Respiratory System
Expiration occurs when the thoracic and intrapulmonary volumes decrease and the intrapulmonary pressure increases. True or False
True
Normal quiet breathing, known as tidal volume, is around 500 mL of air. True or False
True
The superior portion of each lung is the ________. fissure pleura mediastinum base apex
apex
Smoking destroys cilia in the respiratory passageways, such as the trachea. Which of the following is a likely consequence of damaged cilia? inflammation and swelling of the tonsils inability to produce mucus nasal congestion and postnasal drip air is not moistened, warmed, or filtered before reaching the lungs inability to propel mucus from the lungs to the throat
inability to propel mucus from the lungs to the throat
Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by ________. facilitated diffusion simple diffusion osmosis active transport endocytosis
simple diffusion
Even after a forceful expiration, air still remains in the lungs for gas exchange to continue. This volume is about ________. 6000 mL 4800 mL 1200 mL 2100 mL 500 mL
1200 mL
According to the laws of diffusion, movement of a respiratory gas occurs toward the area of higher concentration of that particular respiratory gas. True or False
False
Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide to produce ATP and oxygen. True or False
False
Changes in oxygen levels in the blood are the most important stimuli for breathing in a healthy person. True or False
False
Inspiration results when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax. True or False
False
Paranasal sinuses warm, cleanse, and humidify air entering the nasal cavity True or False
False
How do goblet cells, present in the lining of the trachea, contribute to the protection of the respiratory system? Goblet cells produce mucus that traps dust particles and other debris. Goblet cells protect the superior opening of the larynx by preventing the entry of food and fluids into the larynx. Goblet cells create a patent airway. Goblet cells create a sweeping motion that propels mucus toward the throat. Goblet cells vibrate to allow us to speak.
Goblet cells produce mucus that traps dust particles and other debris.
Surfactant prevents lung collapse since it lowers surface tension of the film of water lining each alveolar air sac. True or False
True
The Heimlich maneuver is a procedure in which air in a person's own lungs is used to eject an obstructing piece of food. True or False
True
The bronchioles are the smallest of the conducting passageways in the lungs. True or False
True
The function of the C-rings of hyaline cartilage in the trachea is to keep the airway patent or open for breathing. True or False
True
Venous blood in systemic circulation is poorer in oxygen and richer in carbon dioxide. True or False
True
Laura's lung collapsed during a skiing accident when a rib punctured her lung. The condition of a collapsed lung is known as ________. asthma pleurisy eupnea atelectasis pneumothorax
atelectasis
What is the most common transport method for carbon dioxide? carbon monoxide oxyhemoglobin bicarbonate ions deoxyhemoglobin
bicarbonate ions
Which one of the following is NOT true of the lungs? the bases rest on the diaphragm the left lung has two lobes the right lung has three lobes the narrower portion of each lung is called the apex both lungs have two lobes
both lungs have two lobes
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by ________. both the hard and soft palate the pharynx the larynx the nasal conchae both the nasal conchae and hard palate
both the hard and soft palate
Which passageways branch off of the inferior end of the trachea? alveolar sacs alveolar ducts bronchi bronchioles
bronchi
The most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid itself of the blood gas called ________. carbon dioxide oxygen methane nitrous oxide
carbon dioxide
The three mucosa-covered projections into the nasal cavity that greatly increase surface area of mucosa exposed to air are called ________. conchae paranasal sinuses adenoids tonsils
conchae
During ________, oxygen binds to hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin. expiration external respiration cellular respiration internal respiration
external respiration
Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves ________. extremely fast breathing extremely slow breathing irregular breathing intermittent breathing extremely deep breathing
extremely slow breathing
Oxygen is unloaded from the blood stream and diffuses into surrounding cells and tissues during ________. respiratory gas transport external respiration internal respiration tidal volume pulmonary ventilation
internal respiration
The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system is ________.
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
Oxygen is transported in the blood as ________. bicarbonate ion carbonic acid carbonic anhydrase deoxyhemoglobin oxyhemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory zone? respiratory bronchioles alveoli alveolar sacs alveolar ducts primary bronchi
primary bronchi
Which zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli and is where gas exchange occurs? conducting zone respiratory zone filtering zone terminal zone
respiratory zone
Damage to the larynx can cause an inability to ________. hiccup sneeze speak cough
speak
What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity? separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris increase the air turbulence in the nasal cavity lighten the skull act as a resonance chamber for speech
trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
The serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs is called the ________. parietal pleura main (primary) bronchi pleurisy mediastinum visceral pleura
visceral pleura
What non-respiratory air movement is intended to ventilate all alveoli? yawn sneeze hiccup cough
yawn
