Research Sports Med Exam 2

Understanding that most historical sources such as records and newspaper stories are not complete accounts of an event represents which of the following "rules" that needs to be applied in internal criticism?

Rule of Omission

In a meta-analysis, the researcher found that the mean for the experimental group in a study was 14 and the mean for the control group was 10. The standard deviation of the control group was 5. From these data, what is the ES

0.80

Which of the following represent(s) a primary source regarding a fight at a ball game

notes taken by a spectator at the game

In a meta-analysis of 100 studies that compared boys' and girls' knowledge of AIDS, an average ES of 0.50 was found. This number represents

A difference of 0.50 standard deviation units

It is common to encounter extreme or unusual scores in a distribution that could have a misleading effect on the results. These extreme scores are termed

Outliers

A scholar's set of assumptions about the world, definitions of theory and data , and possible questions that can be pursued

Paradigm

reasoning that moves from a limited number of specific observations to general conclusions is termed _________ reasoning

inductive

The type of criticism that seeks to determine the accuracy (or credibility) of a primary source is

internal criticism

In a meta-analysis, the ES for the experimental versus control groups was 0.68, which represents a percentile equivalent of 75. This means that

the average score of the experimental group was better than 75% of the control group's scores

The fact that a meta-analysis quantifies findings from many studies is a frequently mentioned advantage. Another strong advantage of the meta-analysis over the normal review paper is

the description of the coding of study characteristics and criteria for excluding studies

In historical research, the conditions (e.g., facts, meanings) in which evidence existed

Context

Speculation is an activity commonly use to show reasoning errors, faulty claims, and misplaced beliefs

False

Which of the three branches of philosophy focuses on the value of things?

axiology

The inclusion criteria in a meta-analysis are very much like

delimitations

Reasoning that describes lived experiences and relies on descriptions of observations is termed ___________ reasoning

descriptive

The greatest weakness of ___________ methodology is the effect internal biases have on how participants see the world

descriptive

In a meta-analysis, the results of various studies on a topic are quantified using a standard measure (ES) that is called

effect size

Which of the three branches of philosophy focuses on knowledge?

epistemology

The historical research process that attempts to establish whether a document is authentic is called

external criticism

Historical research is designed to answer a systematic layout of questions. However, they are structurally dissimilar to scientific research designs.

false

In the context of historical research, secondary sources are the original accounts

false

A major difference in the purpose of a meta-analysis and a review of literature for a research paper is that the meta-analysis uses the literature

for empirical and theoretical conclusions

which of the three branches of philosophy focuses on the nature of things?

metaphysics

The framework that contains a historical scholar's beliefs and assumptions about the world and the past as well as the scholar's own views is called a(n)

paradigm

A method of philosophy that is designed to liberate people from the claims of traditional claims of the other branches falls under the heading of deconstructionism, and is called

poetry

A fundamental goal of philosophy is to examine reality primarily through

reflective procedures

In calculating ES for a treatment effect between a pretest and a posttest, the text recommends the use of which standard deviation?

the pretest standard deviation

The most frequent and severe criticism of meta-analysis is that

the studies represent wide differences in methodologies, designs, and measurements

For a historical researcher, one of the important goals when determining what the evidence "is evidence of" is knowing what information they cannot obtain from a source

true