forcefully on a hard chair. Incorporating resistance training that focuses on eccentric exercises of her quadriceps and gluteal muscles in weight-bearing positions (e.g., controlled squatting and partial lunges) represents what principle of therapeutic exercise? A. Specificity of training B. Reversibility of training C. Overflow principle D. Overload principle

Specificity of training

Principles: training that should be relevant to sport or skill for which the individual is trying to achieve

Specificity principle

Your patient is lying supine and you are strengthening the iliopsoas on the (R) using manual resistance. The main reason you would want to place the patient's (L) hip and knee in flexion (foot planted on the table) is to: A. Stretch the erector spinae muscles in the lumbar region of the back. B. Improve the mechanical efficiency of the iliopsoas on the (R). C. Stabilize the pelvis in a neutral to posteriorly rotated position to lessen the possibility of an anterior pelvic tilt occurring, placing stress on the low back. D. Place the pelvis in a slight anterior tilt so the trunk is more stable and the iliopsoas can generate greater tension.

Stabilize the pelvis in a neutral to posteriorly rotated position to lessen the possibility of an anterior pelvic tilt occurring, placing stress on the low back.

The semicircular canals of the vestibular system would contribute the most to balance control during which of the following activities? A. Standing and quickly turning the head to look at a person B. Sitting in a chair reading a newspaper C. Standing on a bus that suddenly accelerates forward D. Standing on an elevator that suddenly accelerates downward

Standing and quickly turning the head to look at a person

The Romberg Test measures: A. Anticipatory balance control. B. Reactive balance control. C. Static balance control. D. Dynamic balance control.

Static balance control.

Disadvantages of Isometric contractions

Strength gains are not occurring throughout the range. No all muscle fibers are activated (only slow twitch) No flexibility or cardiovascular benefits Vasoconstriction/joint compression can be injurious to the tissue. Limited functional carryover Increase of internal pressure leads to hernia or high blood pressure

Which factors affect the amount of resistance provided by elastic resistance bands during exercise? A. Length of the muscle and stretch of the band B. Stretch of the band and speed of movement C. Stretch of the band and angle of the band in relation to the moving bone D. Angle of the band in relation to the moving bone and length of the muscle

Stretch of the band and angle of the band in relation to the moving bone

Transient or intermittent pain that occurs during the chronic stage of soft tissue healing is best relieved by: A. Stretching and strengthening the healing tissues. B. Applying cold. C. Applying heat and massage. D. Resting.

Stretching and strengthening the healing tissues

Hawkins-Kennedy Test

Subacromial impingement syndrome test Passively flex the shoulder to 90 degrees Forcefully move into internal rotation Positive if pain is reproduced Positive for subacromial impingement and/or rotator cuff tear

The most important neural structures for the integration and processing of sensory information for balance control are: A. Basal ganglia, primary motor area, and cerebellum. B. Basal ganglia, thalamus, and supplementary motor area. C. Supplementary motor area, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. D. Supplementary motor area, cerebellum, and thalamus.

Supplementary motor area, cerebellum, and basal ganglia.

Which of the following terms refers to the degeneration of a tendon due to repetitive microtrauma? A. Tendinitis B. Tenosynovitis C. Tenovaginitis D. Tendinosis

Tendinosis

Lateral Epicondylitis

Tennis elbow Examiner applies resistance to extension of the 3rd finger of the hand while stabilizing more proximal. Causes stress to the extensor digitorum muscle and tendon. Positive sign is pain or discomfort at the lateral elbow region

An 82-year-old woman is referred to physical therapy with a history of two falls in the past month. She shows inadequate anticipatory control on the Functional Reach Test and is now expressing fear of falling. The patient lives alone and relies on her daughter for transportation. The best exercise program for this person is: A. The Otego Home Exercise Program. B. Circuit training as described by Nitz and Choy . C. A Tai Chi exercise program. D. An individualized walking exercise program that she can do with her daughter.

The Otego Home Exercise Program.

Which of the following is true of the "amortization phase" of plyometric exercises? A. The contracting muscle reverses action from deceleration to acceleration of the load. B. The contracting muscle reverses action from acceleration to deceleration of the load. C. The time frame of this phase is increased as the plyometric activity is progressed. D. The stretch reflex is activated during this phase.

The contracting muscle reverses action from deceleration to acceleration of the load.

Another term for the concept of plyometric training is reactive neuromuscular training. At the cellular and neuromuscular receptor level, which of the following describes the mechanism of plyometrics? A. The eccentric contraction stimulates and activates the monosynaptic stretch reflex in the muscle and so prepares the muscle for a concentric contraction. B. The concentric contraction (stretch shortening drill) builds power that is released in the eccentric (lengthening drill) that follows. C. A slow eccentric (lengthening) contraction stretches the muscle spindle, transmitting a more powerful concentric (shortening) contraction. D. Quick eccentric loads expend energy that is then transmitted to the muscle spindle, resulting in muscular hypertrophy and increased power.

The eccentric contraction stimulates and activates the monosynaptic stretch reflex in the muscle and so prepares the muscle for a concentric contraction.

Of the following, which is the best definition of an "8 RM"? A. The number of repetitions of a particular exercise a patient can perform in 8 seconds against a specific load (amount of resistance) B. The number of sets (bouts) of a specific exercise a patient can perform for 8 repetitions C. The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM in 8 seconds D. The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM for 8 repetitions (no more, no less)

The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM for 8 repetitions (no more, no less)

Limits of Stability (LOS)

The greatest distance in any direction a person can lean away from a midline vertical position without falling, stepping, or reaching for support

If a patient, who is in a prone-lying position with a cuff weight around his ankle, flexes his knee from a fully extended (0°) position to a fully flexed (150°) position, what type(s) of contraction will occur in which muscle group(s)? A. The knee flexors contract concentrically through the full ROM. B. The knee flexors contract concentrically from 0° to 90°, and the knee extensors contract eccentrically from 90° to 150° of flexion. C. The knee flexors contract eccentrically from 0° to 90°, and the knee extensors contract concentrically from 90° to 150° of flexion. D. The knee flexors contract eccentrically throughout the full ROM.

The knee flexors contract concentrically from 0° to 90°, and the knee extensors contract eccentrically from 90° to 150° of flexion. pg. 836

It has been shown that after performing resistance exercise to the point of exhaustion, recovery from exercise (recovery from fatigue) occurs most efficiently if: A. The fatigued muscle rests completely during recovery. B. Cold is applied to the fatigued muscle. C. The patient performs low-intensity, active exercise using the fatigued muscle. D. The muscle is passively stretched during recovery.

The patient performs low-intensity, active exercise using the fatigued muscle.

During the repair process following tissue injury, the newly developing collagen fibrils are: A. Ready to withstand normal stresses by 3 weeks. B. Slow to be deposited. C. Laid down in alignment exactly replicating the fibers that were damaged. D. Thin and unorganized.

Thin and unorganized.

When progressing aerobic exercise the time should be increased first, and then the frequency, and then intensity last. True or False

True

Your patient has poor upper quarter posture, and you are training the scapular depressors in order to improve thoracic and scapular position for postural control. Against low resistance, the scapular depressors are muscle setting for 60 seconds. What muscle fibers primarily are recruited during this activity? A. Type I B. Type IB C. Type IIA D. Type IIB

Type I

What happens when a muscle is fatigued?

Uncomfortable sensation in the mm, with pain & cramping possible. Shaking or trembling of contracting mm An unintentional slowing of contraction velocity with successive repetitions of an exercise. Active movements are jerky or inconsistent Inability to complete the movement pattern through the full range of available ROM during dynamic exercise against the same level resistance. Use of substitute motions. Inability to continue low intensity physical activity. Decline in peak torque during isokinetic exercise

Which of the following forms of resistance training is most appropriate for a 9-year-old child with weakness of the elbow musculature as the result of an elbow sprain, followed by several weeks of elbow immobilization combined with daily active (nonresisted) ROM? A. High-load, low-repetition biceps curls on equipment specifically designed to adjust to a child's body proportions B. Low-load, high-repetition biceps curls on equipment usually used by the adult patient population C. Supervised exercise by unlicensed support personnel D. Underhand bilateral toss of a weighted ball

Underhand bilateral toss of a weighted ball

In addition to an isokinetic dynamometer, which of the following types of resistance equipment can be used safely and effectively to improve muscle strength at fast velocities of limb movement? A. Free weights B. Variable resistance equipment made up of a weight-cable and cam system C. Variable resistance equipment that employs pneumatic or hydraulic resistance D. Simple weight-pulley system

Variable resistance equipment that employs pneumatic or hydraulic resistance

What occurs in the Acute/Inflammation stage of soft tissue healing?

Vascular changes exudation of cells and chemicals clot formation phagocytosis, neutralization of irritants early fibroblastic activity

Isokinetic contraction

Velocity of limb movement is held consistent by a rate controlling device

To improve a patient's dynamic postural control using visual and vestibular inputs, the most appropriate activity for the patient to perform is: A. Standing on a foam surface with feet apart and eyes open. B. Marching in place on a firm surface with eyes open. C. Walking with a narrowed base of support on foam with eyes open. D. Walking with a narrowed base of support on a firm surface with eyes closed.

Walking with a narrowed base of support on foam with eyes open

While testing a patient's balance, you have the patient perform a series of activities, starting with those that require a low level of balance control and progressing to more difficult tasks. Of the following, the task that requires the greatest amount of balance control is: A. Catching and throwing a ball while sitting. B. Raising the opposite arm and leg while in the quadruped position. C. Walking with one foot placed in front of the other. D. While standing, balancing on one leg for 10 seconds.

Walking with one foot placed in front of the other.

Which of the following best describes cross-training or cross-exercise, a phenomenon that has been observed as a result of resistance training? A. When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle, the antagonist to that muscle also shows an increase in strength. B. When exercise is carried out concentrically against resistance, an increase in eccentric muscle strength in the same leg also occurs. C. When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle group on the right side of the body, small gains in strength occur in the same unexercised muscle on the opposite side of the body. D. When training is carried out for the purpose of developing strength, muscular endurance also develops in that same muscle.

When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle group on the right side of the body, small gains in strength occur in the same unexercised muscle on the opposite side of the body.

How do you know when to progress from AROM to resistive exercises?

When the patient MMT is at least a 2, and can do AROM through full ROM without pain

How do you know when to progress the amount of resistance?

When the patient can complete 8-12 reps with good form and no signs of muscle fatigue

When an exercise involves using the same muscle group to lift and lower a constant load, such as flexing and extending the elbow while standing and holding a weight, which of the following is correct about the effect of this exercise on the tension generated by the musculature? A. Greater muscle tension develops when the weight is lowered (controlled by an eccentric contraction) than when it is lifted and controlled by a concentric contraction. B. When the weight is lowered (controlled by an eccentric contraction), fewer motor units are recruited, and thus less tension is generated, than when the weight is lifted (controlled by a concentric contraction). C. The same tension is generated in the muscle during the lifting and lowering phases of the exercise because the greatest resistance (load) is imposed by the weight at the same point in the ROM. D. Greater energy expenditure is necessary during the eccentric phase of the exercise than during the concentric phase.

When the weight is lowered (controlled by an eccentric contraction), fewer motor units are recruited, and thus less tension is generated, than when the weight is lifted (controlled by a concentric contraction).

You have been treating a 25-year-old soccer player, who has been recovering from hip bursitis. She is pain free and performing routine activities of daily living, walking and running without symptoms. She is now progressing to a phase of advanced functional training to prepare her for the quick turns, starts and stops, and dynamic single leg stances when kicking the soccer ball. Which of the following activities would be appropriate to include in her program to specifically achieve these functional tasks? A. Open-chain knee extension on a resistance machine after establishing her 1 Rep Max B. Single leg stance on a stable surface, increasing the duration to 90 seconds C. Zigzag forward hopping D. Pushing and pulling heavy objects

Zigzag forward hopping

Coxa Valga

a pathologically large angle of inclination between the femoral neck and shaft of the femur

Center of mass

a point representing the mean position of the matter in a body or system.

anticipatory control

activation of postural muscles in advance of performing skilled movements

This muscle soreness occurs during the later stages of an exercise bout, during the immediate recovery period and generally disappears between 2 minutes and 1 hour after cessation of exercise: a. Acute soreness b. Delayed onset muscle soreness c. overload principle d. Reversibility principle

acute soreness

Sharpened Romberg test

aka as the tandem Romberg, requires the patient to stand with the feet in a heel to toe position with arms folded across the chest and eyes closed for 1 minute.

Motor Strategies

ankle weight shift suspension hip stepping combined

Where is the center of gravity in most adults?

anterior S2

Muscle mass peaks in women at what age?

between 16 and 20 years of age

muscle mass peaks in men at what age?

between 18 and 25 years of age

More effort is needed by a patient to control this type of contraction

concentric

What type of muscle contraction creates greater tension?

concentric

Isometric contraction

contraction with no change in muscle length

Angle strategy-for small perturbations that cause loss of balance in a backward direction muscle usually proceeds:

distal to proximal anterior tibialis quadriceps abdominal muscles

Ankle strategy- for small perturbations that cause loss of balance in a forward direction muscle activation usually proceeds

distal to proximal gastrocs hamstrings paraspinals

These contractions prepare patients for high-demand sports or work-related activities

eccentric

What type of muscle contraction controls lowering of a weight?

eccentric

What type of muscle contraction has fewer motor units recruited?

eccentric

open chain exercise

exercise in which a distal segment of the body moves freely in space

Drop Arm Test

for supraspinatus tears Patient is seated or standing Examiner grasps the patient's wrist and passively abducts the shoulder to 90 degrees. Examiner releases the patient's arm with instructions to slowly lower the arm Test is positive if the patient is unable to lower his/her arm in a smooth controlled fashion

Anterior Apprehension Test

glenohumeral instability test Anterior Apprehension Test Patient is in the supine position Examiner passively abducts and externally rotates the humerus Positive for shoulder instability if it elicits pain or instability

This energy system is used for moderate intensity exercises of short duration

glycolytic

The recommended volume of moderate intensity needed for reaching health and fitness goals and to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease for adults is

greater than or equal to 500 to 1000 MET-min per week (approximately 1000 kcal per week)

Neutralizers

help cancel out extra motion from agonists to make sure the force generated works within the desired plane of motion

How to exercise to increase endurance

high volume, low intensity

What are the short rotator cuff muscles that produce a stabilizing compression and downward translation of the humerus in the glenoid?

infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Sprain

injury to a ligament

Four methods of training are known to challenge the aerobic system. Which method of training is characterized by a period of exercise followed by a brief period of relief? A. Continuous B. Interval C. Circuit D. Circuit-interval

interval

Maximum resistance will be provided at all points in the ROM during this muscle contraction

isokinetic

This type of muscle contraction, at high intensity, is contraindicated for patients with cardiac disease

isometric

The important factor is that the aerobic exercise involves

large muscle groups that are activated in a rhythmic and aerobic nature

How to exercise to increase strength

low volume, high intensity

Weight shifting strategy

movement strategy to control medial/lateral perturbations

Synergist

muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation

Antagonist

opposes the desired movement and is responsible for returning a limb to its initial position in a coordinated and controlled fashion

Plyometric drills are prescribed to improve which dimension of muscle performance? A. Balance B. Flexibility C. Power D. Endurance

power

Forward Hips Strategy Sequence

proximal to distal Abdominals quadriceps

Backward Hip Strategy sequence

proximal to distal paraspinals hamstrings

Dynamic balance control

stabilize the body when the support surface is moving or stabilize the body when the body is moving on a stable surface (sit to stand transfer)

Which muscle has a significant stabilizing, compressive, and slight upward translation effect on the humerus during arm elevation?

supraspinatus

Romberg test

tests the patients ability to stand with feet parallel and together with the eyes open and then closed for 30 seconds

Center of gravity

the point at which the entire weight of a body may be considered as concentrated so that if supported at this point the body would remain in equilibrium in any position

Closed loop control

utilized for precision movements that require sensory feedback such as maintaining balance while sitting on a ball or standing on a balance beam

Optimal time for aerobic activity

20-30 min at 70% Max HR 45 min for below the HR threshold 10-15 min for high intensity

How to calculate max heartrate?

220-age

If jogging for 20 minutes requires 50 units of work output and 200 units of work input, what is the exercise efficiency? A. 2% B. 2.5% C. 20% D. 25%

25%

If blood glucose is more than __________, therapy should stop

250 mg/dL

Your patient is nearing the end of his rehabilitation for return to sport and is performing more of his program independently at home. As you are providing education regarding precautions and recognizing signs and symptoms, you discuss how much recovery time he should allow between sessions of high-intensity plyometric drills. Based on research, how much time do you suggest? A. 15-30 minutes B. 24 hours C. 48-72 hours D. 8-12 hours

48-72 hours

Target HR to Lose Weight

50-60 Very Light 60-70 Light

How long should you hold an Isometric exercise?

6-10 seconds

Target HR to Improve Fitness

60-70 Light 70-80 Moderate 80-90 Hard

Target HR to maximize performance

80-90 Hard 90-100 Maximum

At what body temperature would you stop therapy?

>100

At what diastolic blood pressure should you stop therapy?

>110

At what systolic blood pressure should you stop therapy?

>240mm Hg

A 76-year-old community-dwelling man is referred to physical therapy for balance training. He reports no previous falls. His Timed Up-and-Go score is 15 seconds. The best setting for him to receive training is in: A. An individual or community-based group exercise program. B. A community-based group exercise program with individual supervision provided by trained staff. C. A clinic with physical therapist or physical therapist assistant supervision. D. At home with physical therapist or physical therapist assistant supervision.

A community-based group exercise program with individual supervision provided by trained staff.

Strain

A condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon

Each of the following is an indication that muscle fatigue is occurring when a patient is exercising against resistance except: A. Muscular tremor occurring during the exercise. B. A gradual increase in temperature (sensation of warmth) in the exercising muscles. C. The patient may not be able to complete the available range of motion (ROM) against the initial level of resistance applied. D. The patient may attempt to use a substitute motion and muscle group to perform the exercise.

A gradual increase in temperature (sensation of warmth) in the exercising muscles.

Anterior Drawer Test

ACL Patient is supine with hip flexed at 45° and knee flexed 90° Examiner sits on forefoot Examiner places hands around the tibia to draw the tibia forward on the femur Normal amount of movement is 6 mm (or 0.236 inches) Positive test is more than 6 mm of movement

Major source of energy for the first 30 seconds of intense exercise?

ATP/Phosphagen

When a hip strategy is used for balance control in response to a posterior displacement of the support surface, which muscle groups are activated and in what sequence? A. Abdominals followed by the quadriceps B. Quadriceps followed by the abdominals C. Hamstrings followed by the paraspinals D. Paraspinals followed by the hamstrings

Abdominals followed by the quadriceps

Mrs. S is a 65-year-old woman with a history of falling due to episodic loss of balance. The medical diagnosis is "balance disorder." Which of the following tests is the best choice to administer to determine whether Mrs. S has a fear of falling? A. Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale B. Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment C. Berg Balance Test D. Functional Reach Test

Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale

Contraindications for RROM

Acute inflammation Pain Severe cardiac or respiratory distress

Which of the following is a contraindication to implementing resistance exercise? A. Risk of pathological fracture due to osteoporosis B. Joint instability C. Acute pain or inflammation D. Muscle soreness that occurs after a bout of exercise

Acute pain or inflammation

Which of the following is true regarding closed-chain exercise? A. It is less effective for developing co-activation of muscle groups and dynamic stability than open-chain training. B. Muscles develop strength more quickly than with open-chain exercise. C. It is a better choice than open-chain exercise to isolate and train weak muscle groups. D. Against similar exercise loads, it causes lower levels of shear in the joint than open-chain exercise.

Against similar exercise loads, it causes lower levels of shear in the joint than open-chain exercise.

Each of the following is a true statement about muscle strength and resistance training through the life span except: A. Although muscle strength tends to gradually decrease in middle-aged and older adults, weight training has been shown to be ineffective (does not lead to adaptive strength gains or functional improvement) after the seventh decade of life. B. During the early and middle childhood years prior to puberty, muscle strength increases linearly and is reasonably similar (as little as a 10% difference) in boys and girls. C. During puberty, although greater muscle hypertrophy occurs in boys than girls as the result of resistance training, relative training-induced strength gains are comparable between the sexes. D. During late adulthood, muscle atrophy occurs to a greater extent in type II than type I muscle fibers.

Although muscle strength tends to gradually decrease in middle-aged and older adults, weight training has been shown to be ineffective (does not lead to adaptive strength gains or functional improvement) after the seventh decade of life.

As part of a circuit weight training program, your patient performs 2 sets of 10 repetitions of biceps curls at 70% of a 1 repetition maximum (RM), resting briefly between sets. Which of the following energy systems is primarily being used? A. Phosphagen system B. Anaerobic-glycolytic system C. Aerobic system D. ATP-PC (adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine) system

Anaerobic-glycolytic system

The center of gravity in most adult humans is located slightly: A. Posterior to the L2 vertebra. B. Posterior to the S2 vertebra. C. Anterior to the L2 vertebra. D. Anterior to the S2 vertebra.

Anterior to the S2 vertebra.

During an examination of a patient who has a history of episodic falls, you observe the patient performing functional tasks to determine how she loses her balance. You note that the patient becomes unsteady whenever she picks up objects from the floor or reaches for objects in a kitchen cupboard. These findings most likely indicate a control deficit in: A. Anticipatory balance. B. Reactive balance. C. Static balance. D. Sensory organization.

Anticipatory balance

Pendulum (Codman's) exercises are used most effectively: A. As a grade II oscillation technique to inhibit pain and maintain mobility. B. As a strengthening exercise when a weight is held in the hand or placed around the wrist. C. To stretch the shoulder musculature and increase range of motion (ROM) when a patient does not have antigravity control of shoulder movement. D. As a grade III distraction technique to increase ROM when mobility of the scapula is normal but there is chronic stiffness of the glenohumeral joint.

As a grade II oscillation technique to inhibit pain and maintain mobility.

Decreases of muscle mass begin to occur when?

As early as 25 years of age

Overuse syndromes occur: A. As the result of repetitive, submaximal stress of a muscle or tendon. B. As the result of a severe blow to a muscle. C. As a result of prolonged immobilization. D. Only if there is impaired circulation to soft tissue.

As the result of repetitive, submaximal stress of a muscle or tendon.

To prevent falls and maximize safety while lifting heavy objects from the floor, an elderly patient is instructed to: A. Bend at the knees as far as possible, keeping the back straight and placing the load between the legs. B. Keep the knees straight, bend at the hips, keep the back straight, and pick up the load quickly. C. Bend at the knees partially while keeping the back straight and pick up the load slowly. D. Bend the knees partially and rotate and laterally bend the back to lift the load to one side of the hips.

Bend at the knees partially while keeping the back straight and pick up the load slowly.

To improve upper extremity strength, stability, and proprioception, during which of the following variations of push-ups does body weight provide the greatest resistance? A. Bilateral wall push-ups while in a standing position and leaning into and pushing away from the wall B. Bilateral push-ups in a prone position, head down on an incline board with weight on hands and knees C. Bilateral push-ups while standing and leaning on the hands on a kitchen countertop D. Bilateral push-ups in a prone position with weight on the hands and knees

Bilateral push-ups in a prone position, head down on an incline board with weight on hands and knees

Your patient is in the return-to-function phase of rehabilitation after recovering from a sprained ankle. She wants to be able to resume her hobby of extensive gardening and yard work. Which of the following combinations of progressions for balance describes less to more difficult activities? A. Stationary to moving surface, wide-base to narrow-base stance, high-magnitude to low-magnitude perturbations B. Bilateral to unilateral stance, firm surface to soft surface, slow- to high-speed repetitions C. Narrow-base to wide-base stance, bilateral to unilateral activities, small- to large-range motions D. Single leg to tandem stance, open environment to closed environment, unresisted to resisted movements

Bilateral to unilateral stance, firm surface to soft surface, slow- to high-speed repetitions

Advantages of Isometric contractions

Can use with no or minimal equipment Decreases muscle pain and spasms Promotes relaxation and circulation Used in acute stage of healing after soft tissue injury/surgery

Phalen's Test

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patient is sitting or standing Patient flexes the wrist maximally while maintaining the shoulder in neutral and elbow in extension. Hold this position for 60 seconds or until symptoms are reproduced. Positive test occurs with numbness and tingling on the palmar aspect of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and radial half of the 4th digit within 60 seconds.

Which of the following stages of soft tissue healing is characterized by remodeling and maturation of collagen in the scar? A. Chronic stage B. Early subacute stage C. Late subacute stage D. Acute stage

Chronic stage

Which of the following describes the research evidence regarding the effective treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) once it occurs? A. Modalities consisting of electrical stimulation and cold are the only treatments that are consistently effective at reducing muscle soreness experienced with DOMS. B. Postexercise massage reduces both the signs and symptoms of DOMS in the elite athlete but not in the casual athlete. C. Use of compression sleeves on the affected muscles improves the strength deficits that occur as a result of DOMS. D. Continuation of the training program that has induced DOMS does not worsen the muscle damage or slow the process of recovery.

Continuation of the training program that has induced DOMS does not worsen the muscle damage or slow the process of recovery.

Goals of Acute Stage (Inflammation) soft tissue healing:

Control effects of inflammation: selective rest; ice, compression, elevation Prevent deleterious effects of rest: nondestructive movement, passive ROM, massage, and muscle setting with caution

Each of the following is a true statement about isokinetic exercise except: A. Current technology provides resistance only to concentric muscle contractions. B. It accommodates for a painful arc. C. It provides maximal resistance throughout the available ROM. D. It accommodates for muscle fatigue.

Current technology provides resistance only to concentric muscle contractions

Benefits of aerobic activity at rest

Decreased resting heart rate decrease in blood pressure increase in blood volume & hemoglobin

Goals of Sub-Acute (Proliferation, Repair & Healing) stage of soft tissue healing

Develop mobile scar: selective stretching, mobilization, manipulation of restrictions. Promote healing: nondestructive active, resistive, open and closed chain stabilization, muscular endurance, and cardiopulmonary endurance exercises, carefully progressed in intensity and range

Principles of stress testing include each of the following except: A. The workload initially used in the test is low compared with an individual's anticipated aerobic threshold. B. To increase the workload during treadmill testing, the speed and/or incline are increased. C. Each successive workload level is maintained for no more than 30 seconds. D. Testing is terminated at the onset of symptoms, or definable abnormalities are noted on the electrocardiogram.

Each successive workload level is maintained for no more than 30 seconds.

Your examination of a patient who sustained a soft tissue injury reveals that she experiences pain only at the end of the available ROM when you apply overpressure. Based on this finding, which of the following would be the most appropriate technique to include in the treatment plan to decrease the patient's pain? A. Immobilize and rest the painful structures B. Grades I and II joint distraction or gliding techniques C. End-range joint or muscle stretching techniques to increase the mobility of the tight structures D. Progressive resistance exercises to work through the pain

End-range joint or muscle stretching techniques to increase the mobility of the tight structures

All of the following are true of the repetition maximum (RM) except: A. RM can be used to document a baseline for a muscle group's dynamic strength. B. A 1-RM can be mathematically calculated from a patient's ability to perform multiple reps at a reduced load. C. Establishing a 1-RM involves trial and error and so has been determined to be invalid for use in research studies for resistance training. D. RM is an effective way to determine an appropriate exercise load to begin and progress strength training.

Establishing a 1-RM involves trial and error and so has been determined to be invalid for use in research studies for resistance training.

Which of the following is true of resistance training for the patient with known osteoporosis? A. Safe resistance training imposes only submaximal loads—no more than the patient encounters during activities of daily living. B. Only isometric exercises should be prescribed in order to eliminate torque on the bones. C. Evidence has shown that resistance exercise is an essential element in the rehabilitation, conditioning, and aerobic programs of patients both at risk for and with known osteoporosis. D. Resistance training is contraindicated for patients with known osteoporosis due to the risk of pathological stress fracture.

Evidence has shown that resistance exercise is an essential element in the rehabilitation, conditioning, and aerobic programs of patients both at risk for and with known osteoporosis.

A patient is holding a piece of elastic tubing with both hands in front of the body. Both elbows are flexed to 90°, and both upper arms are held gently against the sides of the patient's chest. Instruct the patient to internally and externally rotate both shoulders simultaneously in this position. This activity strengthens the: A. Internal rotators concentrically and eccentrically. B. External rotators concentrically and the internal rotators eccentrically. C. Internal rotators concentrically and the external rotators eccentrically. D. External rotators concentrically and eccentrically.

External rotators concentrically and eccentrically.

Determinants of an Exercise Program

FITT-VP Method -*F*requency -*I*ntensity (Overload, Specificity) -*T*ime (Duration) -*T*ype (Mode, SAID) -*V*olume -*P*rogression

Mary is 30 lb overweight and wants to start exercising for fitness and to lose weight before her high school class reunion next year. For motivation, she has set a specific goal to run a 10K race in 6 months. The best method of training for this event would be: A. Bicycling 2 days a week and fast walking 4 days a week. B. Fast walking, progressing to running 5 to 6 days a week. C. Bicycling and running 3 days a week for each activity. D. Swimming 1 day a week, bicycling 2 days a week, and running 3 days a week.

Fast walking, progressing to running 5 to 6 days a week

FADIR test

Femoroacetabular impingement The classic impingment test Patient is lying supine Examiner positions the hip into 90° flexion while concurrently internally rotating and adducting the hip. Positive test with the reproduction of patient's pain

de Quervain's Disease test

Finkelstein Test Patient is sitting or standing Patient actively flexes thumb maximally and wraps fingers over thumb making a fist Patient then ulnarly deviated his/her wrist Positive test if the patient complains of pain over the extensor compartment of the wrist

Which of the following is correct about the intensity of exercise and achieving a conditioning response? A. For a young, healthy individual, training at an intensity of 70% maximum heart rate is considered the maximum-level stimulus for a safe training program. B. If an adult is young, healthy, and accustomed to exercise, training at 100% of the maximum heart rate is recommended to achieve a conditioning response. C. For a sedentary, deconditioned individual, an initial training intensity at 70% of the maximum heart rate is the level of training typically required to achieve a conditioning response. D. For a sedentary, deconditioned individual, low-intensity exercise at the 40% to 60% level is usually sufficient to induce an initial conditioning response.

For a sedentary, deconditioned individual, low-intensity exercise at the 40% to 60% level is usually sufficient to induce an initial conditioning response.

Hip Strategy

For rapid and/or large external perturbations or for movements executed with the COG near the limits of stability. Uses rapid hip flexion or extension to move the Center of Mass within the BOS.

Which of the following best defines muscle strength? A. Ability of muscle to contract repeatedly against a load B. Work produced by a muscle per unit of time C. Produce or control forces imposed during functional activities D. Force generated during a single maximum effort

Force generated during a single maximum effort

The outcome measure developed specifically to measure balance control during gait in people with vestibular disorders is the: A. Timed Up-and-Go Test. B. Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment. C. Functional Gait Assessment. D. Dynamic Gait Index.

Functional Gait Assessment

The typical pattern of muscle activation associated with an ankle strategy to correct forward body sway is: A. Gastrocnemius and hamstrings are activated simultaneously, followed by the paraspinals. B. Gastrocnemius is activated first, then the hamstrings, followed by the paraspinals. C. Paraspinals are activated first, then hamstrings, followed by the gastrocnemius. D. Hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and paraspinals are activated simultaneously.

Gastrocnemius is activated first, then the hamstrings, followed by the paraspinals.

Glucose is the fuel source for this energy system:

Glycolytic

Medial Epicondylitis

Golfer's Elbow Patient seated or standing with fingers flexed in a fist position Examiner palpates the medial epicondyle with one hand and grasps the patient's wrist with the other hand. Examiner passively supinates the forearm and extends the elbow and wrist. Positive test with c/o pain or discomfort along the medial side of the elbow

During your evaluation, you identify signs of chronic inflammation of a muscle group. Each of the following techniques is tissue-specific for this condition at this time except: A. Cross-fiber massage. B. Grade II joint mobilization. C. ROM within the limits of pain. D. Muscle setting in pain-free positions.

Grade II joint mobilization.

A properly applied and progressed therapeutic exercise program should: A. Follow a pre-established protocol in order to be consistent for all patients with the same diagnosis. B. Push the patient beyond his or her current stage of recovery in order to progress the healing process. C. Grade the exercise to the stage of recovery to stress the tissues safely. D. Begin with passive exercise, progressing to active assistive exercise, active exercise, and then resistive exercise by the third week after injury.

Grade the exercise to the stage of recovery to stress the tissues safely.

What are 5 ways to provide resistance?

Gravity bodyweight free weights theraband/tubing manual resistance

Your goal is to improve lower extremity proprioception, balance, and strength. Which of the following closed-chain exercises is the most challenging? A. Have the patient stand on one foot on a piece of foam and maintain his balance. B. Have the patient kneel in an upright position on a piece of foam and shift his weight from side to side. C. Have the patient stand on the floor on one leg and maintain his balance. D. Have the patient stand on the floor with weight equally distributed on both feet and throw and catch a ball.

Have the patient stand on one foot on a piece of foam and maintain his balance.

Of the following, which is the most effective way to improve muscle endurance? A. Have the patient train on an isokinetic dynamometer at fast speeds only B. Have the patient train using dynamic exercise against submaximal loads over progressively longer time periods C. Have the patient exercise against maximal resistance for a limited number of repetitions D. Have the patient train by using isometric exercises against resistance

Have the patient train using dynamic exercise against submaximal loads over progressively longer time periods

You are designing an exercise program for a patient with a history of hypertension. Which of the following types of exercise is associated with the highest risk of causing an increase in blood pressure during exercise? A. Isokinetic exercise at medium to fast velocities B. High-effort isometric exercise C. Muscle setting exercises D. High-effort dynamic resistance exercise

High-effort isometric exercise

Individuals with somatosensory deficits in the lower extremities, such as peripheral polyneuropathies, tend to use which of the following motor strategies in response to balance disturbances? A. Ankle strategy B. Hip strategy C. Stepping strategy D. Suspensory strategy

Hip strategy

FABER Test/Patrick's Test

Hip, Lumbar, or SI Pathology Patient is positioned supine Patient's leg is placed in a figure 4 position Stabilize the pelvis at the ASIS Slightly and gradually apply a direct force into abduction and external rotation until end range of motion is achieved SI joint pain on ER= Sacroiliac dysfunction Groin pain on ER= iliopsoas strain or bursitis Posterior Hip pain on ER=Posterior hip impingement

A patient had surgery and 8 weeks of rehabilitation for carpal tunnel syndrome. You notice that the patient's thenar eminence is almost the same size as that of the uninvolved hand. This change is due to which of the following adaptive changes? A. Increased recruitment of motor units B. Hyperplasia of muscle fibers C. Hypertrophy of muscle fibers D. Fiber-type transformation

Hypertrophy of muscle fibers

Muscle guarding is best treated by: A. Applying modalities and then massaging the muscle. B. Identifying and treating the cause of the guarding. C. Gentle muscle setting exercises with the muscle in a shortened position. D. Massaging the muscle.

Identifying and treating the cause of the guarding.

Stepping Strategy

If a large force displaces the COM beyond the limits of stability, a forward or backward step is used to enlarge the BOS and regain balance control

Which of the following is a correct statement about maximum heart rate and exercise heart rate? A. The most accurate method of determining maximum heart rate is by using the formula 220 minus age. B. Karvonen's formula (heart rate reserve) is used to determine maximum heart rate. C. If a young or middle-aged individual is carefully screened and has been jogging or running for some time, it is appropriate to use the results of a submaximal field test to determine maximum heart rate. D. Individuals with cardiopulmonary disease should have a target exercise heart rate of at least 70% of their maximum heart rate.

If a young or middle-aged individual is carefully screened and has been jogging or running for some time, it is appropriate to use the results of a submaximal field test to determine maximum heart rate.

Goals of Chronic (Maturation/remodeling) stage of soft tissue healing:

Increase tensile quality of scar: progressive strengthening and endurance exercises. Develop functional independence: functional exercises and specificity drills.

If the strength of a muscle is "good" (grade 4/5) and active ROM cannot be done, repetitive muscle setting exercises will accomplish each of the following except: A. Maintain mobility between muscle fibers. B. Develop or maintain an awareness of the sensation of a muscle contraction. C. Increase the strength in the muscle. D. Enhance circulation within the muscle.

Increase the strength in the muscle.

Within 1 week of beginning resistance exercise of the shoulder external rotators as a component of a rehabilitation program after a shoulder injury, your patient, Mr. K, is able to increase the level of resistance by using a heavier grade of elastic tubing. This improvement in muscle performance is due primarily to which of the following adaptive changes? A. Increased recruitment of motor units B. Increased oxygen to the muscle C. Hypertrophy of muscle fibers D. Fiber-type transformation from slow twitch to fast twitch

Increased recruitment of motor units

Exercise programs developed specifically to increase strength will require a progression that focuses on: A. Increasing the number of repetitions. B. Increasing the resistance. C. Increasing the speed of performance. D. Increasing the duration of the exercise.

Increasing the resistance.

As part of the treatment program to improve a patient's balance, you decide to utilize a balance training program recommended by Nitz and Choy. The components of this program include: A. Group exercises that consist of practicing standing postures and walking and perturbation training. B. Individual and group exercises emphasizing dynamic and multisensory activities delivered in a circuit mode. C. Group exercises consisting of stretching, strengthening, and coordination exercises; body mechanics; survival training; and walking. D. Home program consisting of lower and upper extremity exercises in sitting and standing positions.

Individual and group exercises emphasizing dynamic and multisensory activities delivered in a circuit mode.

Contraindications to the use of plyometrics include all of the following except: A. Individuals under 10 years or over 70 years. B. Painful joints. C. Acute inflammation. D. Unstable joints.

Individuals under 10 years or over 70 years.

All of the following are considerations for interventions when establishing a rehabilitation program for a patient diagnosed with chronic inflammation resulting from repetitive trauma except: A. Tissues subjected to repetitive trauma may never completely heal. B. Connective tissue sustains structural weakening as a result of the perpetuated inflammatory tissue response. C. Initiation of resistance exercise should begin with eccentric (muscle lengthening) techniques as soon as pain subsides to avoid tissue contracture. D. Inflammatory response must first be managed by controlling the inflammation with modalities or other conservative measures.

Initiation of resistance exercise should begin with eccentric (muscle lengthening) techniques as soon as pain subsides to avoid tissue contracture.

Each of the following is true about the inpatient cardiac rehabilitation program for a patient who has had a myocardial infarction except: A. Inpatient phase begins after the patient's cardiovascular status has been stabilized and while the patient is hospitalized. B. Inpatient cardiac rehabilitation usually lasts at least 7-10 days. C. A purpose of cardiac rehabilitation while the patient is still hospitalized is to initiate patient education about reducing risk factors. D. Inpatient cardiac rehabilitation often involves manually monitoring the heart rate, ventilation, and blood pressure and electrocardiographically monitoring the heart during standing activities and low-intensity supervised ambulation.

Inpatient cardiac rehabilitation usually lasts at least 7-10 days

To effectively manage soft tissue lesions during the subacute stage of tissue healing, the role of the therapist is critical. The objective of treatment during the moderate protection/controlled motion phase of rehabilitation should be to: A. Control the pain and inflammation. B. Encourage the patient to permanently stop doing the activity that caused the injury. C. Maintain passive range of motion (PROM). D. Introduce and progress stretching to increase mobility and alignment of newly forming scar tissue.

Introduce and progress stretching to increase mobility and alignment of newly forming scar tissue.

Each of the following is characteristic of DOMS except: A. Tends to peak 48 to 72 hours after the conclusion of high-intensity exercise. B. Increased soreness seen during passive lengthening of the involved muscle groups. C. Occurs more frequently after eccentric exercise than isometric exercise. D. Is believed to be caused by postexercise muscle spasm.

Is believed to be caused by postexercise muscle spasm.

A carefully planned exercise program includes three components: the warm-up, aerobic period, and the cool-down. Which of the following is a true statement about an exercise program that is carefully planned? A. It can slow the decrease in functional capacity of the elderly individual. B. The cool-down period is intended to encourage rapid return of blood to the extremities. C. A program of continuous training is the most effective way to improve aerobic conditioning. D. Venous return is reduced during the warm-up period as blood flow is shifted centrally from the periphery.

It can slow the decrease in functional capacity of the elderly individual.

Aerobic exercise training (cardiorespiratory endurance) is defined as improvement in the energy utilization of the muscle by means of an exercise program. Which of the following is true of this type of training? A. It is dependent on sufficient intensity, time, and frequency of exercise. B. A person with an initial high level of fitness has more potential to improve than one with a low level of fitness. C. It produces significant crossover effects from one physical activity to another. D. It requires at least 6 months of progressive training for evidence of improvement.

It is dependent on sufficient intensity, time, and frequency of exercise.

A patient referred to you in your home-health practice needs to spend the next 8 weeks on bed rest because of complications of pregnancy. You design an exercise program to reduce the adverse effects of prolonged bed rest. Which of the following is least likely to occur as the result of deconditioning from prolonged bed rest? A. Loss of muscle mass B. Orthostatic hypotension C. Decreased bone mineral density D. Laxity of ligaments

Laxity of ligaments

Which of the following terms is defined as "the sway boundaries in which an individual can maintain equilibrium without changing his/her base of support"? A. Center of mass B. Limits of stability C. Limits of pressure D. Center of gravity

Limits of stability

Which of the following is true regarding isokinetic exercise? A. Joint compressive forces increase with increased velocity of exercise. B. Load is dependent on the velocity of limb movement through the arc of motion. C. Slow-velocity training is more appropriate for carryover to functional activities than medium and fast velocities. D. Depending on the type of isokinetic dynamometer used, the rate of limb movement may range from 0° to 500° per minute.

Load is dependent on the velocity of limb movement through the arc of motion.

Which of the following types of active exercises are the most appropriate to use first during the acute phase of healing after a muscle injury? A. Submaximal isokinetic concentric exercise at slow velocities B. Active ROM exercises C. Multiple-angle isometrics against manual resistance D. Low-intensity muscle setting

Low-intensity muscle setting

Static Balance control

Maintain a stable antigravity position while at rest (standing at sitting)

Automatic postural reactions

Maintain balance in response to unexpected external perturbations such as standing on a bus that suddenly accelerates forward

Passive ROM and grade I or II joint-mobilization techniques are appropriate during the acute stage of soft tissue healing. What do these interventions have in common when used during this stage? A. Include movements into tissue resistance B. Affect muscle, ligament, and capsular tissue around the site of injury equally C. Maintain fluid dynamics and nutrition in a joint D. Used to increase ROM

Maintain fluid dynamics and nutrition in a joint

Soft Tissue Injury Chronic Stage is also known as

Maturation and remodeling Return to function

What occurs in the Chronic/ Maturation and Remodeling stage of soft tissue healing?

Maturation of connective tissue Contracture of scar tissue remodeling of scar collagen aligns to stress

The ability of the body to transport and use oxygen during physical and aerobic activities is an indicator of physical fitness and is measured most commonly using which unit of measure? A. Metabolic equivalents (METs) B. Kilocalorie C. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) D. Blood pressure and heart rate

Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max)

Apley Compression Test

Meniscus Tears Patient lies prone Knee flexed to 90° Examiner anchors the patient's thigh with the examiner's knee Examiner medially and laterally rotates the tibia, combined with distraction first noting any restriction, excessive movement, or discomfort=ligamentous lesion Examiner medially and laterally rotates the tibia combined with compression with pain or decreased rotation relative to the normal side=meniscus injury

If resting heart rate is between these two numbers, therapy should stop.

More than 130bpm or less than 40 bpm

If there is a fall in systolic pressure greater than ____________, you should stop therapy.

More than 20mm Hg

At which heart rate would you stop therapy?

More than 220-age

A patient has mild joint swelling and pain during active ROM, but resisted tests of the muscles that cross the swollen joints do not cause pain. Your goal is to maintain or possibly increase strength through the available ROM. The most appropriate choice of exercise is: A. Muscle setting exercises at the end of the ROM. B. High-velocity isokinetic exercise. C. Multiple-angle isometric exercise against resistance. D. Eccentric/concentric, closed-chain exercise against body weight throughout the ROM.

Multiple-angle isometric exercise against resistance.

Which of the following statements is correct about the use of arm exercises (upper extremity ergometry) versus leg exercises (treadmill walking, bicycling) in a cardiac rehabilitation program? A. There are no differences in responses of the cardiopulmonary system with arm exercises versus leg exercises. B. Myocardial O2 consumption (heart rate × systolic blood pressure) is higher with arm exercises than with leg exercises. C. Myocardial efficiency is lower with arm exercises than with leg exercises. D. Patients with coronary artery disease typically are able to complete less work with leg exercises than arm exercises before symptoms occur.

Myocardial O2 consumption (heart rate × systolic blood pressure) is higher with arm exercises than with leg exercises.

Feedforward control

Open loop motor control is utilized for movements that occur too fast to rely on sensory feedback or for anticipatory aspects of postural control