Reproductive System

What hormone is responsible for development of male reproductive anatomy, spermatogenesis, and the appearance of male secondary sex characteristics?

testosterone

The most important androgen is ____.

tetosterone

The fornices are part of which organ

Vagina

What is the name of the fringe-like projections extending from the infundibulum of a uterine tube?

fimbriae

As follicle matures, its primary oocyte undergoes meiosis I, giving rise to a secondary oocyte and the ____ polar body.

first

During oogenesis, the primary oocyte divides, forming a secondary oocyte and a small nonviable (unable to survive) daughter cell. What is the name of the nonviable cell?

first polar body

What two terms mean breast?

mamm- and mast-

A ____ or graafian follicle is about 20 millimetres in diameter, and contains an antrum and a secondary oocyte.

mature

The cortex of the ovary is the ____ layer.

outer

The ____ ligament attaches the medial pole of the ovary to the uterus.

ovarian

Name the solid, ovoid organs of the female reproductive system, located in shallow depression in the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity.

ovaries

The primary source estrogens in a nonpregnant female is the ____.

ovaries

What are the primary sex organs in females called?

ovaries

The developing female gametes, as they progress through the meiosis I, are called ____.

primary oocytes

What is the function of the vagina?

Passageway for the fetus during birth

True or false: Polar bodies have no function

True

Which ligaments attach the posterior side of the uterus to the sacrum?

uterosacral ligaments

The ____ is the muscular organ that opens into the vagina and functions to the harbor the fetus during pregnancy.

uterus

The fornices are part of which organ?

vagina

The wall of the ____ has three layers. The inner mucosal layer is stratified squamous epithelium that lacks mucous glands. The middle muscular layer consists of muscle fibers. The outer layer of dense connective attaches it to surrounding organs.

vagina

Name the transverse ridges found in the vagina.

vaginal rugae

The ____ are paired masses of erectile tissue deep to the mucosa of the vestibule.

vestibular bulbs

Name the space enclosed by the labia minora

vestibule

A single-celled , fertilized ovum is called a(n) ____.

zygote

A primary oocyte is stimulated to continue meiosis. The resultant cell has ____ chromosomes.

23

Describe the broad ligament

A fold of peritoneum extending from lateral uterus to pelvic wall that attaches to the ovaries and uterine tube

Which is true regarding the time line of follicular development?

It is an ongoing process, with one mature follicle read to ovulate every 28 days

What are the two large skin folds that usually come together to protect the other external reproductive organs?

Labia majora

Where do both male and female gonads develop initially?

Near the kidneys

What is an antrum within a follicle of an ovary?

The fluid filled cavity in a mature follicle

Describe the follicle that is classified as a dominant follicle

The follicle that outpaces all others and will be ovulated

Describe the function of the greater vestibule glands.

The glands produce a lubricating secretion

Describe the fundus

The large rounded superior part of the uterus

List three female accessory sex organs.

The vagina, the uterine tubes, the uterus

True or false: Both male and female gonads initially develop near the kidneys in the fetus.

True

What is the suspensory ligament?

attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall

What is located in the medulla of the ovary?

blood vessels and nerves

The ____ ligaments (also called the lateral cervical ligaments) support both the cervix and superior portion of the vagina.

cardinal

What is the name for the most inferior part of the uterus, extending into the upper vagina?

cervix

The ____ is a projection at the anterior end of the vulva. It contains two columns of erectile tissue called corpora cavernosa, and it richly supplied with sensory fibers.

clitoris

The erectile organ of the female genitalia is called ____.

clitoris

List three components of the vulva

clitoris, labia majora and minora

indicate three structures found within the vestibule

clitoris, urethral orifice, and vaginal orifice

Name the layer of cells that surrounds the zona and the oocyte in mature follicles

corona radiata

The outermost region or layer of the ovary where the oocytes develop is called the ____.

cortex

The number of oocytes in the ovary steadily ____ from birth to menopause.

decreases

In most reproductive cells, testosterone is first converted into what other androgen?

dihydrotestosterone

The meaning of the prefix "oo-" is a(n) ____.

egg

Name the innermost layer (the mucosa) of the uterine wall.

endometrium

The hormone ____ is primarily responsible for maintenance of female secondary sex characterisitics.

estrogen

The ovaries secrete the female sex hormones group called ____, estradiol being the most abundant.

estrogen

Which hormone is secreted in large amounts at puberty and is responsible for enlargement of reproductive organs, thickening of the endometrium and development of breast tissue.

estrogen

Identify three functions of the organs of the female reproductive system.

facilitate the development of the offspring, produce female sex organs, produce and maintain female sex cells

A blind pouch at the superior end of the vagina that extends beyond the cervix is called a ____.

fornix

What is the zona pellucida?

glycoprotein layer surrounding an oocyte

The cells forming the stratified layers around a secondary follicle are called ____ cells.

granulosa

The thin sheath of connective tissue that partially covers the vaginal orifice is the ____.

hymen

Select the external accessory organs or the female reproductive system

labia majora and minora, vestibular glands, and clitoris

The ____ are thin, hairless folds of skin medial to the ____.

labia minora; labia majora

What is the name of the process that results in formation of the female gametes by meiosis?

ogenesis

The root word that means egg is ____.

oo

The ovarian stem cells that generate oocytes are ____.

oogonia

What cell type gives rise to primary oocytes?

oogonia

Which term refers to ovarian stem cells that give rise to oocytes.

oogonia

The ____ is the pleasurable sensation of physiological and psychological release, during which spinal reflexes cause contraction of the muscles of the perineum, uterine wall and uterine tubes.

orgasm

The process of ____ involves the rupture of the mature follicle and the release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body.

ovulation

What test utilizes cells sampled from the cervix to detect potential cancer?

pap smear

The serous layer of the uterus is the ____.

perimetrium

With each reproductive cycle, some primordial follicles first mature into ____.

primary follicles

What ligament is a flattened band that connects the superior uterus to the anterior pelvic wall?

round ligament

The formation of the ____ polar body occurs only if the secondary oocyte is fertilized.

second

A ____ is found within a mature antral follicle. It is a large, spherical cell, surrounded by a layer of glycoprotein (zona pellucida) and attached to a layer of follicular cells (corona radiata).

secondary oocyte

During meiosis I of oogensis, the cytoplasm divides unequally resulting in a large ____ oocyte and a small ____ polar body.

secondary; first

Which term refers to the connective tissue capsule of the ovaries?

tunica albuginea

The result of first meiotic division is a(n) ____ divided cells called a(n) ____ and a(n) ____.

unequally; secondary oocyte; first polar body

Sperm needs to reach the ____ in order to fertilize the oocyte.

uterine tube

What are the long passageways between the ovaries and the uterus called?

uterine tubes