Research Methods II - Chapter 7 Quiz

Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester_Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience. He gives his students a survey. Dr. Kramer needs to avoid which of the following if he hopes to avoid having a biased sample? a. Sampling only those students who come to class frequently b. Sampling only those students who agree to complete the survey c. Sampling only those students who sign the consent form d. Sampling only those students who finish the survey

NOT B

Which of the following does NOT result in a representative sample? a. Systematic sample b. Simple random sample c. Snowball sample d. Stratified random sample

NOT B

External validity is most important for which of the following claims? a. Frequency claims b. Association claims c. Causal claims d. External validity is equally important for all claims.

a. Frequency claims

Which of the following is true of probability sampling? a. It is the best way to obtain a representative sample. b. It is the same as random assignment. c. It results in larger samples than nonprobability sampling. d. It should only be used when external validity is not the goal of the study.

a. It is the best way to obtain a representative sample.

Dr. Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year. He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%. What is another term for the 4% value? a. Margin of error b. Sampling bias c. Probability value d. Statistical significance

a. Margin of error

Which of the following statements is true of random assignment and random sampling? a. Random assignment is necessary for internal validity, whereas random sampling is necessary for external validity. b. They both are necessary for frequency claims. c. They both mean the same thing. d. Random sampling is more important than random assignment.

a. Random assignment is necessary for internal validity, whereas random sampling is necessary for external validity.

Convenience sampling relies on which of the following? a. Studying people who are easy to find b. Studying people who are willing to participate c. Studying people who are typical d. Studying people who are colleagues of the researcher

a. Studying people who are easy to find

If researchers measure every member of a population, they have: a. conducted a census. b. collected a sample. c. increased internal validity. d. biased the study.

a. conducted a census.

A sample is to ______ as a population is to __________ a. part; entire b. external; internal c. people; groups d. participants; researchers

a. part; entire

If a sample is biased, then it is ____________ the population of interest. a. unrepresentative of b. unrelated to c. incorrectly compared to d. unfairly applied to

a. unrepresentative of

Which of the following is necessary for a sample to be considered representative? a. All members of the population must be included in the sample. b. All members of the population have an equal chance of being included in the sample. c. All members of the sample belong only to the population of interest. d. All members of the sample are likely to provide the same data/information.

b. All members of the population have an equal chance of being included in the sample.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a probability sample? a. Simple random sample b. Convenience sample c. Systematic sample d. Cluster sample

b. Convenience sample

When you are interrogating the external validity of a sample, which is the most important question to ask? a. How many people are in the sample? b. How was the sample collected? c. How were the participants measured? d. How many people are in the population?

b. How was the sample collected?

Dr. Chandler is a personality psychologist who is interested in studying the characteristics of people who report being abducted by UFOs. She finds several people in an online support group for UFO abductees to participate and asks them if they can provide the names and contact information of other people who have also been abducted. Upon contacting these new participants, she asks them to refer her to even more people they may know who have been abducted. This is an example of what kind of sampling? a. Purposive sampling b. Snowball sampling c. Convenience sampling d. Self-selection sampling

b. Snowball sampling

Which of the following is true regarding interrogating frequency claims? a. Their accuracy can usually be determined. b. The chief concern is to evaluate the sampling technique. c. The most important thing to consider is the size of the sample. d. Frequency claims cannot be interrogated.

b. The chief concern is to evaluate the sampling technique.

A sample is always _________ a population. a. more expensive to measure than b. smaller than c. more interesting than d. more scientific than

b. smaller than

Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester_Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience. He gives his students a survey. What is Dr. Kramer_s likely population of interest? a. All students at the university b. All psychology majors and minors c. All students he is currently teaching d. All students in his Introduction to Neuroscience class

c. All students he is currently teaching

Another term for probability sampling is: a. purposive sampling. b. convenience sampling. c. random sampling. d. cluster sampling.

c. random sampling.

Why do studies that use probability samples have excellent external validity? a. They also ensure excellent internal validity. b. They study every member of the population of interest. c. They use a larger number of measures. d. All members of the population are equally likely to be represented in the sample.

d. All members of the population are equally likely to be represented in the sample.

Which of the following does NOT result in a biased sample? a. Snowball sample b. Convenience sample c. Purposive sample d. Systematic sample

d. Systematic sample