Research methods test 1-Chapter 1-4 (Review questions)

Benjamin is a social psychologist who studies marriage. He believes that marital satisfaction has two components: the ability to trust one's partner and a belief that one can be a good spouse. He conducts a study to test his ideas. Assuming that his data match his theory, which of the following statements should he make?

"The data provide support for my theory."

RESEARCH STUDY 2.1: Charlotte is studying subliminal messages and weight loss. She is curious whether people will lose more weight if they hear subliminal messages that encourage weight loss ("don't eat that food," "you want to be thin," etc.) in the music on their iPods compared to people who do not have subliminal messages in their music. A change to which of the following cells will result in a different interpretation of the results of subliminal messages?

A change in any cell will result in a different interpretation.

Which of the following studies would probably require written informed consent?

A confidential study examining income level and voting behavior.

Which of the following is a difference between a debriefing session following a study with deception compared to a debriefing session following a study without deception?

A deception study debriefing must attempt to restore a sense of honesty and trustworthiness.

Which of the following is NOT an example of coercion?

A researcher offering three points of extra credit to college students to participate in a study.

Which of the following is an example of applied research?

An educational psychologist who looks for a way to increase math skills in 8-year-olds.

When reading an empirical journal article "with a purpose," why should you read the abstract first?

Because it provides an overview of the article.

Stefan wants to make a causal claim in his dissertation. Which of the following is necessary?

He must conduct an experiment.

All of the following are true of institutional review boards (IRBs) in the United States EXCEPT:

IRBs must have a psychologist as a member.

Which of the following is a reason why it is important to be an effective producer of research?

It is important to know how to interpret the results and graphs of your study.

Which of the following is a limitation of PsychINFO compared to google scholar?

PsychINFO is not free to use.

How would you adopt the mindset of a scientific reasoner?

Remaining objective as you interpret scientific data.

Which of the following is a benefit of the peer-review process?

Reviewers' names are kept anonymous so they can be open in their critiques of an article.

Which of the following is not a research claim?

Teens spend too much time texting and driving.

The issue of obtaining informed consent deals with which of the following principles of the Belmont Report?

The principle of respect for persons.

RESEARCH STUDY 3.3: Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher made the claim that most middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Clarissa questions they study. Quinn also questions the study, saying, "Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Quinn is questioning:

The study's external validity.

Vinai learns that people with schizophrenia have a problem labeling their emotions. Using this information, he designs a research study to examine whether teaching patients with schizophrenia to label the emotions of people they see in movie clips helps them to better label their own emotions. Vinai hopes that the findings of this research could then be used ro create an intervention to treat schizophrenia. Vinai's study is an example of:

Translational research.

Which of the following is a problem presented by the availability heuristic?

We do not examine all of the evidence, only what we can quickly think of.

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr. Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them, After the participation To address the Beirmont principle of beneficence, Dr. Kushner would need to ask which of the following questions?

What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants?

RESEARCH STUDY 3.5: Jenny reads the following headline on an online article: "If You're Sexist, People Will Think You're Racist, and Vice Versa." (This headline is based on a study conducted by Sanchez and colleagues, 2017.) This study found that members of stigmatized groups are threatened by prejudice directed at other stigmatized groups. Their results showed that White women can be threatened by racism, and men of color threatened by sexism, and that these perceptions made participants expect unfair treatment. The results of this study can be generalized to which of the following groups?

White women African American men.

Matthew is reading an empirical journal article and wants to know whether the authors used the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44) or the NEO-PI to measure extraversion. In which section would he find this information? a. Introduction b. Method

b. Method

In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other? a. Inconvenience to participants versus benefit to the researcher. b. Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained.

b. Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained.

Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research? a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms. b. Consenting to participate in a research study. c. Attending a psychological conference. d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia.

c. Attending a psychological conference.

Another word for hypothesis is a: a. Theory b. Observation c. Prediction d. Outcome

c. Prediction

Which of the following is true of the distinction between scientific journals and popular magazines? a. Scientific journals are published quarterly; popular magazines are published monthly. b. Scientific journals are published on specific topics; c. Scientific journal articles are peer-reviewed; popular magazine articles are not.

c. Scientific journal articles are peer-reviewed; popular magazine articles are not.