Revel 18

which individual would most likely experience falling living standards after retirement because of government policies?

Allan, a janitor in the United States

which older adult is most likely to be involved in both organized and informal religious activities?

Etta, a low-SES African-American woman

in terms of proximity and communication, which sibling relationship is typical for aging Americans?

Liz and her sister Lenora live in different Atlanta suburbs, talk on the phone several times a month, and visit several times a year

Which statement about the relationship between physical and mental health problems in older adults is true?

Older adults' perceived negative physical health is more predictive of depressive symptoms than are actual physical limitations.

Which of the following older adults is engaging in one of Robert Peck's three distinct tasks for attaining ego integrity?

Sylvia, a retired financial advisor who volunteers her time teaching personal finance to low-SES teens

Althea is an 87-year-old woman who has trouble performing daily activities. Which of the following situations might lead her to react with boredom and passivity?

a live-in caregiver performs all household chores in addition to physical care of Althea

_______ is usually the first consideration in the decision to retire

affordability of retirement

older adults gain modestly in _______ into their seventies, although declines tend to occur after age 80

agreeableness

in the united states, nearly 50 percent of people age 85 and older live ________

alone

compared to suburban older adults, inner-city older people typically _____

are better off in terms of public transportation

Hans and Minoosh have been married for 40 years and report that their marriage is highly satisfying. It is very likely that both Hans and Minoosh _________

attempt to prevent disagreements from escalating into expressions of anger or resentment

optimal aging might be a better descriptor than the commonly used term successful aging because aging involves _______

being able to cope effectively with life's challenges and losses

According to Erik Erikson, the realization in late adulthood that one's own life is part of an extended chain of human existence _______

can make the inevitability of death less painful

in older adults, engaging in activities can promote openness to experience

cognitively challenging

according to socioemotional selectivity theory, which of the following happens as older adults reach their eighties?

contacts with family and friends diminish gradually in favor of a few very close relationships

Despite a recent move to an assisted-living facility, 82-year-old Eleanor strives to maintain familiar relationships and activities. She continues to play cards with her sister once a week, and although she shops at a new supermarket, it is part of the same chain as her old one. Eleanor's actions are consistent with _______

continuity theory

_______ helps us understand why older people's housing preferences reflect a strong desire for ______

continuity theory; aging in place

the dependency-support script and independence-ignore script work together to reinforce _____ in older people

dependent behavior

Socioemotional selectivity theory emphasizes that the ______ function of social interaction becomes most important in late adulthood

emotion-regulating

interviews with parents age 75 and older in five Western nations revealed that in all countries, aid received from adult children most often took the form of ______

emotional support

in George Vaillant's research on diverse samples of adults followed over the lifespan, ______ most strongly predicted late-life physical and psychological well-being.

factors people can control to some degree

most abusers of older adults are _______

family members

under what circumstances do older adults experience despair as the outcome of Erikson's final psychological conflict?

feeling one has made many wrong decisions

which statement is true about reminiscence?

for both younger and older adults, reminiscence often occurs during times of life transition

in retirement, meaningful leisure and community service pursuits are usually ________

formed earlier in life and sustained or expanded during retirement

lifelong friends Ada and Rita, both 82, have coffee together every morning. they often share stories about positive events in their lives and confide in one another about their worries. which function of late-life friendship do their daily meetings illustrate?

intimacy and companionship

a typical nursing home in the united states, as opposed to one in Europe, _____________

is overcrowded and hospital-like

According to Joan Erikson, which statement about gerotranscendence is true?

it is a cosmic and transcendent perspective that leads to heightened inner calm and contentment

which statement about elder suicide in the United States is true?

losses and severe illnesses prompt suicide in late life

which statement about religiosity and older adults is true?

many older people become modestly more religious as they age, although this trend is not universal

negative life changes, such as bereavement, illness, and dependency, _____

may evoke less stress and depression in older than younger adults

how were older adults affected by participation in Experience Corps, a program in which volunteers over age 60 tutor and mentor children in low-income inner-city schools?

mild gains in size of the hippocampus

which statement about divorce in late adulthood is true?

new generations of older adults have become more accepting of late-life marital breakup

personality characteristics in late adulthood show that ______

older adults tend to defy aging stereotypes

which statement about successful aging is true?

people age well when their growth, vitality, and striving limit and, at times, overcome physical, cognitive, and social declines

which type of social support is associated with a positive outlook in older adults with disabilities?

perceived social support

assistance aimed at enabling older adults to use their capacities fully in pursuit of their goals creates an effective ______

person-environment fit

among older adults, which aspect of feared possible selves becomes more prominent than it was in midlife?

physical health

perspectives on successful aging have turned away from specific achievements toward _________

processes people use to reach personally valued goals

older lesbians and gay men in long-term partnerships _______

report better physical and psychological well-being when married than when not in a legally recognized relationship

which statement about widowhood among older people is true?

the greatest problem for recently widowed older people is profound loneliness

Nahid, age 75, endured a painful exercise regimen after knee replacement surgery. In describing her experience to family and friends, she recalled, " Those exercises weren't so bad. I told my doc, 'However many years i have left, i want to walk into them on my own!'" what best explains Nahid's outlook and approach?

the positivity effect

compared to individuals in high-earning professional occupations, those in blue-collar or clerical positions _______

usually retire earlier