Restorative Art (facial markings)

Labiomental sulcus

a furrow found at the junction of the lower integumentary lip and the superior border of the chin - in expressed form this furrow resembles a linear arc and is said to be "arc like" in form - will travel with age laterally and inferior,ly to the sides and base of chin.

Submental sulcus

a furrow thats found at the junction of the base of the chin and the upper submandibular area ***does NOT travel***

Angulus oris sulcus

a linear crevice extending obliquely and inferiorly from the extreme end of the line of mouth closure - transitional changes are: youth-a triangular shaped depression maturity-transition to a linear crevice form old age-extended linear crevice form to the chin area advanced old age-reversal of direction obliquely upward into the upper integumentary lip.

Furrow

a linear crevice in the skin, accompanied by bordering elevations - commonly referred to as a "wrinkle" - technically a furrow is referred to as a "sulcus" if singular, "sulci" if plural - these are more prominent in men than in women.

Nasolabial fold

a natural marking that contributes to the prominence of the anterior cheek, an eminence of the anterior cheek - extends from the superior margin of the nasal wing to the line of mouth closure where it casually terminates - it has 5 forms.

Oblique palpebral sulcus

a shallow curving furrow that originates in a darkened groove of tissue below the inner canthus of the eye - a natural shading is noticeable in the general area of this marking. - ****transitional changes in this are: extends to mid point of eye by middle age, lengthening to the outer canthus in old age, may drop inferiorly into the central cheek with many branches in advanced old age, in isolated cases it may connect with other furrows that approach the cheek from below.

Angulus oris eminence

a small convex prominence located lateral to the extreme end of the line of mouth closure - is one-half inch in width with no definate margins - it begins on the upper integumentary lip, (slightly medial) to the end of the line of mouth closure - the presence of this marking is vital to the expressed form of the mouth.

Inferior palpebral sulcus

acquired furrow of the lower "attached" border of the lower eyelid - when a comparison is possible, it exhibits less transverse measurement than does the superior palpebral sulcus.

Interciliary sulci

acquired furrows found between the eyebrows - forms: vertical and horizontal (transverse)

Optic facial sulci (crows feet)

acquired furrows that radiate from the outer canthus of the eye onto the side of the face - among the first to appear on the face.

Mandibular sulcus

an acquired furrow that originates beneath the jaw line and extends vertically upward into the cheek single form: below the jawline, the single form rest posterior to the submental sulcus - a fold or belly of flesh may be noticeable between these furrows. (double chin) Serrated form: consists of fairly close furrows between which are noteceable folds of flesh that produce a notched appearance - furrows may vary in length but do not rise above the level of mouth closure

Fold

an alongated prominence (a recurved margin) that possesses greater projection than adjacent skin surfaces. - abuts convexly against an adjacent skin surface - may or may not exhibit a definite margin

Nasal sulcus

an angular area formed by the superior margin of the nasolabial fold and the posterior margin of the nasal wing - a naturally shaded area that requires attention when applying cosmetics.

Naso labial sulcus

an aqcuired furrow originating at superior margin of nasal wing and extends downward to level of mouth closure - develops inside medially to the nasolabial fold

Groove

an elongated depression in a relatively level surface plane of tissue. - Grooves that are present at birth may alter in form w/advancing age and the natural loss of elacticity of the skin.....(philtrum)

Common transverse sulcus

an unclassified furrow of the upper eyelid found one-quarter inch from the line of eye closure - aka the "winking furrow"

Horizontal form of interciliary sulci

extends across the root of the nose - aka the "concentrating sulci" - can appear singularly or in any combination of the transverse or vertical form. Expect anything in this area.

Vertical form of interciliary sulci

extends in length from the root of the nose to the approximate level of the glabella - aka the "frowning" sulci

Linear sulci

fine, horizontal tracings that appear on both upper and lower eyelids

vertical lines

fine, vertical tracings that appear on both upper and lower mucous membranes ***vertical lines are to the mouth as linear sulci are to the eyes*****

Dimples

rounded or vertical depressions found in the soft tissue of the cheek, chin or both. - a chin dimple is more permanent than a cheek dimple

Superior palpebral sulcus

the acquired furrow of the upper "attached" border of the eyelid - in expressed form this may be: continuous, broken, or absent.

Transverse frontal sulci

the horizontal furrows of the forehead - if the norm is observed, these are horizontal and exhibit a slight "dip" medially - these mimic the form of the eyebrows - the ones closest to the eyebrows are the deepest, getting shallower as they go up. May be continuous, broken, or overlapping.

Platysmal sulce

the transverse, dipping furrows of the anterior neck - long furrows like the these and the transverse frontal sulci are seldom continuous. - they can be: 1. continuous 2. broken 3. overlapping

Bucco facial sulcus

the vertical acquired furrows of the cheek short form-just lateral to the naso labial fold long form-found in the central tissues of the cheek

Philtrum

the vertical groove found on the central plane of the upper integumentary lip. - also referred to as the superior labial groove - may be totally obscure due to one or more of the following: old age, loss of elasticity in the tissues, extraction of teeth.

Unclassified

those markings currently recognized or classified as neither natural or acquired - 3 total, two are associated with the eye and one with the mouth

Natural markings

those markings that are present from the birth of the person - 9 total, not all of which may be present and identifyable on any given case

Acquired markings

those that develop during the life of the person - 11 total, not all of which may be present on any given case.

Labial sulci

vertical furrows of the lips that extend from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips. - are very irregular in form and appearance - are referred to as the "furrows of age" - appear in old age or following the extraction of teeth. Sequential appearence: 1. upper mucous membrane 2. upper integumentary 3. lower mucous membrane 4. lower integumentary

cords of the neck

vertical, irregular convex ridges of flesh that extend from the base of chin to the base of neck - commonly found on thin individuals, or the elderly. Forms: 1. classic form - meets the definition 2. shortened classic form - produced by the elongation of the digastricus muscle 3. singular form - a narrowing convex belly of flesh below and behing the chin

Factors responsible for creating or emphasizing or diminishing the presence of facial markings.

1. Repeated use of the muscles of facial expression 2. Age, sex, race 3. Environment (occupational/geographical) 4. Position of the remains on the prep. table (could also diminish markings) 5. General health conditions at the time of death (emaciation and dehydration - presence of pathological conditions - corpulence (diminishing) the markings become barely visable - trauma.

Forms of the philtrum

1. triangular 2. inverted triangle 3. parallel 4. irregular parenthesis (norm)