Religion Chapter 5 Review

What is the prophecy that Isaiah gives to wicked King Ahaz?

"Behold, a young woman shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel..."

The word "Pharisee" some from the Hebrew word "Perushim," which means ______

"the separated"

When Nebuchadnezzar had had enough of rebellious Jerusalem, he came and destroyed it. When did this happen?

587 BC

Who conquered most of the known world of that time around 333 BC?

Alexander the Great

What is an apostasy, and why would death be preferable to it?

Apostasy is turning away from the worship of the One True God. Since doing so old result in eternal damnation, it would be better to suffer martyrdom and lose life in this world so as to gain eternal life in the world that is to come.

Most Christians are at least aware of the Jewish feast of Hanukkah because it is celebrated near the Christian feast of Christmas. What does Hanukkah celebrate?

Celebrates Judas Maccabeus and his brothers liberating, cleansing, and rededicating the Temple after the desecrations and profanations of Antiochus IV

The Book of ______ was key to the reforms of King ______

Deuteronomy , Josiah

When were many books of the Old Testament edited in their final forms?

During the Babylonian Exile.

What are some examples of the new persecution that broke out against the Jews under Antiochus?

Everyone, including the Jews, were required to take part in pagan sacrifices. This might include being forced to eat meat that the Law of Moses prohibited. Mothers were murdered for circumcising their sons, and old men were killed for refusing to eat unclean foods. Antiochus then capped everything off by desecrating the Temple

Who edited the standard version of the Torah after the return from exile?

Ezra.

According to Isaiah, what unlikely place would be made glorious "in the later time?"

Galilee would be made glorious.

Isaiah correctly warns the people of the wrath that is to come if they don not repent. Why did the people have hope that God would never adandon them?

God made some unconditional promises to David that he would not go back on.

What important edict did Cyrus issue in the first year of his reign?

He allowed the Jews to return to Judah.

What happened when Manasseh was taken away by the Assyrians?

He converted and returned to undo the wrong he had done

What surprising title is given to Cyrus in the book of Isaiah?

He is called the Lord's annointed,mor messiah.

How did Josiah react when he found out that Judah was to be punished by God?

He read aloud the Book of the Law and started a great reform.

How much did Nehemiah take for his salary as governor?

He took nothing.

How did King Manasseh begin his reign?

He undid his father's reforms and established Pagan worship

What did God desire from the Israelites at the time of Zechariah?

He wanted righteousness

How old was Alexander the Great when he died, and from what did he die?

He was 33 years old, and he died from a fever

What is the name of Ahaz's son, and why does he appear to be the one to fulfill Isaiah's prophecy?

His name is Hezekiah, and by his reforms and the bettering of life in Judah at the time of his birth, he appears to have fulfilled the prophecy.

What caused Manasseh to abandon his evil ways? What did he do after he repented?

In captivity under the Assyrians, he repents. Once back in Jerusalem, he destroys whatever exists of the pagan cults he helped establish. He made sacrifices of thanksgiving in the Temple.

What brings the history of the northern kingdom of Israel to an end, and when does this happen?

Israel was conquered by the Assyrians in 722 BC.

How long did Nebuchadnezzar's empire last after he died?

It took about one generation for the Babylonian Empire to crumble

Why did the Jews begin to call their religion "Judaism"?

It was to differentiate it from Hellenism

Who does Isaiah's prophecy really point to?

Jesus

Who was known as the great reformer?

Josiah was the great reformer.

Which one of Matthias' sons was the most talented soldier?

Judas Maccabeus

How did Jewish culture flourish during the time of the Exile?

Many of the Books of the Old Testament were edited in their final forms during the Exile. They wrote their history from the point of view of a people who had lost everything by disobeying God.

Why was Ezra so adamant about the people not taking pagan wives?

Pagan wives had usually led to Israel's infidelity.

The main religious problem in Jerusalem durin the time of the Prohpet Nehemiah was not ______, but rather ______. This was manifested by what?

Pagan worship , hypocrisy. The rich would buy and sell their neighbors and then make a small offering to God in the Temple, as if that made everything acceptable to God.

What were some of the crimes of King Manasseh?

Restored all foreign idols that Hezekiah destroyed, defiled the Temple with pagan altars and images, burned his own sons as sacrifices to the false gods, and massacred people who insisted on staying true to God.

In a word, what did God really want from his people?

Righteousness. He wanted people to be just, fair, compassionate, and kind to one another, especially to the poor

What were the people called who did not believe in the ressurection of the dead?

Sadducees

What did some of the Jews at this time believe happened after death?

Some believed in a ressurection of the dead. Those who had lived a good life on earth would be rewarded with eternal life in heaven. Those who had been wicked would not recieve this reward. There would be a ressurection of the body as well.

How do the Assyrians deal with the people of Israel?

Some poor farmers are left to till the ground, while the leading citizens are dispersed throughout the Assyrian Empire.

Who was Hezekiah?

The King of Judah who led reforms with the help of Isaiah.

What important Christian doctrines are described in 2 Maccabees?

The doctrines of the ressurection, prayers for the dead, and purgatory are described

By this time, what is all that is left of David's kingdom?

The kingdom of Judah, consisting of the large tribe of Judah and the small tribe of Benjamin, is all that remains.

Who were the Samaritans?

The people from the Assyrian Empire who settled the towns around Samaria and mixed with the Israelites.

Why did Hezekiah destroy Moses' bronze serpent?

The people had begun to worship it as a god.

What was the main theme of Isaiah's prophecy?

The theme is repentance and the judgement to come with it.

That initial efforts of the Maccabees were unorganized and had little chance for success. Why did people join the resistance, then?

They believed that it was better to die than to be unfaithful to God

Where did the remnant of Judah flew after the leading citizens had been deported to Babylon?

They fled to Egypt.

What important discovery did the priests make during Josiah's reign?

They found the Book of the Law (Book of Deuteronomy)

How did the Persians differ from the Babylonians in their style of ruling the peoples they conquered?

They tried to inspire loyalty in conquered people by allowing them to keep their customs and worship in their own ways.

What was the outcome for many of the poor citizens of Jerusalem who escaped their slavery in Babylon?

They were forced into indentured servitude to the wealthy Jews of Jerusalem

What were some of the advances being made during this time in Greek culture?

They were getting rich through commerce. The arts (poetry, sculpture, philosophy, theatre, and literature) were all thriving

Why did people have mixed reactions toward rebuilding the Temple?

They were happy to have rebuilt the Temple, but disappointed that it was not as great as Solomon's Temple.

What was unacceptable about the sacrifices that some people were making to God during this time?

They were sacrificing their sick and defective livestock, not the best.

What was the prophet Ezra's dream?

To restore a purified Israel in the Promised Land

When we study history, what is the word that we use to describe Greek culture and civilization, and from where does it come?

We use the word "Hellenism" because the Greeks called themselves the "Hellenes." So we will speak of "Hellenistic art" or "Hellenistic philosophy" etc..

What two great things does Cyrus of Persia do for the exiled Jews?

a. He allows them to return to Jerusalem b. He tells them to rebuild their temple and to send him the bill

From what two major deficiencies would the new Temple suffer?

a. It would not be nearly as magnificent as Solomon's Temple b. The Ark of the Covenant would not be there -- the Holy of Holies would be an empty space

After some time, the kingdom was once again divided between which two powerful factions?

a. Pharisees b. Sadducees

What were three of the benefits that the world enjoyed under the Pax Romana?

a. The political state of the world was stable b. Travel throughout the empire was easy c. The system of currency and laws was consistent throughout the empire