Religion 105- Weider Midterm
Inspiration
A divine influence towards the bible
Pantheism
God and the world are the same thing
Anthropocentric
man centered perspective
Ad-Homenim
(to the man) Seeking to discredit a person's argument by attacking their personal character, origin, associations, etc.
Pragmatism
A utilitarian philosophical belief that he end justifies the means
"To say that anything is ________ essentially means that it is not up to us or anyone else to make up the rules as we go along," according to the author.
Absolute
Honeycutt believed "We should be mature enough to trust His (God's) love and wisdom in providing boundaries with His ________ rules for our lives, even though we may not understand them fully."
Absolute
Honeycutt explained, "The exception clause 'as long as nobody gets hurt' reveals an underlying belief in the ________ value of human beings and a universal belief that our freedom to do, 'whatever we want' is not unlimited."
Absolute
Honeycutt stated that everyone you meet believes in ________ truth.
Absolute
According to the author, "We have demonstrated beyond all reasonable doubt that moral __________ do exist."
Absolutes
Honeycutt believed, "...As we encounter people who make the claim that there are 'no __________ ,' we can do numerous things to guide them."
Absolutes
The author highlighted that, "We have already seen how not believing in ________ is not logically defensible, and in the end a belief impossible to live out."
Absolutes
Legalism
Adding requirements for salvation beyond faith and repentance, Making human preferences necessary for salvation or holy living, which are not specifically required by scripture
Sensual Hedonism
All about bodily pleasure-- "I wonder how far I will get with this girl"
Syncretism
An indiscriminate blending of values and concepts from opposing systems
Appeal to authority
Appealing to the opinion of a person who agrees with yours because they are generally respected by the audience, but have no real authority on the topic at hand
Slippery Slope
Arguing against an action on the unsupported assertion that it will be inevitably lead to a much worse condition
False Analogy
Arguing on the basis of a comparison of unrelated things
The article seeks to answer the question: Is it possible to have true morality without a _________ in God?
Belief
The author believed "There are real benefits to boundaries, in fact, boundaries can be __________."
Blessings
They are eager to learn from the experiences of others
Characteristic of Critical Thinking
They base their opinions and judgements on evidence
Characteristic of Critical Thinking
They constantly evaluate their own Attitudes, Values, and opinions
Characteristic of Critical Thinking
They do not blindly adhere to tradition
Characteristic of Critical Thinking
They do not pretend to know what they do not know
Characteristic of Critical Thinking
They look forward to fallacies in the arguments of others
Characteristic of Critical Thinking
They resist and refuse to use manipulation
Characteristic of Critical Thinking
They seek clarification of terms
Characteristic of Critical Thinking
They understand that having a right to an opinion does not mean the every opinion is right, including their own
Characteristic of Critical Thinking
they explore the many sides of an issue
Characteristic of Critical Thinking
Appeal to Ignorance
Claiming that something is true simply because it cannot be disproved, or that something is untrue simply because it cannot be proved
Oversimplification
Concluding that an effect has only one cause when it is really the result of multiple causes
Understanding the _________ is necessary in the process of critical thinking.
Context
Cotton suggested that the Nazi holocaust began with a subtle shift in attitude that judged the value of people based upon their _____________ to the state.
Cost/benefit ratio
The author suggested, "being able to _________ ____________ and to intelligently challenge incorrect thinking is essential in the process of making wise decisions in life."
Critically Think
Hedonism
Defines pleasure and pain according to the human condition and sensory input alone. No other measure of Good versus Evil
Rational Hedonism
Do what brings you pleasure rationally-- "You're eating too much and it is wrong"
Relativism as a moral system does not revise the standard, but seeks to redefine what it means to be moral, measuring it by the same existing standard. (p. 2). (True/False)
False
The author suggests that there are two truths: subjective truth and negative truth. (p. 1). (True/False)
False
Genetic Fallacy
Giving credit to a position or supporting a claim because of the origin of the position when such an appeal to origin is irrelevant
Theism
God exists, was the creator of the world, and is personally involved with his creation . God operates through natural law but can and does intervene with the affairs of mankind.
Bandwagon
Justifying a course of action just because everyone else is doing it
Romans 14
Key passage on Christian Liberty
Selective Perception
Looking only for things that support our current ideas, and ignoring evidence that does not.
Overgeneralization (stereotyping)
Making a judgement about an entire group based on behavior, most undesirable, of a few from that group
Hasty Conclusion
Making a judgement ono the basis of one or even a few samples
Subjectivism
No absolute truths
"Everyone has a right to share their _______ about a particular issue, but all _______ s must be scrutinized to determine how much credence one should give to that particular _______," instructed the author.
Opinion
False Dilemma
Oversimplifying a complex issue to make it appear that only two alternatives are possible
The author explained that "We often have to set aside our _________ to think clearly, to think critically, in order to make wise decisions."
Passion
Red Herring
Raising an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the primary issue. This argument appeals to a person's fears or sense of pity.
According to the author, if you want to be a balanced 'critical' thinker, it is imperative that you follow these three important steps.
Rehearse, Reflect, and reason
Law of non-contradiction
Something cannot both exist and not exist or be true and false at the same time, in the same way
Sweeping Generalization
Stating a general principle and then applying it in a specific case as though it were a universal rule
Proof-Texting
Taking scripture out of context to support a personal interpretation
The author suggests that in order for people to find true ethical standards, they must follow __________.
The Bible
According to the author, man would not be able to make the distinction between right and wrong if he did not have __________________.
The image of God
Naturalism
The only reality exists in the natural realm
Theocentric
The reality of God will be at the center of all he evaluates and analyzes
Nihilism
There is no meaning in life
According to the article, the world is building an ethical system based on __________.
Tolerance
"A man who beats his wife is not simply incorrect, but immoral" (p. 1) according to the author. (True/False)
True
"Humans take the moral assumption quite seriously, and because of it acknowledge and submit to laws to protect people and put punishments in place for those who violate human dignity," according to Honeycutt. (True/False)
True
"Relativism does not require a particular behavior for everyone in similar moral situations." (p. 2) according to Koukl. (True/False)
True
According to Cotton, basing morality on human values means we have bought into a system of relativism. (True/False)
True
According to the author, a moral neutral ground is a place of complete impartiality where no judgments or any 'forcing' of personal views are allowed (p. 3). (True/False)
True
According to the reading, "moral absolutism holds that a moral rule is true regardless of whether anyone believes it" (p. 2). (True/False)
True
Cotton believes that a consensus of ethical norms apart from the supervision of God will eventually erode. (True/False)
True
Critical thinking is a self-guided, self-disciplined process which directs individuals to think correctly about themselves and the world around them (True/False)
True
Honeycutt stated, "The biblical worldview has the strongest basis for the assumption that even unbelievers normally hold because it tells us that God created us and we are not the products of impersonal forces in the universe." (True/False)
True
Koukl believed "a moral relativist decides for him/herself whatever he/she thinks is best. " (p. 2). (True/False)
True
Koukl indicated that there are two (2) kinds of "ought" statements—one the moral ought and the other the rational ought." (p. 1). (True/False)
True
One habit to becoming a better critical thinker according to the author is "Do not pretend to know what you do not know." (True/False)
True
Personal experience does not matter in critical thinking (True/False)
True
The author highlighted that, "Relativism rejects all universal moral rules and abandons the idea of oughtness" (p. 2). (True/False)
True
The author suggested that in the past, efforts by Christians to use political or economic power to advance the Kingdom of God have been largely unsuccessful. (True/False)
True
The author suggests that relativism today has produced a "profound moral illiteracy" (p. 4). (True/False)
True
The author indicated that, "Humans have the _________ ability to think and to make discriminating choices."
Unique
Cotton explained that many people today believe that God is, at best, __________, and at worst, an __________ task master.
Unnecessary; intolerant
Atheism
an absence in the belief of deities
Naturalistic fallacy (Is/ought fallacy)
concluding about the way things ought to be simply on the basis of how things are or are assumed to be
Straw Man
misrepresenting a position to make it seem weaker than it really is or to demonize the position to make it sound worse than it is and then to act as if the argument has been won when the real issue hasn't even been addressed