Research Methods Final Exam 2

Which font should be used for APA formatting?

12 pt Times New Roman

To make sure that unintended variables do not confound a study, many procedural variables

are kept constant, or the same, across conditions.

Random error refers to change in the measurement of a variable that can be attributed to

chance

Any factor that is associated with the independent variable and that is not purposely introduced by the researcher is considered a ______ variable.

confounding

Subject variables are

considered to be independent variables that cannot be manipulated.

A loose connection between theory and operational definitions threatens _________ validity.

construct

If test of leadership ability actually measures extraversion, then the test is low in

construct validity.

An oral presentation at a scientific meeting

contains the same parts as a research paper.

The basic idea of external validity is that conclusions based on research

correspond to the actual conditions in the world.

The extent to which scores on a test can be used to predict an individual's likely standing on some other test relates to

criterion validity.

The first step in preparing a research report for publication is to

determine the journal most likely to publish it.

Variables are related to theoretical constructs via

operational definitions.

An abstract summarizes the

problem, method, results, and conclusions.

Because a test itself is not a perfect measure of a particular construct, all measurements contain some level of

random error.

The way to prevent unintentional plagiarism is to

take good notes when preparing to write.

The introduction section of a research article contains

the literature review and hypotheses.

Jolene just got a 17 out of 100 on a psychology test. Her friend Melba tries to cheer her up by pointing out that she should perform better on the next test, simply due to_____

the regression effect.

The methods section of a research paper contains

the research design, procedures, and description of participants, and measurements.

All independent variables have at least _______ levels.

two

Consider the following research title: "Cooperation among nursery school children under two types of instruction." In this study the independent variable is

types of instruction.

APA style now requires using the word participants instead of subjects

when describing humans, except when referring to statistical procedures.

A test is reliable if it

yields the same result on different occasions.

In APA format, the margins are

1"

Which one of the following is not a part of the introduction of a research paper?

An in-depth history of the topic

Authors on a paper are usually listed

in order of their contribution level.

The threat of confounding is particularly serious in research using

subject variables.

Which one of the following is not a part of a reference?

Author's college or university affiliation

Which of the following represents the best title for a paper?

Associations between Facebook activity and alcohol consumption

Which one of the following is not a part of a research paper?

Bibliography

Which one of the following statements does not contain both an independent and dependent variable?

Children's defensive and aggressive behaviors in a school setting.

Saying exactly what you mean to say as directly as possible is an example of which writing goal?

Clarity

Which of the following are the most important elements of good report writing?

Clarity, brevity, felicity

Which of the following terms illustrates sexist language?

Manpower

When a researcher asks the question, "Has some developmental process within the participants paralleled the treatment effects?", she is concerned with which one of the following potential threats to internal validity?

Maturation

When a researcher asks the question, "Was the subject dropout rate during the course of the study equal over the various conditions or more pronounced in certain treatment groups?", she is concerned with which one of the following potential confounds?

Mortality

At a daycare center a researcher asks children to list their five favorite toys from most to least favorite. What level of measurement is represented in this example?

Ordinal

___________ have become popular ways of presenting research at scientific meetings.

Posters

A researcher records the amount of light it takes to detect a small visual stimulus in a dark room. Luminance is the variable being measured and may be thought of here as physical energy. What level of measurement is most likely involved in making this observation?

Ratio

Which one of the following independent variables represents a categorical variable?

Rote versus conceptual method of teaching

If a researcher runs an ad in a paper in order to recruit subjects, and places the first 10 people who call in one group and the next 10 people who call in another group, what sort of threat to internal validity has been introduced?

Selection bias

Which one of the following is not a part of the methods section of a research report?

Statement of the expected results of the study

Tables in a research report should

supplement the written content.

Professor Smith studied the effect of giving either two, four, or eight pellets of reward to rats that ran a maze. He measured how fast they ran, and how many wrong turns they made. How many levels of the independent variable did he have?

Three

The ____________ is one of the most difficult parts of the paper to write and is often written last.

abstract

The assumption that poverty causes level of performance in school suffers from

ambiguous temporal precedence.

The strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable is reflected in the measure of ____________

effect size.

Students as a group tend to perform better on the second exam. This may be due to ______, which is a threat to internal validity.

effects of testing

In a study of social interaction in mixed-gender groups, a researcher unconsciously treats women participants differently from the men participants when he reads them the instructions for the experiment. This is an example of

experimenter bias.

An experimental finding that is easily demonstrated in the laboratory but not in the real world suffers from a problem with __________ validity.

external

If you were studying the effects of success and failure on feelings of depression and all the participants experienced the failure condition on a rainy Monday and the success condition on a sunny Wednesday, ______ might be a threat to internal validity.

history

An experiment in which the independent variable really caused the change in the dependent variable is said to be high in _________ validity.

internal

The independent variable in a study

is believed to be responsible for the change in the dependent variable.

The dependent variable in a study

is the response to the independent variable made by the subject that is measured.

In APA format, the abstract of a research paper must be

less than 250 words.

Familiarity with APA format

makes reading and writing professional literature more convenient, is important for submitting an empirical report to a psychological journal, is important for submitting a review article to a psychological journal.

Content validity concerns whether the test

measures the full range of behaviors represented by the concept.

The reference list should include

only those sources you cited in the paper.

Consider the following title of a research study: "The effect of physical distance on ratings of attraction." In this study the dependent variable is

ratings of attraction.

When statistical tests are used improperly, a lack of ____________ validity is reflected.

statistical conclusion

A common problem with biased language is

stereotyping by labeling.