respiratory system
what percentage of total oxygen is carried within red blood cells chemically bound to hemoglobin
98%
an elevated body temperature will
accelerate respiration
gas is exchanged in the
alveoli
the top of the lung is called the
apex
most of the oxygen transported by the blood is
bound to hemoglobin
? is the primary gas the body uses to determine breathing rate
carbon dioxide
? uses oxygen and glucose and produces carbon dioxide, water and recharges ATP
cellular respiration
oxygen is used to obtain energy from glucose in the process known as
cellular respiration
structures in the trachea that prevent its collapse or over expansion as pressure changes in the respiratory system are
C-shaped tracheal cartilages
the diffusion of gases between the blood and alveolar air across the respiratory membrane is called
external respiration
the ligaments in the larynx that are relatively inelastic and help prevent foreign objects from entering the glottis are the
false vocal cords
the narrow opening through which inhaled air leaves the pharynx and enters the larynx is the
glottis
during expiration, an ? occurs
increase in intrapulmonary pressure
a 10% increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will
increase the rate of breathing
the output from baroreceptors affects the respiratory centers, causing the respiratory rate to
increase with a decrease in blood pressure
the diffusion of gases between blood and interstitial fluid across the endothelial cells of the capillary walls is called
internal respiration
the movement of gases into the blood from the lungs occurs by
net diffusion
what part of the pharynx allows both food and air to travel through it
oropharynx, laryngopharynx
the two primary gases involved in the respiratory process are
oxygen and carbon dioxide
the brain's involuntary respiratory centers that regulate the respiratory muscles and control the frequency and depth of breathing are the
pons and medulla oblongata
the movement of air into and out of the lungs is primarily dependent on
pressure differences between the air in the atmosphere and air in the lungs
the receptors located in the carotid arteries are
pressure receptors, chemoreceptors
the functions of the respiratory system include
providing an area for gas exchange between the air and blood, moving air in and out of the lungs and defending against pathogens, producing sound and providing olfactory sensations to the CNS
the breathing process is called
pulmonary ventilation
the respiratory membrane consists primarily of
simple squamous epithelium
how do cilia help the respiratory system
they move contaminated mucus where it needs to go
the amount of air moved into or out of the lungs in a single passive respiratory cycle is the
tidal volume
function of the tonsils
trap germs you breathe in
air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the
upper respiratory tract
during exhalation, the diaphragm moves
upward and the ribs move down
the amount of air exhaled with one forceful breath is the
vital capacity
when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, the
volume of the thorax increases
the hard palate separates the
nasal cavity and the oral cavity
creating turbulence in the air to trap small particles in mucus is the function of the
nasal conchae
large airborne particles are filtered by the
nasal hairs in the vestibule of the nose
