Review Book Quiz #2
The structural similarities represent in the following diagrams are considered supporting evidence for what basic evolutionary concept?
Homologous structures
The separation of small groups of individuals form the main population is known as 1)chromosomal mutation 2)fossil formation 3)geographic isolation 4)reduction division
c
The diagram indicates that a common ancestor for species C and E is species 1)F 2)G 3)H 4)K
d
Which scientist is correctly paired with his area of research? 1)August Weismann-common ancestry of species 2)Jean Lamarck-origin of life on earth 3)Stanley Miller- Survival of the fittest 4)Charles Darwin- natural selection
d
Two species of microorganism were placed in the same culture dish, which included basic materials necessary for life. The size of each population increased during the first three days. After one week, the population size of one species began to decline each day. State one reason passible for this decline?
Metabolic wastes were more taxi to one species
A key concept in the modern theory of evolution explains 1)how new organs arrive according to the needs of an organism 2)how variations occur within a species 3)the continued increase in the human population 4)the presence of asexual reproduction within a species
b
Which concept includes all the others? 1)competition 2)survival of the fittest 3)natural selection 4)overproduction
c
Which species are least likely to be vital parts of present-day ecosystem? 1)A & E 2)C & D 3)E & J 4)B & F
c
Explain why species Band C are more closely related that species A and C?
B and C have a common ancestor
State what could happen to a species in a changing environment if the members of that species do not press any genetic variations
They will become extinct
A large population of wildcats is broken up into several small groups as a result of geographic isolation. Over a long period of time, these groups will most likely be 1)reproductively isolated 2)identical in appearance 3)identical in genetic makeup 4)artificially selected
a
Before it was banned, the insecticide DDT was used to combat an organisms called the red mite. An unexpected result of the ned of DDT was that the population of the red mite increased rather than decreased, while the population of insect predators of the red mite decreased. What can be inferred from the situation? 1)environmental changes that affect one population can affect other populations 2)the red mite and its insect predates were all competing of the same resources 3)the red mites were immune to the effects of the insecticides 4) Using insecticides is reliable way to eliminate all insect predators
a
By stimulating conditions to have existed on primitive Earth, Stanley Miller would that these conditions could result in the formation of 1)organic compounds 2)radioactive materials 3)plant tissues 4)animal embryos
a
Characteristics of a species that make its members better able to live and reproduce in their environment are known as 1)favorable adaptiations 2)abiotic factors 3)homologous structures 4)biotic factors
a
Geographic and reproduce isolation are most closely associated with 1)speciation 2)extinction 3)overproduction 4)competition
a
One explanation for the variety of organisms present on Earth today is that over time 1)new species have adapted to fill available niches in the environment 2)evolution has caused the appearance of organisms similar to each other 3)each niche has changed to support a certain variety of organisms 4)the environment has remained unchanged, causing rapid evolution
a
Plantar lancelot and collinsia paryiflfra are both members of the 1)same kingdom but different species 2)same kingdom and species 3)same genus but different species 4)same species but different genus
a
Some scientist suggest that the mass extinction of dinosaurs resulted form sudden global weather changes caused by the impact of an asteroid on Earth. This event most likely promoted the evolution of new species of animals. These ideas best support the concept of 1)punctuated equilibrium 2)use and disuse 3)gradualism 4)geographic isolation
a
The diagram suggests that 1)different groups of organisms many have similar characteristics because of common ancestry 2)because of biochemical differences, no two groups of organisms could have a common ancestor 3)evolution is a predictable event that happens every few years, adding new groups of organisms to the tree 4)only the best adapted organisms will survive from generation to generation
a
The shark has changed very little in the last 50 million years. Which statement best explains why this is the case? 1)the shark is well adapted to its relatively unchanged environment 2)Sharks have a low reproductive reate and show little change in their genetic codes form one generation to the next 3)Sharks need to change by adapting to a changing environment 4)Sharks have a high mutation and genetic recombination rate
a
The term evolution is best described as a) a process of change in population through time b) a process by which organisms become extinct c) the reproductive isolation of members of certain species d) the replacement of one community by another
a
When the antibiotic penicillin was fist introduced, it was immediately effective in combating staphylococcus bacterial infections. After a number of years, there were outbreaks of staphylococcal infections that did not respond to treatment with penicillin. The best explanation for the situation is that 1)members of the original population of bacteria that were penicillin resistant survived and reproduced, creating a more resistant population 2)the bacteria that survived exposure to penicillin learned to avoid it 3)the bacteria that caused the new outbreaks were from populations that had never been exposed to penicillin 4)during each generation the bacteria modified their own DnA to increase their ability to resist penicillin and passed this ability on to their descendants
a
Which concept would be used to explain the evolution of the long neck in the giraffe according to a theory proposed by Darwin? 1)A long neck would develop as a result of natural selection 2)A long neck was acquired because it was needed for survival 3)Mutagenic agents cause genetic changes that produced a long neck 4)Long necks were a result of reaching for food
a
Which statement is best supported by fossil records? 1)Many organisms that lived in the past are now extinct 2)species occupying the dame habitat have identical environment needs 3)The struggle for existence between organisms results in changes in populations 4)Structures such as leg bones and wing bones can originate form the same type of tissue found in embryos
a
Which statement most accurately predict the present-day condition of theses island hawk populations? 1)The hawks that landed on island B evolved more then those on island A 2)The hawks that landed on island A evolved more that those on island B 3)the populations on island A and B have undergone identical mutations 4)The hawks on island A have given rise to many new species
a
according to the call-life theory, the main role of clay in the origin of life was to 1)speed of the rate of chemical reactions 2)break down very large organic molecules 3)anchor plants in the Earths surface 4)form fossils of new forms of life
a
Using one or more complete sentences, state one bacterial trait that will increase in regency when antibiotic use is widespread
antibiotic resistant bacteria will increase
According to the clay-life theory, the original "protoorganisms" in clay were 1)organic heterotrophs 2)inorganic templates 3)unable to self-replicate 4)unable t store and transfer energy
b
According to the reading passage, data collected on the clay-life theory 1)prove the clay-life theory 2)support the clay-life theory 3)weaken the clay-life theory 4)disprove the clay-life theory
b
According to this diagram, humans may be most closely related to the 1)ancestral primate 2)chimpanzee 3)gorilla 4)orangutan
b
An adaptive advange that some types of bacteria have is their 1)ability to cause disease 2)resistance to certain antibiotics 3)ability to secrete antibiotics 4)resistance to certain infections
b
Differences between the members of a population will most likely be passed to futre generations if they are 1)due to genetic changes are result in unfavorable variations 2)due to genetic changes and result in favorable variations 3)not due to genetic changes and result in unfavorable variations 4)not due to genetic changes and result in favorable variations
b
In a species of a plant, the sudden appearance of one plant with a different leaf structure would most likely be the result of 1)stable gene frequencies 2)chromosomal mutations 3)slow environmental changes 4)asexual reproduction
b
In this situation, what is the relationship between the birds and the moths? 1)producer- consumer 2)predator- prey 3)parasite-host 4)autotroph- heterotroph
b
Scientists have attempted to explain the rate of evolutionary by means of 1)the heterotroph hypothesis 2)gradualism and punctuated equilibrium 3)use and disuse 4)geographic and reproductive isolation
b
The Edith's Checkerspot butterfly identifies a preferred food plant by using specialized cells adapted for 1)vision, which are located at the anterior end 2)smell, which are located on the antennae 3)taste, which are located at the ends of the legs 4)sound, which are located on the posterior end
b
The first life-forms to appear on Earth were most likely 1)complex single-celled organisms 2)complex multicellular organisms 3)simple single-celled organisms 4)simple multicellular orgaims
b
The modification of some animal species by humans, as describes in the reading passage, results form the process known as 1)natural selection 2)artificial selection 3)vegetative propagation 4) chromosomal mutation
b
When penicillin was first introduced, it was very effective in destroying most of the bacteria that cause gonorrhea. Today, certain varieties of this bacterium are resistant to penicillin. Which statement best explains the appearance of these resistant varieties? 1)penicillin stimulated the bacteria to become resistant, and this resistance was passed to the offspring 2)Penicillin killed the susceptible bacteria, which naturally resistant varieties survived and reproduced 3)Penicillin used today is not as strong as the penicillin used when it was first introduced 4)Penicillin stimulated the production of antigens in the resistant bacteria.
b
according to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than other s to survive and reproduce? 1)some individuals pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes 2)some individuals are better adapted to exist in their environment then others are 3)Some individuals do not pas on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetime 4)Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment
b
A biologist in a laboratory reports a new discovery based on experimental results. IF the experimental results are valid, biologists in other laboratories should be able to 1) repeat the same experiment with a different variable and obtain the same results 2) repeat the same experiment and obtain different results 3)repeat same experiment and obtain the same results 4)preform the same experiment under different experimental conditions and obtain the same results
c
A large population of cockroaches was sprayed with a newly developed, fast-acting insecticide. The appearance of some cockroaches that are resistant to this insecticide supports the concept that 1)species traits remain constant 2)insecticides cause mutaitons 3)variation exists within a species 4)the environment does not change
c
A man life withers and develops large arm muscles. His son has larger muscles that his father had at the same age. According to Lamarck's theory, this situation is due to 1)competition between father and son 2)survival of the fittest 3)inheritance of acquired characteristics 4)mutagenic agents
c
A study of the position and shape of the bones in the forelimbs of a flying squirrel, a bat, and a beaver showed that the beaver and the flying squirrel appear to be most closely related. This determination was most likely the result of a study in the field of comparative 1) embryology 2) cytology 3) anatomy 4) biochemistry
c
Al large population of houseflies was sprayed with a newly developed, fast-acting insecticide. The appearance of some houseflies that are resistant to this insecticide supports the concept that 1)species traits tend to remain constant 2)biocides cause mutations 3)variation exists within a species 4)the environment does not change
c
Although similar in many respects, two species of organisms exhibit differences that make each well adapted to the environment in which it lives. The process of change that may account for these differences is 1)evolution 2)germination 3)regenerating lost structures 4)transmitting homologous structures
c
Fossil record indicate that between 80 million and 60 million years ago the structure of the honored dinosaur frequently underwent rapid changes separated by long periods of stability. This pattern of change best illustrates the concept of 1)use and disuse 2)gradualism 3)punctuated equilibrium 4)enzyme specificity
c
In a certain area of undisturbed layers of rock fossils of horseshoe crabs may be found in the upper layer, and lower layer contains fossils of trilobites. Trilobites are extinct aquatic arthropods resembling modern horseshoe crabs. This information suggests that 1)horseshoe crabs will soon become extinct 2)horseshoe crabs and trilobites are completely unrelated organisms 3)horseshoe crabs may have evolved from trilobites 4)trilobites may have evolved from horseshoe crabs
c
Modern evolutionary theory consists of the concepts of Darwin modified by knowledge concerning 1)overpopulation 2)survival of the fittest 3)genetic basis of variation 4)competition
c
Resistance to antibiotics many be genetically transmitted to nonresistant forms of bacteria by 1)infections such as tuberculosis 2)the overuse of antibiotic drugs 3)the exchange of plasmids 4)food given to livestock
c
Since variations between offspring are important tin the process of natural selection, evolution would be expected to occur more rapidly in species that reproduce bu the process of 1)budding 2)asexual reproduction 3)sexual reproduction 4)sporulation
c
The embryos of fish, chickens, and pigs have gill slits and a tail. The residence of theses features suggests that 1)all these animals can swim 2)pigs develop from chickens 3)these animals have had a common ancestor 4)gill slits and tails are required for embryonic development
c
The metamorphosis of the Edith's Checkerspot larvae is regulated by 1)juices from Plantar Lanceolate 2)hormones secreted by the insect 3)pollen from weeds growing in cattle pastures 4)neurotransmitters present in the eggs
c
What is the most probable reason for the decreased effectiveness of the DDT? 1)DDT caused mutations in the mosquitoes, which resulted in immunity 2)DDT was only sprayed once 3)Mosquitoes resistant ot DDT lived and produced offspring 4)DDT chemically reacted with the DNA of the mosquitos
c
Which idea included in Darwin's theory of evolution is not found in the reading passage? 1)variation 2)struggle for existence 3)overproduction 4)survival of the fittest
c
Which statement about the rates of evolution for different species is in agreement with the theory of evolution? 1)They are identical, since the species live on the same planet 2)they are identical, since each species is t risk of becoming extinct 3)They are different, since each species has a different adaptations that function within a changing environment 4)they re fife rent, since each species has access to unlimited resources within its environment
c
According to modern evolutionary theory, genes responsible for new traits that help a species survive in a particular environment will usually 1)not change in frequency 2)decrease gradually in frequency 3)decrease rapidly in frequency 4)increase in frequency
d
According to the interpretation of the fossil record by many scientists, doing which interval shown on the time line below did increasingly complex multicellular organisms appear on earth? 1)A to B 2)B to C 3)C to D 4)D to E
d
Biologically similar organisms have similar DNA and proteins This statement supports the concept of 1)diversity of species 2)use and disuse 3)acquired characteristics 4)organic evolution
d
Darwin studies of finches on the Galapagos Islands suggest that the finches differences in beak structure were most directly due to 1)acquired characteristics in the parent finishes 2)the size of the island were the finishes live 3)mating behaviors of the different finch species 4)adaptations of the finches to different environments
d
Even though the environment changes, a population hat occupies given geographic area will most likely continue to be found in this area off the 1)variations in the population decrease over time 2)members of the population decrease in number 3)members of the population exceed the carrying capacity 4)population passes on those genes that result in favorable adaptations
d
In the early stages of development, the embryos of dogs, pigs, and humans resemble one another. The observation suggests that these animals may have 1)a similar number of chromosomes 2)similar habitat requirements 3)the same blood components 4)a common ancestry
d
Many scientists believe that the earliest cells on Earth were relatively simple, lacking nuclear membranes and other organized celular structures. Over time, more complex cells developed from these simple cells. These statements describe the concept of 1)inheritance of acquired characteristics 2)evolution 3)dominance 4)use and disuse
d
Scientists at the National aeronautics and Space administration are researching the origin of life to learn how to 1)make amino acids from clay and lighting 2)create life on other planets 3)identify various species found in meteros 4)search for life on other planets
d
The difference in relative population size is an example of the 1)darwin concept that mutations cause changes in populations 2)time-frame concept involved in punctuated equilibrium 3)concept of the transmission of acquired characteristics 4)modern evolutionary concept of natural selection
d
The prevailing "hot, thin soup" concept, which was set forth in the 1930s by A. I Oparin, is known as the 1) inheritance of acquired characteristics 2)theory of natural selection 3)one-gene-one polypeptide theory 4)heterotroph hypothesis
d
The variations to which the author refers are the direct result of 1)asexual reproduction 2)regenerative ability 3)inherent need 4)gene recombination
d
Tow organisms are closely related and are thought to share a similar evolutionary history. If this assumption is correct, these organisms most likely have 1)no structural differences 2)few biochemical similarities 3)identical chromosome mutations 4)similar embryological development
d
What usually happens when nonresistant bacteria die due to the presence of antibiotic? 1)resistant bacteria become nonresistant 2)treatment of bacterial infection becomes unnecessary 3)infections in livestock do not occur 4)resistant bacteria increase in number
d
Which concept is not part of the theory of evolution? 1)present day species developed from earlier species 2)some species die out when environmental changes occur 3)complex organisms develop from simple organisms over time 4)change occurs according to the needs of an individual organisms to survive
d
Which statement best explains why some mosquitoes survived the first spraying? 1)The weather in early summer was probably cool 2)Most of the mosquitoes were of reproductive age 3)Environment facts varied slightly as the summer progressed 4)natural variation existed within the population
d
one concept that supports the theory pf evolution states that organisms best adapted for survival are the ones that will reproduce and pass traits on two the futre generations. Adaptations that can be passed on do not include 1)the basic structure of the organism 2)the reflex actions of the organism 3)the manner in which the organisms carry out respiration 4)techniques for hunting food tough by the parents of the organism
d
Identify one major difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium
gradualism is to evolution and
when charles darwin was developing his theory of evolution, he considered variations in a population important. However, he could not explain how the variations occurred. Name two process that can result in variation in a population. Explain how these processes actually cause variation
mutations and crossing over cause variation
Using one or more complete sentences, describe the hang that occurred in the habitat of Edith's Checkerspot butterfly as a direct result of human activity
the invading weed increased