Respiratory System Chapter Questions
The carotid and aortic bodies are arterial receptors that respond to ______ -an increase in the PO2 of arterial blood -a decrease in the PO2 of venous blood -an increase in the PO2 of venous blood -a decrease in the PO2 of arterial blood
A decrease in the PO2 of arterial blood
Which of the following disorders is described as follows: damage to motor nerves innervating skeletal muscle; skeletal muscles weaken; death usually results within five years of diagnosis? -botulism -cystic fibrosis -emphysema -pleurisy -amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
In the blood, O2 is transported primarily __________, whereas is transported primarily __________. -as oxyhemoglobin; as bicarbonate in plasma -as oxyhemoglobin; dissolved in plasma -as oxyhemoglobin; as carbaminohemglobin -dissolved in plasma; as carbaminohemoglobin
As oxyhemoglobin; as bicarbonate in plasma
The rate and depth of normal breathing are determined by - carbon dioxide levels in the blood - oxygen levels in the blood - a pacemaker in the diaphragm - a pacemaker in the intercostal muscles - carbon monoxide levels in the blood
Carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Which of the following results from the stimulation by nerve impulses generated in the respiratory center when they arrive at the muscles involved in inspiration? - reduction in the efficiency of oxygen transport by the blood - opening of the trachea - contraction of the diaphragm - downward movement of the ribs - increase in air pressure in the lungs
Contraction of the diaphragm
A low pH reduces the binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, increasing the release of oxygen and its delivery to the tissues. What produces a condition of low pH in the red blood cells? -conversion of CO2 to carbaminohemoglobin -conversion of bicarbonate ions to CO2 -conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and release of hydrogen ions -conversion of O2 to oxyhemoglobin
Conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and release of hydrogen ions
Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as -expiratory reserve volume -inspiratory reserve volume -tidal volume -vital capacity -dead space volume
Dead Space Volume
All of the following respiratory disorders are due to infectious microorganisms, EXCEPT __________. -Influenza -The Common Cold -Tuberculosis -Emphysema
Emphysema
The exchange of gases between inhaled air and the blood is called __ - external respiration - cellular respiration - ventilation - internal respiration
External Respiration
Deoxygenated blood is transported to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs by the pulmonary veins; oxygenated blood is transported away from the pulmonary capillaries by the pulmonary arteries. - True - False
False
Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood during internal respiration -True -False
False
In which one of the following situations is hemoglobin most likely to bind oxygen? -in a tissue with a low pH -in a tissue with a neutral pH -in a metabolically active tissue -in a tissue with a high temperature
In a tissue with a neutral pH
Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin -is bound to carbon dioxide -binds carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide -transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells -is found in blood plasma -is found in red blood cells
Is bound to carbon dioxide
Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that they -carry oxygenated air toward the alveoli - are lined by a ciliated epithelium - filter, warm, and humidify air - are wider in diameter - lack cartilage in their walls
Lack cartilage in their walls
Hemoglobin in the blood transports __________. - more carbon dioxide than oxygen - oxygen only - more oxygen than carbon dioxide - oxygen and carbon dioxide in equal amounts
More oxygen than carbon dioxide
External respiration is the process of - gas uptake by target cells - carbon dioxide release by cells into the bloodstream - transporting gases in the blood stream to target cells - moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue - exchanging air in lungs with the surrounding environment
Moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue
Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive? -oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the process of cellular respiration, which results in the production of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions. - oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide, which is then used to drive production of ADP - oxygen is an important source of energy for cells and is used to make glucose
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the process of cellular respiration, which results in the production of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions.
Under which of the following conditions would oxygen flow from the alveoli into the blood? - PO2 in the alveoli is 40; PO2 in the alveoli is 46 - PO2 in the alveoli is 104; PO2 in the blood is 40 - PO2 in the alveoli is 104; PO2 in the blood is 104
PO2 in the alveoli is 104; PO2 in the blood is 40
Which one of the following is a symptom of botulism? -paralysis of muscle used for breathing -elevated stroke volume -cough yielding green phlegm -rash -immune system attack on connective tissue
Paralysis of muscles used for breathing
All of the following are part of an individual's vital capacity EXCEPT which one? -tidal volume -expiratory reserve -inspiratory reserve -residual volume
Residual volume
During a cough, what is responsible for constricting the size of the trachea? -closure of the soft palate -skeletal muscle -epiglottis -cartilage -smooth muscle
Smooth Muscle
Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form? - bound to hemoglobin -oxyhemoglobin -free carbon dioxide gas -carbon monoxide -soluble bicarbonate ion
Soluble bicarbonate ion
Much of the respiratory tract is lined with ciliated epithelium. Except ___ - the nasal cavity - the bronchi - the alveoli - the trachea
The alveoli
The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs make up __________. -the lower respiratory tract -unrelated respiratory organs -the respiratory system as a whole -the upper respiratory tract
The lower respiratory tract
A little girl was playing in the snow one day and found that she was wiping her nose quite often. The runny nose that she was experiencing due to the cold temperatures resulted from - the inability of the sinuses to drain - a buildup of tears in the nasal septum - an inadequate supply of blood to the nasal epithelium - the slowed activity of nasal cilia
The slowed activity of nasal cilia
The nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx make up ____ -the upper respiratory tract -the respiratory system as a whole -unrelated respiratory organs -the lower respiratory tract
The upper respiratory tract
The lungs are enclosed by a double pleural membrane. These membranes are attached to the __________ and the __________. -Pleural cavity, lung surface -thoracic cavity, pleural cavity -thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity -thoracic cavity, lung surface
Thoracic cavity, lung surface
Hemoglobin binds more tightly to carbon monoxide than to oxygen -True -False
True
Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissues to the lungs by a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following lists these mechanisms in order representing the mechanism that carries the most carbon dioxide to the mechanism that carries the smallest amount? -bicarbonate - carbaminohemoglobin - dissolved in plasma - dissolved in plasma - bicarbonate - carbaminohemoglobin - carbaminohemoglobin - dissolved in plasma - bicarbonate
bicarbonate - carbaminohemoglobin - dissolved in plasma
How does external respiration differ from internal respiration? - internal respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas external respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids - external respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids - external respiration involves gills, whereas internal respiration involves lungs
external respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids
Oxygen-rich blood flows through the heart -only through the coronary arteries -on the left side of the heart following returning from the lungs via the pulmonary arteries - by entering the right atrium and continuing through the aortic arch -right to left - via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit
via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit
