Research Final

Interview questions should:

Be delivered in a neutral tone

The Kappa statistic:

Compares the level of agreement between two judges against what might have been predicted by chance

When people are readily available, volunteer, or are easily recruited to the sample, this is called:

Convenience sampling

A qualitative research problem statement:

Conveys a sense of emerging design

The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of:

Cost and time required to conduct the study Access to gatekeepers and respondents Potential ethical concerns All of the above

Which term measures the extent to which scores from a test can be used to infer or predict performance in some activity?

Criterion-related validity

Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?

Deductive reasoning

Which part of a research report contains details of how the research was planned and conducted?

Design

Which of the following is a good research question?

Do students with high levels of self-efficacy demonstrate more active job searching behaviours?

The 'reliability'of a measure refers to the researcher asking:

Does it give consistent results?

A radical perspective on ethics suggests that:

Ethics should be based on self-reflexivity

A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence job-seeking behaviours. The main purpose of the study was:

Explanation

Cyber bullying at work is a growing threat to employee job satisfaction. Researchers want to find out why people do this and how they feel about it. The primary purpose of the study is:

Explorationn

Qualitative data analysis programs are useful for each of the following EXCEPT:

Generating codes

Which of the following can be described as a nominal variable?

Geographical location of a firm

Secondary data can include which of the following?

Government statistics Personal diaries Organizational records

Sometimes a comprehensive review of the literature prior to data collection is not recommended by:

Grounded theory

Interviewing is the favoured approach EXCEPT when:

High numbers of respondents are needed

In conducting secondary data analysis, researchers should ask themselves all of the following EXCEPT:

How can respondents be re-interviewed?

In preparing for a presentation, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

Ignore your nerves

Which research method is a bottom-up approach to research?

Inductive Reasoning

A study of teaching professionals posits that their performance-related pay increases their motivation which in turn leads to an increase in their job satisfaction. What kind of variable is 'motivation"' in this study?

Intervening

One advantage of using a questionnaire is that:

Interview bias can be avoided

A theory:

Is an accumulated body of knowledge

Which of the following should not be a criterion for a good research project?

Is dependent on the completion of other projects

Which of the following is true of observations?

It is often not possible to determine exactly why people behave as they do

Which of the following are not true of reflexivity?

It is part of a post-positivist tradition

Qualitative research is used in all the following circumstances, EXCEPT:

It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest

In qualitative research, sampling that involves selecting diverse cases is referred to as:

Maximum variation sampling

The significance level

Measures the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis

Research that uses qualitative methods for one phase and quantitative methods for the next phase is known as:

Mixed-method research

Which research approach is based on the epistemological viewpoint of pragmatism?

Mixed-methods research

Validity in interviews is strengthened by the following EXCEPT:

Multiple questions cover the same theme

Which of the following is incorrect when naming a variable in SPSS?

Must end in a full stop

Which of the following techniques yields a simple random sample of hospitals?

Numbering all the elements of a hospital sampling frame and then using a random number generator to pick hospitals from the table

Plagiarism can be avoided by:

Paraphrasing the author's text in your own words

Which of the following is not always true about focus groups?

Participants should come from diverse backgrounds

A test accurately indicates an employee's scores on a future criterion (e.g., conscientiousness). What kind of validity is this?

Predictive

When conducting an interview, asking questions such as: "What else? or 'Could you expand on that?' are all forms of:

Probes

A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions allows the researcher to :

Provide an up-to-date understanding of the subject, its significance, and structure Guide the development of research questions Present the kinds of research methodologies used in previous studies All the above

In preparing for a viva or similar oral examination, it is best if you have:

Published and referenced your own article(s)

Which research paradigm is most concerned about generalizing its findings?

Quantitative research

To predict the value of the dependent variable for a new case based on the knowledge of one or more independent variables, we would use

Regression analysis

Which of the following is not ethical practice in research with humans?

Requiring participants to continue until the study has been completed

Ethical problems can arise when researching the Internet because:

Respondents may fake their identities

What do we call data that are used for a new study but which were collected by an earlier researcher for a different set of research questions?

Secondary data

Research hypotheses are:

Statements of predicted relationships between variables

Grounded theory coding:

Stops when theoretical saturation has been reached

The purpose of descriptive statistics is to:

Summarize the characteristics of a data set

All of the following are advantages of structured observation, EXCEPT:

The coding schedule might impose a framework on what is being observed

In an experiment, the group that does not receive the intervention is called:

The control group

A disadvantage of using secondary data is that:

The data may have been collected with reference to research questions that are not those of the researcher

Which of the following is not true about visual methods?

The have low resource requirements

The key defining characteristic of experimental research is that:

The independent variable is manipulated

A Type 1 error occurs in a situation where:

The null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true

All of the following are sources of secondary data EXCEPT:

The researcher's research diary

Which of the following statements are true?

The smaller the sample size, the greater the sampling error

The measure of the extent to which responses vary from the mean is called:

The standard deviation

All the following are strengths of focus groups EXCEPT:

They help maintain confidentiality

Validity in qualitative research can be strengthened by all of the following EXCEPT:

Transcribing interviews to improve accuracy of data

A positive correlation occurs when:

Two variables move in the same direction

Avoiding naïve empiricism in the interpretation of visual data means:

Understanding the context in which they were produced

When designing a questionnaire it is important to do each of the following EXCEPT

Use leading questions

You can create interest in your presentation by:

Using metaphors

How much confidence should you place in a single research study?

You should trust research findings after different researchers have replicated the findings

A graph that uses vertical bars to represent data is called:

a bar chart

Which of the following is not an SPSS Type variable?

word

Which correlation is the strongest?

-1.00

A researcher secretly becomes an active member of a group in order to observe their behaviour. This researcher is acting as:

A covert participant observer

Which of the following will produce the least sampling error?

A large sample based on random sampling

To compare the performance of a group at time T1 and then at T2, we would use:

A paired t-test

When each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected, this is called:

A random probability sample

An ordinal scale is:

A rank-order scale of measurement

Research that seeks to examine the findings of a study by using the same design but a different sample is which of the following?

A replication study

Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by managers and other professionals to address issues in their organizations and/or professional practice?

Action research

A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called:

An independent variable

When interpreting a correlation coefficient expressing the relationship between two variables, it is important not to:

Assume causality

Which generally cannot be guaranteed in conducting qualitative studies in the field?

Assuring anonymity rather than just confidentiality

Active listening skills means:

Attentive listening

Adopting ethical principles in research means:

Avoiding harm to participants